基于白光LED照明光源的室内VLC系统

LED照明与可见光通信技术相结合,构建出基于LED可见光无线通信系统。对室内VLC(Visible Light Communication)系统的白光LED光源特性和系统信道模型分析,提出照明光源布局设计与接收光功率分布的关系;对强度调制直接检测方式的室内VLC系统中信噪比和多径效应引起的码间串扰分析,提出采用光分集接收技术克服码间串扰和提高信噪比,并给出光检测器阵列布局的模型。建立VLC系统仿真模型,给出OOK-NRZ (On-Off Keying & Non-Return Zero)和OOK-RZ(On-Off Keying & Return Zero)调制方式的误码率和均方根时延扩展之间的关系曲线。仿真结果表明,接收光功率相同时,均方根时延扩展时间大于1.0 ns时,OOK-RZ特性优于OOK-NRZ。     

基于智能手机的快速可见光室内定位系统

基于智能手机的可见光定位不仅定位精度高,还兼具了可见光通信与移动互联网的优势。由于图像处理的高计算复杂度,现有系统定位速度较低无法支持实时导航。论文提出了一种快速和高精度的可见光室内定位系统,通过设计无闪烁线路编码方案和轻量级图像处理算法降低定位时延,同时还具有抑制调制闪烁和支持多级调光的优点。市售Android智能手机完成了原型系统开发和现场测试,实验结果显示,系统平均定位精度可达到7.5 cm,定位时间可低至22.7 ms(单灯)和35.7 ms(双灯),可支持移动速度高达18 km/h的实时室内导航。     

室内可见光通信高精度定位系统设计

基于接收信号强度算法的可见光室内定位系统具有结构简单的特点,但是由于漫反射信道、系统噪声等因素,其定位精度受到很大限制,为此提出使用人工神经网络对室内可见光信道参数进行学习,拟合室内信道参数的真实值,实现高精度定位。首先,使用CDMA调制技术消除室内可见多参考点光通信带来的码间干扰问题,CDMA解扩信号经过归一化操作后输入人工神经网络对坐标函数进行训练,使之拟合室内可见光通信信道参数,估计出接收机到各个LED参考点之间的空间距离。其次,由于神经网络训练数据噪声及接收机信号噪声会影响定位精度,我们提出使用Newton-Raphson迭代法,进一步逼近测试点的真实坐标。实验结果表明,在1 m×1 m×1. 2 m的室内可见光通信定位系统模型中,本系统在二维定位应用时平均定位误差为0. 87 cm;在三维定位应用时平均定位误差为1. 47 cm。本文提出的基于接收信号强度的可见光室内定位系统,使用CDMA调制技术,接收信号经过解扩后输入人工神经网络对信道参数进行距离估计,为了进一步地减小噪声等随机过程带来的定位误差,提出一种定位专用的定位坐标解迭代逼近算法,结果表明本系统在二维定位及三维定位均可实现很高的定位精度。     

基于蚁群算法的室内可见光高精度三维定位系统

为了提高室内定位精度,实现三维定位,提出一种基于蚁群算法的的可见光通信室内高精度三维定位系统。本系统采用了码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access,CDMA)调制技术,解决了室内可见光通信多信号源之间的符号间干扰.系统中与发光二极管(Light Emitting Diode,LED)光信号源地理位置相关的ID信息码经过直接扩频调制后加载至发光二极管驱动电路,以光信号的形式在室内传播.光信号经过放大、滤波、采样处理后,根据码分多址调制技术中扩频码的正交性恢复出ID信息及光强衰减信息.经过计算获得来自不同发光二极管的信号光强衰减因子,利用蚁群算法的全局搜索性确定最优定位点.引入误差修复因子,利用蚁群算法的并行搜索性对光强衰减因子偏差进行修正.仿真结果表明,信噪比为30dB,20dB,10dB的条件下,算法的定位精度分别为2cm,4cm,8cm.当计算的精度高于45cm时,蚁群算法定位解的搜索效率明显高于遍历法.在10dB的信噪比条件下,对光强衰减因子进行修正后100%的测试点都实现了5cm定位精度.实验结果表明,20dB信噪比条件下,92.59%的测试点的定位误差小于8cm,96.29%的测试点定位误差小于10cm,最大定位误差为11.30cm.经过误差修复后,96.2%的测试点实现了3cm的定位精度,61.6%的测试点实现了2cm的定位精度.本算法在实现了高精度定位,减少了获得最优定位解的计算量.     

基于能量最优的室内可见光通信LED布局EI北大核心CSCD

LED兼具照明和数据通信功能,在室内可见光通信(VLC)中,LED的布局对维持接收面上接收功率的稳定分布有重要作用。室内LED矩形布局下的接收功率分布并不能覆盖整个接收面,存在接收功率中断区,无法实现最优的VLC系统性能。考虑室内墙面及地板的一次反射,研究LED在不同位置的布局方案,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法分析LED布局方案,设计了能耗最小的LED圆形布局方案。仿真分析了LED矩形布局和圆形布局下的接收功率分布、信号中断率、能量损耗以及信噪比分布,仿真结果表明LED圆形布局的VLC系统性能优于矩形布局,需要的LED数量几乎为矩形布局的一半,减小了VLC系统的码间干扰。     

室内可见光通信复合光学接收端设计与分析

本文提出了一种适用于室内可见光通信的新型光学接收端的设计.根据复合抛物面聚光器的聚光特性,将光电探测器与复合抛物面聚光器耦合作为接收子单元,并将这些接收子单元按照特定的几何关系嵌入一个半球面中,得到角度分集型的复合光学接收端,达到水平方向360°,垂直方向180°的大视场.对每个接收单元接收到的光能量,低传输数据时进行相加求和作为最终的接收功率,高数据速率时取各个子单元的最大值作为接收功率.在一个5 m×5 m×3 m的空旷房间中,通过MATLAB对室内可见光通信系统建模仿真.计算结果表明,采用这种复合型光学接收端后,两种不同处理算法下的接收功率相对于直接接收分别提高了11.85和7.47 dB,增益分别为15.31和5.98.信噪比较高,两种情况下的平均值分别为79.17和72.26 dB,且接收信噪比分布平缓,波动较小.这说明采用本文设计的光学接收端,不仅能够得到较大的接收端视场角,同时获得较高的增益和接收功率,以及稳定的接收信噪比,避免了室内可见光通信系统中通信盲区的存在,保证了室内通信性能的稳定性.     

基于区域划分的自适应可见光定位算法研究

为了提高传统可见光定位算法的定位精度,提出一种基于区域划分的新型自适应可见光定位算法.在对单光源和多光源定位算法的研究基础上,设计基于对称结构接收机的两光源定位算法来弥补边缘区域的定位误差.依据上述三种算法在不同区域的定位误差分布特性,构建公平性函数,并结合朗伯辐射模型,将定位区域划分为多个子区域.在定位阶段,先根据接...     

基于可见光通信的室内两点定位算法研究

针对可见光通信中基于接收信号强度的三边定位法在实际中难以应用的现状,提出一种基于可见光通信的室内两点定位模型,只需2个LED,能够克服定位需要多灯环境的限制,同时定位接收端结构简单,不需以往研究中的复杂设计,只在平面上配置3个光电探测器即可。利用收发两端的位置关系计算坐标的可能解,以光电探测器组合成的三角形具有相对位置不变的性质作为判据,判断出真实坐标完成单点定位,最后进行加权定位提升鲁棒性。不降噪处理时,大小适中的接收端在5m×3m×3m的室内环境中,55%以上区域的定位精度在25cm以内,同时能够有效克服接收端水平旋转或上下抖动对定位效果的影响,具备实际应用价值。     

白光照明LED灯温度特性的研究

分析了荧光粉转换型白光LED照明光源色坐标、显色指数、色温和发光效率与驱动电流和温度的关系。驱动电流的增加将引起蓝光波峰的长移，并随电流的增大而增大；但其对色坐标、色温和显色指并未引起较大的变化，而发光效率发生下降，主要原因为蓝光波峰的红移导致荧光粉与激发波长的不匹配，引起荧光粉发光效率的下降，这个现象在不同环境温度下的发光也得到证实，实验结果认为LED的驱动电流为20mA，温度低于50℃时具有较好的发光效率，而显色指数要通过增加红色成分来改善。     

应用分集接收技术的LED可见光音频传输演示装置

演示装置通过在接收端以多个光敏二极管进行分集接收的形式完成信号接收,达到演示可见光光通信目的。该装置性能稳定、操作方便,能直观演示整个传输过程,能够使学生更深入全面地理解可见光通信技术的实际应用。     

Efficient transmission based on RGB LED lamp for indoor visible light communication

We investigate the multilevel modulation for red-green-blue light emitting diode (RGB LED). A simple approach for extracting soft values from the modulation is proposed. The mapping way from bits to the modulated symbols for the multilevel modulation is also investigated. The modified modulation is obtained through the brute force. Based on the Monte Carlo simulations, the proposed approach and modified modulation are confirmed and better bit error rate (BER) performances are obtained.     

基于LED照明与弱光收集的节能车灯双向二次配光设计

为进一步利用太阳能,提出了“双向”利用光线的LED车灯设计新理念。运用光路可逆原理与边缘光线原理,构造矩形复合抛物面,对LED车灯进行“双向”二次配光设计。计算了远光灯矩形复合抛物面反光杯所需的最大出光半角、理论长度,借助tracepro软件,模拟研究了该矩形复合抛物面结构的最高光通量、平均光通量、光通量利用率随长度的变化关系,进一步截取较理论长度综合光学性能更好的反光器应用长度L=130 mm,并在此长度下,模拟了该LED远光灯照度分布情况与弱光收集情况。该类型车灯的LED照明与弱光收集互为补充,双向提高了LED车灯空间重复利用率。在照明方面,该灯能够满足现行标准GB25991-2010的要求,相同照度下,照明范围更大;相同照明范围内,照度更高;在弱光收集方面,是对当前太阳能汽车非聚光模式收集太阳能的补充。     

A 3D indoor positioning system based on common visible LEDs

We propose a realistic 3D positioning system for indoor navigation that exploits visible Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), placed on the ceiling. A unique frequency tone is assigned to each lamp and modulates its intensity in periodic time slots. The Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) is measured without the need of a synchronization system between the sources and the receiver, then it is used to accurately estimate the receiver position. We first describe the theoretical approach, then propose the model and characterize the possible sources of noise. Finally, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept of the proposed system by simulation of lightwave propagation. Namely, we assess its performance by using Montecarlo simulations in a common room and estimate the impact of the different implementation parameters on the accuracy of the proposed solution. We find that, in realistic conditions, the technique allows for centimeter precision. Pushing the device requirements, the precision can be further increased to a sub-centimeter accuracy.     

Model-based light stripe detection for indoor navigation

Light stripe projection (LSP) is one of the most robust 3D recognition methods, and the general method of light stripe feature (LSF) detection is Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG) filtering. If distances to objects are various, as in the case of indoor navigation, LSF width becomes various according to distance. As the window size of spatial filtering influences the performance significantly, various LSF widths disturb LOG-based LSF detection with constant base length, that is constant window size. The irradiance maps of LSFs were reconstructed by high dynamic range imaging (HDRi) while changing the distance. By analyzing the irradiance maps, LSF irradiance map was modeled as a 2D Gaussian function whose parameters were approximated as functions of distance. After deriving LSF width function of distance, it was transformed into LSF width function of pixel coordinates by one-to-one relation between distance and y coordinates in LSP. The LSF width function can provide proper base length to LOG filtering. A self-calibration procedure is proposed which can estimate the parameters of LSF width function with only several images captured at new environment. Experimental results show that proposed model-based LSF detection overcomes normal LOG-based LSF detection.     

Independent reflecting element interaction characterization for indoor visible light communication based on new generation lighting

Indoor visible light communication （VLC） based on next generation environmentally friendly lighting is important in energy conservation. However, at present, the efficient characterization of VLC channels, including sophisticated reflection, has not yet been proposed. In this letter, we present a fast and comparably accurate channel characterization algorithm called independent reflecting element interaction characterization （IREIC）, which can be used to describe optical power, illuminance, and impulse response.     

Improved spring model-based collaborative indoor visible light positioning

Gaining accuracy with indoor positioning of individuals is important as many location-based services rely on the user’s current position to provide them with useful services. Many researchers have studied indoor positioning techniques based on WiFi and Bluetooth. However, they have disadvantages such as low accuracy or high cost. In this paper, we propose an indoor positioning system in which visible light radiated from light-emitting diodes is used to locate the position of receivers. Compared with existing methods using light-emitting diode light, we present a high-precision and simple implementation collaborative indoor visible light positioning system based on an improved spring model. We first estimate coordinate position information using the visible light positioning system, and then use the spring model to correct positioning errors. The system can be employed easily because it does not require additional sensors and the occlusion problem of visible light would be alleviated. We also describe simulation experiments, which confirm the feasibility of our proposed method.     

Visible light communication system based on spread spectrum technology for intelligent transportation

In recent years, with the rapid development of the solid state Light emitting diodes (LED’s) material, visible light communication has vast applications in transportation system. Generally, LED visible light communication refers to the communication technology which utilizes LED as a signal transmitter, the air as a transmission medium, and the photodiode as a signal receiving component. Visible light communication based on LED light source has been widespread concerned in intelligent transportation system (ITS). In particular, it is used to solve the communication problems between traffic lights and vehicles. However, signal source switching always puzzles the application of visible light communication based on LED in ITS. If signal source switching is not solved effectively, it will result in the interruption of information transmission. The paper proposes a visible light communication system using spread spectrum technology and pulse position modulation. When the vehicle is at the crossroads, the receiver on the vehicle receives signals from the four LED traffic lights at the same time. During the movement of the vehicle, the peak value of the four signals received by the receiver is constantly changing. The receiver detects the relevant peaks from the four traffic light signals and communicates with the traffic lights which have the maximum correlation peak. The problem of signal source switching is solved effectively. The experimental results show that the proposed system can achieve seamless switching between four-way LED traffic lights at the crossing, and the bit error rate of the system is 10^?4–10^?7.     

LED阵列光源的舞台灯变焦透镜系统

 针对国内大功率LED阵列光源舞台灯具在光束角度不可变和光能利用效率低等问题,提出利用透镜组变焦原理来设计阵列光源变焦透镜系统。基于透镜组变焦原理设计了单颗LED光源的变焦透镜组,高级光学系统分析模拟软件ASAP的计算结果显示：调焦范围为0~10 mm时,出光角度（1/10峰值角）的变化范围为18.5°~38.7°,光能利用效率在调焦距离为10 mm时达到78%以上。在此基础上,将单颗LED光源的变焦透镜组扩展为Red、Green、Blue各12颗共36颗LED的变焦透镜系统,进一步分析36颗LED阵列光源在不同排布方式下的出光角度及混色效果。ASAP计算结果显示：在调焦范围与单颗LED相同的情况下,LED阵列光源变焦透镜系统的出光角度（1/10峰值角）的变化范围为21°~38.6°,且3种颜色LED交叉排列的混色效果较好。由LED阵列的计算结果可知,与国内现有的大功率LED舞台灯具相比,在出光角度的变化范围和光能利用效率方面都得到了提高。