MOF衍生的MnCeOx低温催化降解甲苯

以MOF-74为前驱体成功制备了Ce改性的MnCeO_x催化剂用于甲苯的催化氧化反应，并对催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS等方面的测试表征。结果表明，MOF衍生的MnCeO_x具有较大的比表面积和较大的孔径，Ce掺杂使催化剂具有丰富的氧空位、良好的氧迁移率和较高的表面Mn4+的含量。XPS显示MnCeO_xMOF具有较高的Mn⁴⁺、Ce³⁺含量，以及在O_ads/O_latt具有优势。在催化甲苯的分解反应中，MOF衍生的MnCeO_x催化剂表现出了良好的低温催化氧化性能，甲苯完成90%的转化率时的温度(T₉₀)仅为231℃，与对比催化剂相比有明显优势。并在连续反应20 h后仍保持较高的催化活性，表现出Ce改性的MnCeO_x-MOF催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

甲烷氧化偶联纳米SrTiO3催化剂的原位ESR和TPSR表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物SrTiO3催化剂,并用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、原位电子自旋共振和程序升温表面反应等技术对催化剂进行了表征,测定了催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应的催化性能.结果表明,与相同组成的常规SrTiO3催化剂相比,纳米SrTiO3催化剂具有较好的低温(～650℃)催化性能.通过增大Sr/Ti比可进一步优化纳米SrTiO3的催化性能.纳米SrTiO3催化剂表面的吸附氧物种和F中心均具有活化及催化甲烷分子生成C2烃产物的活性,但吸附氧物种易使OCM反应中间体和产物深度氧化,而F中心具有低温活化甲烷分子及高选择性生成C2烃产物的特性.纳米氧化物粒子因表面原子配位不饱和(配位数低),其表面存在较多的F中心。     

锰基氧化物与冷等离子体协同催化氧化VOCs研究进展

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)对环境的严重污染和对人体的危害引起了人们的重视。冷等离子体与催化剂耦合形成的协同效应可显著提高VOCs低温转化速率,减少二次污染和降低能耗,具有较好的应用前景。协同催化效果主要取决于催化剂物化性能,可通过调控催化剂的组成、粒径和结构改善协同催化活性。锰基氧化物因其具有较高的储氧能力、稳定的晶体结构、较好的氧气活化性能和良好的抗中毒能力等优点而被广泛应用于冷等离子体协同催化净化VOCs的应用研究。通过金属离子掺杂调控锰基氧化物的离子价态、氧迁移率和氧气吸附量,是改善催化剂与等离子体协同催化性能主要方法。本文总结了近年来锰基氧化物与冷等离子体协同催化氧化VOCs的研究进展,主要包括氧化锰晶型、分散度和掺杂金属离子对协同催化氧化VOCs的活性影响趋势及反应机理。分析冷等离子体与锰基氧化物催化剂协同氧化VOCs中存在的问题并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

放电气氛对复合金属氧化物催化剂结构和活性的影响

采用等离子体辅助溶胶凝胶法制备了复合金属氧化物MnCeO_x催化剂,研究了N_2、Ar、空气等气氛产生的等离子体预处理对催化剂结构和活性的影响,通过低温氮吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂表面的物理化学特性进行了表征分析.结果表明不同气氛的等离子体可以不同程度地分解催化剂前驱体中的硝酸盐和有机物,并有效提高催化剂的氧化活性.经空气等离子体预处理制备的催化剂在275℃时的对NO氧化效率为75%,比直接煅烧方法制备的催化剂的氧化效率高20%.等离子体预处理制备催化剂能够使MnO_x和CeO_2之间的相互作用增强,从而提高催化剂的比表面积,提高催化剂表面Ce3+的比例,显著增加催化剂表面的化学吸附氧和弱结合的氧物种.等离子体预处理对催化剂表面的物理化学性质的优化,提高了催化剂的氧化还原性能和催化氧化性能.     

等离子体改性CuO/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂催化低浓度甲烷燃烧性能

为了研究CuO/γ-Al_2O_3催化低浓度甲烷燃烧性能,采用普通浸渍法和低温等离子体改性的方法分别制备了CuO/γ-Al_2O_3和CuO/γ-Al_2O_3-P催化剂,并用于低浓度甲烷燃烧,考察了Cu负载量和等离子体改性工艺对其催化活性的影响。结果表明,Cu负载量为7%时,催化剂的活性最强。改性气体、气体空速、放电电压、放电频率、等离子体处理时间均是影响催化剂活性的因素。氧气适合用作催化剂的改性气体,而氮气不宜作为改性气体使用。氧气作为改性气体时,最佳的改性工艺条件为峰峰值电压45 kV、放电频率14.71 kHz、等离子体处理时间30 min、氧气空速20 mL/(min·g)。在此工艺条件下制备的催化剂用于低浓度甲烷催化燃烧,可使t10降低23℃、t50降低6℃、t90降低19℃,同时,可使反应的活化能由79.27 kJ/mol降低为76.12 kJ/mol。催化剂的SEM、BET、XRD、XPS、H_2-TPR表征结果表明,等离子体对催化剂的改性作用主要在于增大了催化剂的比表面积、促使催化剂中Cu周围电子云密度降低及体相氧向表面氧迁移,从而利于甲烷在催化剂表面的吸附、活化和转化。     

泡沫镍及负载型镍催化剂制备纳米碳纤维层的研究

纳米碳纤维可用在催化材料、储氢材料、及纳米电子器件等方面。本文对用泡沫镍及负载型镍催化剂催化分解乙烯或丙烯制备纳米碳纤维进行了研究。利用X射线衍射仪、物理吸附仪、扫描电镜进行了分析表征,并考察了催化剂、碳源、生长温度对纳米碳纤维生长量、形貌、结构的影响。结果表明:在生长温度450℃,乙烯流率30mL/m in的条件下,负载型镍催化剂纳米碳纤维的生长量要高出泡沫镍3~6倍,负载型镍催化剂制备的纳米碳纤维直径为40~60纳米,小于泡沫镍的情况。泡沫镍催化分解乙烯制备纳米碳纤维时,纳米碳纤维的生长量和平均直径随温度的降低而逐渐减小。纳米碳纤维在泡沫镍上的最低生长温度为420℃,在低于480℃生长纳米碳纤维时泡沫镍的骨架结构不会被破坏,由此制备的纳米碳纤维在新型结构催化材料中有很好的的应用前景。     

改性石墨烯用作燃料电池阴极催化剂

石墨烯材料以其独特的超薄片层结构、超高比表面积、良好的导电性等重要特性,而被认为在制备高性能燃料电池催化剂方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。最近的一些研究工作表明,通过选择合适的制备方法和前驱体制备的改性石墨烯,对于氧还原反应具有一定的活性,可用作燃料电池阴极催化剂。目前有关石墨烯应用于燃料电池阴极催化剂的研究工作主要集中在两个方面:一是通过表面改性后直接作为燃料电池非贵金属阴极催化剂;二是将改性石墨烯作阴极催化剂载体而制备活性组分高度分散的高性能催化剂。尽管有关改性石墨烯的氧还原活性中心的结构尚不明确,然而由于这类材料在酸性及碱性环境下对氧还原的良好的催化性能,对改性石墨烯的研究已成为探索燃料电池非铂催化剂的新途径。随着这类材料的催化性能的不断提高和对表面-活性关系认识的不断深入,改性石墨烯材料在燃料电池方面将具有广阔的应用前景。     

低温甲烷氧化偶联钙钛矿型SrTiO3纳米催化剂

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sr/Ti摩尔比为1.2的纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物SrTiO3催化剂,比较了纳米SrTiO3催化剂和相同组成的常规SrTiO3催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应的催化性能,并采用XRD,TEM和原位ESR技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,纳米SrTiO3催化剂具有较好的低温催化OCM反应性能. 在反应气氛下催化剂表面形成的吸附氧物种和F-中心能够活化甲烷生成C2烃,但吸附氧物种最终导致反应中间体和C2烃完全氧化; F-中心则能在低温下活化甲烷,并高选择性地生成C2烃. 纳米SrTiO3催化剂不仅含有吸附氧物种,而且含有高浓度的F-中心,而常规SrTiO3催化剂上只有吸附氧物种.     

B改性钒钛催化剂低温NH3-SCR还原NOx

选择性催化还原(SCR)技术是降低柴油机NOx排放的常用技术,其核心部件为催化剂.目前最广泛使用的催化剂为V2O5/TiO2催化剂,但其存在一些缺点,如低温活性不佳、活性温度窗口较窄等.为了解决该催化剂存在的上述一系列问题,我们对V2O5/TiO2催化剂进行改性处理.采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了 B改性的V2O5/T...     

硅纳米片负载钯催化剂的制备及其催化Suzuki反应研究

通过硅化钙在酸性条件下水解制得二维硅纳米片载体材料,经3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷化学改性后与钯配位,再经还原得到了一种新型的硅纳米片负载钯催化剂,采用透射电镜和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)等手段对其进行了表征.并将该催化剂成功应用于Suzuki反应,结果表明,硅纳米片负载钯催化剂在较低的钯催化量和空气氛围下即可有效地催化多种溴代芳烃和芳基硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应.此外,该催化剂经8次循环使用后,催化活性无明显下降.     

热处理温度对锂氧气电池用Co-N/C催化剂催化性能的影响

开发低成本、高效的空气电极催化剂是发展锂空气电池的关键课题之一. 采用邻菲咯啉(phen)为配体制备Co(phen)₂配合物,负载于BP2000 碳载体上,并分别在600、700、800 和900 ℃的温度下进行热处理,制备得到碳支撑的Co-N催化剂(Co-N/C). 对催化剂的氧还原反应/析氧反应(ORR/OER)活性进行了表征,并且与典型的CoTMPP/C催化剂进行了比较. 同时研究了煅烧温度对Co-N/C催化剂的组成和结构的影响. 电化学测试结果表明,热处理温度为700-800 ℃时催化剂具有较好的电化学性能. Co-N/C催化剂具有电化学性能优良与低成本的特点,是一种良好的锂氧气电池催化剂.     

Low-temperature plasma technology for electrocatalysis

The latest applications of plasma in energy storage and conversion are summarized here, including using it as the preparation and modification technology of the various electrocatalysts and the usage of it as the synthesis technology directly. Also, the challenges and outlook of plasma technology in energy storage and conversion were summarized, and the solutions and prospected its development in the future were present.     

CoNi nanoparticles anchored inside carbon nanotube networks by transient heating:Low loading and high activity for oxygen reduction and evolution

Transitional metal alloy and compounds have been developed as the low cost and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,a high mass loading of these catalysts is commonly needed to achieve acceptable catalytic performance,which could cause such problems as battery weight gain,mass transport blocking,and catalyst loss.We report herein the preparation of fine CoNi nanoparticles(5-6 nm)anchored inside a nitrogendoped defective carbon nanotube network(CoNi@N-DCNT)by a transient Joule heating method.When utilized as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution in alkaline media,the CoNi@N-DCNT film catalyst with a very low mass loading of 0.06 mg cm^-2 showed excellent bifunctional catalytic performance.For ORR,the onset potential(Eonset)and the half-wave potential(E_1/2)were 0.92 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE)and 0.83 V(vs.RHE),respectively.For OER,the potential at the current density(J)of 10 mA cm^-2(E₁₀)was 1.53 V,resulting in an overpotential of 300 mV much lower than that of the commercial RuO₂ catalyst(320 mV).The potential gap between E_1/2 and E₁₀ was as small as 0.7 V.Considering the low mass loading,the mass activity at E₁₀ reached at 123.2 A g^-1,much larger than that of the RuO₂ catalyst and literature results of transitional metal-based bifunctional catalysts.Moreover,the CoNi@N-DCNT film catalyst showed very good long-term stability during the ORR and OER test.The excellent bifunctional catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the bimetal alloy.     

Co@NC纳米复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

本文从开发替代贵金属催化剂（如RuO₂,IrO₂,Pt）的廉价催化剂方面着手,以金属有机框架化合物ZIF-67为前驱物,通过室温溶剂热法合成金属有机骨架ZIF-67,将其高温炭化制备出包覆Co纳米颗粒的氮掺杂的碳基复合材料,即Co@NC. 研究炭化温度对其形貌结构、元素组成和电催化性能的影响. 制备形貌结构最优的Co@NC催化剂,并研究了其在碱性条件下析氧反应的催化活性和稳定性.     

Facile fabrication of steam-exploded poplar loaded with non-metal-doped Ni-Fe nanoparticles: Catalytic activities in 4-nitrophenol reduction and electrocatalytic reaction

A simple and effective method for preparing a non-metallic ion-doped nickel-supported catalyst is reported. Using economical and recyclable fibre raw materials as carriers, nickel-supported catalysts were prepared by adsorption and reduction at room temperature. The nanoparticles dispersed and anchored on a rational support, efficiently inhibiting their aggregation and thus enhancing the catalytic activity. For the model catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol by NaBH₄, the N-B-NiP/steam-exploded poplar (SEP) and N-B-Ni₅Fe₅P/SEP catalysts exhibited much better catalytic performances than the other recently reported catalysts in terms of the catalytic activity (the reaction was completed within 10 min for both aforementioned catalysts), reaction rate constant (0.19 and 0.344 min^?1, respectively) and the activity factor K (19 and 34.4 min^?1·g^?1, respectively). The catalysts showed activities for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under ambient conditions. In general, the reported preparation method of nickel-supported catalysts is convenient, economical and environment-friendly, and is agreement with many green chemistry and sustainable development principles; further, it employs widely available starting materials.     

Boron: A key functional component for designing high-performance heterogeneous catalysts

Heterogeneous catalysis is a vivid branch of traditional catalysis field, with the advantage of high efficiency and being easily separated from reactants and products after reaction, and have received widespread attentions in large-scale industrial production, especially in the field of energy utilization. Boron has been found to be a key functional component for designing high-performance heterogeneous catalysts. In this review, we cover and categorize the past and recent progress in boron-containing materials and their applications in heterogeneous catalysis particularly in energy‐related fields. The fundamental roles of boron components in the emerging heterogeneous catalysis of construction, regulation and stabilization of active phases/sites are highlighted, with the emphasis on how they regulating structural and electronic properties of host materials. We then categorize boron-containing catalysts into six kinds mainly including intermetallic boride catalysts, metal boride-derived catalysts, boron-doped catalysts, metal boride-decorated catalysts, boron-containing compounds as catalyst supports, and single-boron-site catalysts, as well as try to establish structure-catalytic activity relationship. The catalytic applications of these six boron-containing catalysts are discussed separately, focusing on the energy-related reactions such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Finally, the opportunities and challenges related to boron-containing compounds in the field of catalysis are prospected.     

以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式锰基催化剂应用于低温NH3-SCR反应

以MnO2为活性组分,Fe2O3为助剂,制备了以TiO2及ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式催化剂.考察了它们在不同温度焙烧后应用于富氧条件下,NH3选择性催化还原.(NH3-SCR)氮氧化物的低温反应性能和高温稳定性.用X射线衍射(XRD)实验、比表面积测定(BET)、储氧性能测定(OSC)及程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等方法对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的催化剂具有很好的高温热稳定性,并具有较高的比表面积和储氧能力.同时具有较强的氧化能力.催化剂的活性测试结果表明,以ZrO2-TiO2为载体的整体式锰基催化剂明显地提高了NH3-SCR反应的低温活性,具有良好的应用前景.     

Regulation of 2D Graphene Materials for Electrocatalysis

Benefiting from unique excellent physical and chemical characteristics, graphene has attracted widespread attention in the application of electrocatalysis. As a promising candidate, graphene is usually regulated with surface defects, heteroatoms, metal atoms and other active materials through covalent or non‐covalent bonds to substitute for noble metal catalysts, which has not been targeted in a report yet. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of approaches for engineering graphene‐based electrocatalysts and emphasize the corresponding electrocatalytic active sites in various electrocatalysis circumstances, such as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), etc. The opportunities and challenges in the future development of graphene‐based catalysts are also discussed.     

等离子体引入方式对强化制备二氧化碳重整甲烷反应的Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的影响

采用等离子体技术强化制备了Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 以CO2重整CH4为模型反应考察了等离子体引入方式对催化剂性能的影响, 并采用H2-TPR, BET, CO2-TPD, XRD, CO2-TPSR, TGA及XPS技术对催化剂进行了表征. 研究结果表明, 与常规焙烧的催化剂相比, 在氢气还原过程前引入氮气等离子体处理能有效提高催化剂的低温反应活性. N2气等离子体处理使前驱体中的硝酸盐能在温和条件下分解, 并使催化剂具有较强的还原能力和较大的比表面积. 先进行N2气等离子体处理再进行H2气还原的催化剂, 其活性组分的分散度显著提高, 对CO2的吸附量也明显增加, 并且反应后催化剂上的积炭量比常规催化剂上的显著降低, 形成比较单一的碳物种.     

甲烷氧化偶联反应稀土催化剂表面活性氧种的研究

有关甲烷氧化偶联（OCM）中活性氧种的研究已有许多报道[1~4]．本文利用XPS、O2－TPD、XRD等方法研究了高活性RE2O3体系催化剂上不同表面氧种对偶联反应的影响，并进行了氧种归属，探讨了对偶联反应起关键作用的活性氧种及作用机理．1实验部分1．1催化剂制备及活性评价将高温焙烧后的混合稀土氧化物粉末（Y2O3为主要成分）、MgO及P2O5按一定摩尔比混合研磨调匀、烘干，于950℃焙烧后压环粉碎，取0．38～0．75mm颗粒备用．活性评价在常压固定床流动体系中进行，采用内径为4．5mm的石英反应管，催化剂重量0．8g，反应温度780℃，空速…