电化学传感分析复方金银花药剂中木犀草素含量

采用循环伏安法制备了聚多巴胺修饰电极，并在NaOH溶液中进行电化学活化，得到木犀草素电化学传感器。通过循环伏安法探讨了木犀草素在传感界面的电化学反应机理。结果显示，活化后的多巴胺修饰电极对木犀草素具有显著的电催化作用，氧化峰电流较裸电极增强了91.7%。在最佳条件下，通过微分脉冲伏安法，建立了木犀草素氧化峰电流与浓度的标准工作曲线，线性范围为0.10～200.00μmol/L，检出限为31.65 nmol/L。将该传感器应用于市售金银花颗粒样品和金银花露样品中木犀草素测定，根据反向延伸法，计算得样品中木犀草素含量分别为297μg/g和2.15μg/mL；标准加入法回收率分别为98.5%～115.0%和93.6%～111.5%。     

木犀草素在离子液体修饰电极上的电催化氧化及其测定

用1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM]PF₆)疏水性离子液体修饰玻碳电极,在0.2 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH为4.0～8.0)中,运用循环伏安法（CV）和差示脉冲溶出伏安法(DPSV)研究了木犀草素在修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定木犀草素含量的新方法。 实验结果表明,该修饰电极上木犀草素氧化、还原峰电位均负移,峰电流增大。 在-0.2～0.7 V电位区间,pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液体系中,木犀草素在修饰电极表面发生的是受吸附控制的准可逆等电子等质子电极反应,电子转移系数α=0.5,吸附量为4.6×10-10 mol/cm²;木犀草素氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10^-10～1.6×10^-8 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达到3.2×10^-11 mol/L,回收率为98.7%～102.0%;该法操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确;可用于野菊花中类黄酮的测定。     

碳纳米管修饰电极的孔性界面对电分离多巴胺和抗坏血酸的影响

制备了碳纳米管修饰电极(镶嵌、涂层),并研究了电分离多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)的机理.结果表明,该电极的表面有一个多孔性的立体界面层,不仅对DA和AA具有较强的电催化作用,而且二者的氧化峰电位差(ΔE_pa)达250mV以上.用循环伏安法和差示脉冲伏安法研究了影响ΔE_pa的因素.分散剂的种类对ΔE_pa有很大的影响;多层碳纳米管的管径对ΔE_pa的影响较小,碳纳米管的种类(单层、多层、螺旋型多层)则有一定的区别;同一种碳纳米管经不同氧化强度的酸截短后,对ΔE_pa产生了明显影响.这说明修饰电极的界面性质对电分离DA和AA有较大的影响.     

pH柔性膜电极的制作与表征

采用木犀草素为pH值选择性试剂,石墨粉为导电基质,PVC为成膜材料,自制无毒无害的pH柔性膜电极(pH flexible electrode,pH/FE)。该电极有一个氧化峰,它的峰电位对2.00~9.00范围内的pH值有线性响应,并且具有弯曲度好、抗拉伸性强、溶胀性能稳定、准确度高,选择性好等性能。此电极有望作为柔性检测器件用于非平面介质表面液层pH值的测定。     

木犀草素的电化学性质及在其测定中的应用

对木犀草素在单纯水溶液介质中的电化学行为作了研究。结果表明:在pH4.0的B-R缓冲溶液作底液的条件下,得到峰形对称的木犀草素的可逆氧化还原峰。循环伏安法(CV)试验结果表明:其在玻碳电极表面的电极反应受吸附所控制。用积分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了氧化峰电流(ipa)与木犀草素浓度(cLu)之间的关系,结果表明:木犀草素浓度在8.0×10-8～8.0×10-6mol.L-1之间呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为7.14×10-8mol.L-1,回收率在98.5%～104.0%之间。用线性扫描伏安当(LSV)试验表明:当cLu为4.14×10-5mol.L-1时,ipa达到最大值。据此按公式Q=nFAΓT可算出饱和吸附量ΓT为6.21×10-10mol.cm-2。根据Laviron原理和Langmuir吸附等温式可算出如下电极过程热力学参数,参与氧化还原过程的电子数n=2,电极反应质子数=2,转移系数a=0.90,表现电子传递速率常数ks=2.96s-1,对电极反应的机理也作了简要讨论。     

石墨烯-聚三聚氰胺修饰电极制备及对水果酸度测定

采用滴涂法和电聚合法,依次将石墨烯(GS)和三聚氰胺(Mel)修饰到玻碳电极表面,制备了电化学性能良好的石墨烯-聚三聚氰胺(GS/pMel)复合薄膜修饰电极。利用循环伏安法考察了该修饰电极在不同pH值的缓冲溶液中的电化学行为,在循环伏安图中可见与pH相关的一对氧化还原峰,且氧化峰电位与溶液的pH值在1.93～12.53范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9969,响应斜率约为58 mV/pH。GS/pMel复合薄膜修饰电极成功地应用于果汁及水果活体的酸度测定,电极性能稳定,测量结果具有高度的重复性、稳定性和准确性。该修饰电极可广泛应用于果蔬活体酸度的直接测定。     

木犀草素在玻碳电极上的直接电化学行为及其测定

应用循环伏安法研究木犀草素于玻碳电极的电化学行为.在磷酸盐缓冲液中(pH 4.0),-0.2~+0.8V电位区间内,木犀草素于玻碳电极表面发生的电极反应是吸附控制的准可逆2电子转移过程,电子转移系数α=0.66;建立了检测木犀草素含量的差示脉冲伏安法(DPV).在富集电位+0.4 V下,经富集240 s后,测得木犀草素氧化峰电流Ip与其浓度在1.0×10-8~1.0×10-6mol.L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限为5.0×10-9mol.L-1.本法操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确,可为木犀草素药物质量的控制和检测提供一种简便的新方法.     

碳纤维微电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

采用碳纤维微电极对1.0×10-4 mol/L对乙酰氨基酚(ACOP)标准品(用pH=7.2的Tris-HCl稀释)采用差分脉冲法和循环伏安扫描法进行连续测定,考察了响应电流的变化.实验研究了缓冲溶液pH对ACOP氧化峰电流的影响以及ACOP氧化峰电流与扫速的关系.结果表明,用pH=10.0的Tris-HCl稀释溶液的测定结果稳定性最佳.ACOP的氧化峰电流与扫速的平方根成正比,其线性回归方程为:Ip(A)=5×10-10 V1/2(mV/s)+1×10-8,相关系数r=0.998 6,碳纤维微电极上的ACOP的氧化过程受扩散控制.采用差示脉冲伏安法对ACOP标准品氧化峰电流与浓度的关系进行定量分析,在1×10-7~1×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内,ACOP的氧化峰电流与其浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性回归方程:Ip(A)=7×10-5 c(mol/L)+5×10-11,线性相关系数r=0.999 0.该法可用于ACOP样品的分析测定,结果令人满意.     

硫堇衍生化自组装膜修饰金电极的电化学性质及其对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化

将硫堇共价键合到自组装在金电极表面的半胱胺单分子层上,制成了衍生化自组装单分子膜修饰电极,并用电化学方法研究了它的电化学性质.循环伏安图显示其在pH＝7.7的磷酸盐缓冲液中,于－0.45～＋0.50V(vs.SCE)范围内有2对氧化还原峰.峰电位分别为E_pa¹＝214mV。E_pc¹＝82mV,E_pa2＝－75mV,E_pc2＝－160mV(vs.SCE).pH在5.0～9.0范围内,峰1有2个质子参与反应,峰2有1个质子参与反应.它的表面电子转移速率常数k_s＝0.02S^－1.此膜对抗坏血酸的氧化有催化作用,其氧化过电位较在裸金电极上降低了约250mV.催化电流与抗坏血酸的浓度在1.0×10^-6～4.0×10^-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系.抗坏血酸催化氧化的异相速率常数为2.68×10^-3cm/s.     

酞菁钴－表面活性剂薄膜修饰电极及其催化性能

将酞菁钴(CoPc)掺入阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)的氯仿溶液,并涂布于热解石墨电极表面,待氯仿挥发后即制得CoPc-DDAB薄膜电极。循环伏安实验表明,在KBr溶液中,该薄膜电极有一对良好且稳定的还原氧化峰,E_pc=-0.45V,E_pa=-0.24V(vs.SCE).探讨了该体系的电化学行为,估计了该体系的电化学参数。可将该薄膜电极用于催化卤代乙酸的电化学还原。     

Anodic square-wave stripping voltammetric analysis of epinephrine using carbon fiber microelectrode

The behavior of epinephrine on a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) was studied with cyclic voltammetry and square-wave (SW) stripping voltammetry in order to find optimum conditions for its analysis using the CFME. An anodic stripping peak at about 0.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was utilized. Under optimum conditions for anodic stripping (a pH value of 7.4, a deposition potential of − 0.5 V, a deposition time of 90 s, a final potential of 0.8 V, a SW frequency of 20 Hz, a step potential of 5 mV, and an amplitude of 45 mV), the calibration was linear in the concentration range of 0.0∼0.4 mg/L, and the detection limit was found to be 0.009 mg/L with a relative standard deviation 0.18% (n = 12) at 0.2 mg/L. The analytical performance of the CMFE, which is unmodified, is comparable to or better than other voltammetric results with various modified electrodes.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Mitoxantrone and Its Determination at a Pt／C Implanted Modified Microelectrode

In a 0.02 mol/L Na2HPO4-KH2PO4(PBS) buffer solution(pH=6.82), the electrochemical behavior of mitoxantrone was studied by linear-sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry at a Pt/C ion implantation modified microelectrode. A sensitive reduction peak was observed. The peak potential was -0.72 V(vs.SCE), the peak current was proportional to the concentration of mitoxantrone within the ranges of 7.0×10-8-9.0×10-7 mol/L and 1.0×10-6-2.4×10-5 mol/L, with a detection limit of 4.0×10-8 mol/L. The linear correlation coefficients were 0.9994 and 0.9992, respectively. This method has been applied to the direct determination of mitoxantrone in simulated urine. The recoveries were in the range from 96.2% to 105.9%. The reduction process was a quasi-reversible one with adsorptive characteristics at the Pt/C microelectrode. The electrode reaction rate constant ks and the electron transfer coefficient α of the system were determined to be 4.5 and 0.65 s-1, respectively. The experiments showed that Pt element had surely been implanted into the surface of the carbon fiber, and the atomic Pt improved the electrocatalytic activity. The Pt/C microelectrode had a good stability and reproducibility.     

基于氧化锌/碳纳米纤维材料的氧氟沙星电化学传感器的构建及应用

通过静电纺丝技术合成碳纳米纤维,以循环伏安法在此碳纤维上电聚合乙酸锌制备复合纳米材料作为一种新型的电化学增敏剂,用于修饰玻碳电极,开发了一种基于碳纤维和氧化锌复合材料的新型电化学传感器(ZnO/CNF/GCE)。使用循环伏安法、差分脉冲伏安法等进行电化学催化性能的研究,并优化实验条件。结果表明,与裸电极相比,在pH 5.5磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,ZnO/CNF/GCE修饰电极能使氧氟沙星的峰电流明显提升,线性范围1~200μmol/L,检测限为0.33μmol/L。该ZnO/CNF/GCE修饰电极已用于氧氟沙星滴耳液中氧氟沙星的含量测定。     

A nickel nanoparticle/carbon nanotube-modified carbon fiber microelectrode for sensitive insulin detection

A nickel nanoparticle (NiNP)/carbon nanotube (CNT)-modified carbon fiber microelectrode (NiNPs/CNTs/CFME) was fabricated using a two-step electroless plating/chemical vapor deposition method. The morphology of the NiNPs/CNTs composite structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and its elemental composition was characterized by an energy dispersive spectrometer. The electrochemical behavior of the NiNPs/CNTs/CFME in aqueous alkaline solutions of insulin was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in sequence. CV curves show that the NiNPs/CNTs/CFME displays a high oxidation peak current, a fast electron transfer rate, and good electrocatalytic activity towards insulin, compared to a bare CFME and a pure NiNP-modified CFME. In the chronoamperometry tests, the NiNPs/CNTs/CFME demonstrates an excellent analytical performance in detecting low concentrations of insulin, including good sensitivity (1.11 nA μM^?1) and a low detection limit (270 nM). Moreover, this microelectrode exhibits great reproducibility in successive potential cycling and satisfactory long-term stability after storage at room temperature for approximately 8 weeks.     

Electrospun Pd nanoparticles loaded on Vulcan carbon/ conductive polymeric ionic liquid nanofibers for selective and sensitive determination of tramadol

In the present work a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on a glassy carbon electrode which has been modified with Pd nanoparticles loaded on Vulcan carbon/conductive polymeric ionic liquid composite nanofibers. The nanostructures were characterized by UV–Vis, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX and XRD techniques. The electrochemical study of the modified electrode, as well as its efficiency for the electrooxidation of tramadol was described in 0.1 M phosphate buffered solution (PBS) (pH 7.0) using cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and square wave voltammetry as diagnostic techniques. It has been found that application of the composite nanofibers result in a sensitivity enhancement and a considerable decrease in the anodic overpotential, leading to negative shifts about 200 mV in peak potential. The results exhibit a linear dynamic range from 0.05 μM to 200 μM and a detection limit of 0.015 μM for tramadol. Finally, the modified electrode was used for the determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical and biological samples.     

乙酰胆碱酯酶催化水解产物的电化学行为

报道了乙酰硫代胆碱水解产物硫代胆碱在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。以乙酰硫代胆碱作底物,在一定条件下乙酰胆碱酯酶催化底物水解,生成电活性物质硫代胆碱。利用循环伏安法和线性扫描伏安法研究了酶催化水解产物硫代胆碱在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:在0.1mol/L的B-R缓冲溶液(pH7.0)中,硫代胆碱有一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位EP=0.32V(vs.SCE);该体系属具有吸附性的不可逆过程。实验测得电子转移数为2,电极反应速率常数k=0.29s-1。     

吡柔比星在钴离子注入修饰微电极上电化学行为及其应用

吡柔比星在0.1mol/LHAc-NaAc(pH=5.05)缓冲溶液中,用Co离子注入修饰碳纤维微电极进行研究,得到一良好的还原峰,峰电位Ep=-0.520V(vs.SCE).峰电流与吡柔比星浓度在1.0×10^-7～6.0×10^-6mol/L范围内成线性关系,检出限为5.0×10^-8mol/L.用于病人尿样测定,回收率在91.6%～106.7%之间.吡柔比星的还原为可逆吸附过程,伴随着两个电子、两个氢离子参加电极反应.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和俄歇电子能谱(AES)两种表面分析技术对Co离子注入修饰微电极的表面状况、表面元素组成及深度分布进行测定.实验表明,Co离子确实被注入到碳纤维表面上.扫速对催化效率的影响实验证明体系存在催化作用.     

pMB/MWNTs/GC电极对水体中苯二酚异构体的同时测定

通过在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上电聚合亚甲基蓝,制备了聚亚甲基蓝/碳纳米管/玻碳电极(pMB/MWNTs/GC)。用循环伏安法研究了3种苯二酚异构体在该电极上的电化学行为,结果表明,在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,该修饰电极对苯二酚异构体的氧化表现出优异的电催化性能和选择性,对苯二酚、邻苯二酚和间苯二酚的氧化峰分别为0.104、0.203、0.609 V(vs.SCE),峰电位差值分别为99、406 mV。基于苯二酚异构体在pMB/MWNTs/GC修饰电极上的伏安行为,建立了苯二酚3种异构体同时分析的新方法。考察了各影响因素对测定的影响,最优实验条件下,在5.0×10-6~1.5×10-4mol.L-1范围内,3种苯二酚异构体的阳极峰电流与其浓度存在线性关系,检出限均为1.0×10-6mol.L-1。将该法用于水体及冲洗废液中苯二酚异构体含量的测定,结果满意。     

Sensitive determination of dopamine in the presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid using TiO2 nanotubes modified with Pd, Pt and Au nanoparticles

A simple modified TiO(2) nanotubes electrode was fabricated by electrodeposition of Pd, Pt and Au nanoparticles. The TiO(2) nanotubes electrode was prepared using the anodizing method, followed by modifying Pd nanoparticles onto the tubes surface, offering a uniform conductive surface for electrodeposition of Pt and Au. The performance of the modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry methods. The Au/Pt/Pd/TiO(2) NTs modified electrode represented a high sensitivity towards individual detection of dopamine as well as simultaneous detection of dopamine and uric acid using 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.00) as the base solution. In both case, electro-oxidation peak currents of dopamine were linearly related to accumulated concentration over a wide concentration range of 5.0 × 10(-8) to 3.0 × 10(-5) M. However in the same range of dopamine concentration, the sensitivity had a significant loss at Pt/Pd/TiO(2) NTs electrode, suggesting the necessity for Au nanoparticles in modified electrode. The limit of the detection was determined as 3 × 10(-8) M for dopamine at signal-to-noise ratio equal to 3. Furthermore, the Au/Pt/Pd/TiO(2) NTs modified electrode was able to distinguish the oxidation response of dopamine, uric acid and ascorbic acid in mixture solution of different acidity. It was shown that the modified electrode possessed a very good reproducibility and long-term stability. The method was also successfully applied for determination of DA in human urine samples with satisfactory results.