C60分子的电子传导和量子流分布研究

利用基于Green's function的tight-binding方法,对由两条原子线电极连接C60分子远端构成的电子传导系统进行了理论计算和数值模拟,得出了入射电子通过C60分子传输到远端点的电子传输谱.其结果揭示了电子传导过程中C60分子的开关特性,并且得出了电子传输能量与分子轨道共振时传输概率峰值的出现及振荡特征.利用Fisher-Lee关系式和量子流密度理论,在传输概率峰值的能量点E=-1.38eV处获得了C60分子内的量子流分布,给出了键量子流的最大值和最小值.对全部分子键上的量子流数值进行了图形模拟,其结果符合量子流动量守恒定律.     

纳米三苯环分子带不对称电子传导特性

利用基于Green Function的Tight-binding方法,对由三个苯分子环耦合成的输入与输出电极不对称纳米分子带进行了理论研究.通过数值计算,得出了入射电子通过分子带传输到不对称端点的电子传输谱.利用Fisher-Lee 关系式和量子流密度理论,在传输峰值的六个能量点E=±0.45eV、E=±1.06eV和E=±1.46eV处,分别计算了分子带内的电子流分布,并且给出了分子带内电子流分布的模拟结果.对电子通过分子带的传输特性和键电子流生成的物理原因给出了合理的解释.     

三端纳米分子桥的电子传输特性研究

利用基于Green Function的Tight-binding方法,对由平面共轭分子连结成的三端子纳米分子桥进行了理论研究和数值模拟,得出了入射电子通过纳米分子桥传输到各个端点的电子传输概率,揭示出传导电子与分子轨道共振时传输峰值的出现和电子传输振荡的物理机制。利用Fisher-Lee关系式和电子流密度理论,在传输概率出现峰值的两个能量点E=±1.89处计算了分子桥内的电子流分布,同时得出了键电子流的最大值,并且得出了数值模拟结果。     

Li原子掺杂C28单分子器件的热自旋输运性质

利用第一性原理对Li原子掺杂C₂₈的分子器件的热自旋输运性质进行了计算。在不同的温度场下,上下自旋分别为Li原子掺杂C₂₈的分子器件中的空穴和电子提供了输运通道,在MJ₁和MJ₃分子器件中,热自旋电流随着温度增加而增大,但在MJ₂分子器件中,热自旋电流先增大再减小。三种分子器件都出现了自旋塞贝克效应,MJ₂还出现了负微分电阻现象,利用费米-狄拉克分布和自旋输运谱对其物理机理进行了解释。根据Li掺杂C₂₈的单分子器件的热自旋输运性质,可设计新的自旋纳米器件。     

人工晶体的微结构调控热输运研究

随着电子工业与能源科学的快速发展,热管理成为微电子、热逻辑器件和热电技术等多个领域关注的重要课题.以半导体产业为例,传统芯片散热技术难以满足功率密度日益增大的芯片散热需求,已经成为限制芯片集成度进一步提高的瓶颈.因此,热输运的研究重点从宏观尺度延伸至微观尺度,并要求人们对热输运机制有更深入理解.本文从热声子的扩散输运、弹道输运等微观机制出发,探讨了材料微结构与热输运之间的关系.实验和理论表明,晶体中各种微结构对热输运过程有着重要的调控作用.本文重点讨论了薄膜体系中的点缺陷与量子点、超晶格、异质结构界面等对热输运的调控作用,并对其中的热输运机制进行了简要分析.尽管各种复杂的器件结构对高效的热管理构成了挑战,但人工微结构也为热输运调控提供了新的机遇.     

ZnO掺杂对PVK∶Ir(ppy)3体系发光特性的影响

以无机纳米颗粒ZnO作为电子传输材料,并以不同质量比掺杂到PVK∶ Ir(ppy)3体系作为发光层制成一系列磷光器件,器件结构为:ITO/PVK∶ Ir(ppy)3∶ ZnO(100∶ 1∶ x)/ BCP/Alq3/Al, ZnO的掺杂浓度x分别为0;,1;,2;,5;,10;,研究了它们的电致发光特性.结果表明:合适比例ZnO掺杂可以改善器件的发光特性,ZnO的最佳掺杂量为1;,此时器件的相对发光强度是未掺杂的器件的4倍,器件的启亮电压也由未掺杂时的15.5 V降到了10.5 V.当掺杂浓度较大时,电子传输过多在电极另一侧形成漏电流,没有在发光层内进行电子与空穴有效复合,没有对发光起到作用,导致器件的发光性能下降.     

有序纳米半导体量子点的自组织生长

纳米半导体量子点以其所具有的新颖光电性质与输运特性,正在各类量子功能器件中获得成功应用.作为纳米量子点的一种主要制备工艺,自组织生长技术正在受到人们的普遍重视.而如何实现具有尺寸与密度可控纳米量子点的自组织生长,更为材料物理学家们所广泛关注.因为这是由自组织方法形成的量子点最终能否器件实用化的关键.本文简要介绍了有序纳米量子点的自组织生长及其新近研究进展.     

利用界面调控制备二维有机半导体晶体及其机制研究

二维有机半导体晶体是利用分子间的范德瓦耳斯力进行自组装生长的单晶材料。本质上的单晶属性使其具备优异的电学特性。更重要的是,二维极限下增强的界面特性能够大幅调控器件行为,为构建多功能界面器件提供可能。此外,充分暴露的电荷输运沟道和极少的晶面内缺陷能够为研究本征的有机电子输运特性创造可能。目前,对于二维有机半导体晶体的生长工艺研究已经取得了较大的进展,但是从理论层面上研究二维晶体生长的自组装过程仍然十分匮乏。本工作利用添加剂辅助结晶技术成功制备出二维有机半导体晶体,并通过偏光显微镜和原子力显微镜对二维晶体进行了全面的表面形貌和结构表征。通过SEM结合EDS技术对关键的形核界面进行了结构和组成的表征以研究晶体生长的机制。研究结果表明:在添加剂界面上,生长材料能够稳定形核,并计算出添加剂构建的有利界面能够将形核势垒降低为SiO₂界面上的1/5。这项工作充分展现了生长界面对于晶体生长的关键作用,并从理论上揭示了界面的调控行为,为二维有机半导体晶体的生长工艺设计提供了可靠的思路。     

钙钛矿太阳电池外量子效率模拟与优化

使用拟合(FAPbI3)1-x(MAPbBr3)x钙钛矿太阳电池器件每层材料的透射、反射曲线的方式获取材料真实光学常数以进行外量子效率(External Quantum Efficiency,EQE)模拟,所得结果与实际测得EQE曲线相比误差低于1;.由此分析了器件中各层薄膜材料的光学损失并针对器件中透明导电电极、电子传输层以及钙钛矿吸收层进行厚度优化,掌握了透明电极、电子传输层和钙钛矿吸收层对器件性能的影响规律.该模拟研究可有效减少实验量,为快速获得高性能器件提供了一定的指导.     

石墨烯及石墨烯/氮化硼的电子结构特性研究

化学气相沉积法生长的单层石墨烯具有卓越的力学、热学和电学特性,成为新一代纳米器件的首选材料。对石墨烯电子特性的理论研究有利于推动纳米器件的发展与应用。本文基于密度泛函理论与非平衡格林函数相结合的方法,系统地研究了石墨烯及石墨烯/氮化硼的电子结构特性。结果表明,在高对称K点,带隙为零。在50~400 K范围内,由于费米面的电声子散射作用,单层石墨烯的迁移率随着温度增加呈现显著下降趋势。此外,通过对不同层间距的石墨烯/氮化硼结构的能带、态密度、电子密度等特性分析,发现随着层间距增加,能带间隙减小,导带与价带间的能量差减小。随着原子个数的增加,石墨烯/氮化硼超胞结构与原胞结构的带隙开度变化规律一致,这对石墨烯基器件的结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.