Preparation and In Vitro Degradation Behavior of Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) by Direct-Melt Polycondensation

Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)copolymer (85/15) was prepared by direct-melt polycondensation instead of a ring-opening process. The polymer samples were hydrolyzed at 37°C in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for periods up to 10 weeks and the degradation behavior was characterized through weight average molecular mass change, mass loss, water uptake, and morphology. The results indicate that mass loss, weight average molecular mass, and water uptake of PLGA increase with increasing time; however, pH value of the PBS solution decreases. The degradation is heterogeneous—degradation in their central parts was faster than in the surface and regions due to the increased concentration of the acidic degradation products inside.     

Influence of Nano-Bioactive Glass (NBG) Content on Properties of Gelatin-Hyaluronic Acid/NBG Composite Scaffolds

The development of three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds with highly open porous structure is one of the most important issues in tissue engineering. A novel nanocomposite scaffold of gelatin (Gel), hyaluronic acid (HA), and nano-bioactive glass (NBG) was prepared by blending NBG with a Gel and HA solution followed by lyophilization. The effects of NBG content on the properties of the Gel-HA/NBG composite scaffolds, including the morphologies, porosity, compressive strength, swelling behavior, cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, were investigated. Porous composite scaffolds with interconnected pores were obtained and the pores became cylindrical with increasing NBG content. The porosity percent and swelling ability decreased with increasing NBG content; however, the compressive strength, cell viability and ALP activity were enhanced. All the results showed the addition of NBG particles can improve the physicochemical and biological properties and the Gel-HA/NBG composite scaffolds exhibited good potential for tissue engineering applications.     

Preparation,Thermostability, and Degradation In Vitro of Polylactides Bearing Porphyrins

Polylactide (PLA) bearing hemin coupling moieties was prepared by a reaction between the two carboxylic groups of hemin and amino groups of amino-terminated PLA and characterized by UV-Vis, IR, and ¹H NMR spectra and gel permeation chromatography. Blank microparticles and microparticles loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA), both of PLA bearing hemin, were prepared and characterized by solid UV-Vis spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of hemin on thermostability and degradation of microparticles of PLA were studied using TGA and a degradation experiment in vitro. These experiments showed that the introduction of porphyrin rings into PLA molecules led to the reduction of thermostability, a greater degradation of the polymer than the original polymer under the same condition in vitro, and a higher ability of the polymer binding to BSA molecules. These results should be of use in biodegradable polymer design and photodynamic therapy studies of porphyrin derivatives.     

A Comparative Study on In vitro Degradation Behaviors of Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) Scaffolds and Films

In vitro degradation behaviors of three-dimensional porous scaffolds and films made from amorphous poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (85/15) were systematically investigated up to 12 weeks in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution at 37°C. The following properties of the scaffolds and films were compared as a function of degradation time: pH value of PBS, water uptake, weight, molecular mass and its distribution, and morphology. The results show that the films degraded much faster than the scaffolds. The film's degradation was heterogenous due to the increased concentration of the acidic degradation products inside. However, owing to much thinner pore walls, heterogenous degradation due to the autocatalytic effect was not observed in the scaffolds.     

Interaction of Salicylic Acid with Bovine Hemoglobin and Effect of the Coexistent Metal Ion on the Reaction

The interaction between bovine hemoglobin (BHb) and salicylic acid (SA) was investigated at different temperatures by fluorescence spectroscopy, as was the effect of common metal ions (Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺) on the BHb–SA system. Results showed that the quenching mechanism of SA on BHb was a static quenching process. The electrostatic force played an important role in the conjugation reaction between BHb and SA. Besides, the values of Hill's coefficients were approximately equal to 1. Synchronous and CD spectra revealed that the microenvironment and the conformation of BHb were changed during the binding reaction.     

Influence of Addition of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) on the Properties of Collagen/HA Composite Scaffolds

In order to develop a scaffolding material for tissue regeneration, porous matrices containing varying composites of collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) (from 1:0 to 0:1) were fabricated using a freeze-drying method. The effect of the composition on the morphology, hydrophilicity, swelling behavior, mechanical properties, and in vitro cytotoxicity was investigated. The results showed that all the scaffolds had an interconnected pore structure with sufficient pore size for use as a support for the growth of fibroblasts. The addition of HA improved the swelling property, but reduced the compressive strength. The contact angle decreased with increasing HA content. In in vitro cytotoxicity tests using fibroblastic cells, the collagen/HA scaffolds showed no toxicity. All these results suggest that collagen/HA composite scaffolds are a potential candidate for tissue engineering scaffolds.     

Synthesis of Amide Compounds of Ferulic Acid and Their Association with Bovine Serum Albumin

ABSTRACT

In this work, three new amide compounds of ferulic acid (FA) were synthesized. The fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy were explored to study the interactions between three amide compounds of FA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under imitated physiological conditions. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence quenching mechanism between BSA and three amide compounds of FA were mainly static quenching and nonradiation energy transfer at 25°C, 30°C, and 37°C. The Stern–Volmer quenching constants, the binding constants, and the number of binding sites and corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS were calculated at different temperatures. From the thermodynamic parameters, we concluded that the action force was mainly a hydrophobic interaction. According to the F?rster theory of nonradiation energy transfer, the binding distances (r) between BSA and amide compounds are less than 7 nm. Furthermore, the effects of amide compounds on the conformation of BSA were analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

Particle Size Influence on the Effective Permeability of Composite Materials

The energy method, which estimates the effective permeability of composite material is proposed. We approximate the effective static magnetic permeability by energy method and Maxwell-Garnett method for spherical particles dispersing system. Considering the effect of the interface layer between the medium and the particle, we study the nanoparticles embedded in a medium exactly. The interface layer property plays a significant factor for the effective permeability of the composite material in which nano-sized particles embedded.     

基于体外消化模型的香蕉果肉中可溶态Ca含量分析

在香蕉果肉可溶态Ca含量分析过程中,引入体外消化模型进行预处理,采用AA700型火焰原子吸收分光光度计测量Ca含量。结果表明:(1)八成熟香蕉果肉中Ca含量为1.479 mg.g-1,平行分析实验结果RSD为4.12%;(2)八成熟香蕉果肉经过体外消化模型处理后,可溶态和不溶态Ca含量分别为1.108和0.412 mg.g-1,Ca溶解率和残留率分别为74.9%和27.8%,Ca主要以可溶态形式存在;(3)Ca溶解率和残留率平行实验结果的RSD分别为2.56%和9.10%,说明体外消化模型的引入并没有对实验方法精密度产生显著影响,且溶解率和残留率之和与理论值的误差仅为2.7%,进一步说明在食品微量元素形态分离分析过程中引入体外消化模型可行;(4)Ca测试方法的精密度和回收实验表明,样品回收率为99.2%,RSD为0.11%(n=9)。     

In-Vitro Degradation Behaviors of Composite Scaffolds Based on 1,4-Butadnediamine Modified Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and Nanobioceramics

In-vitro degradation behaviors of composite scaffold materials composed of 1,4-butanediamine modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (BMPLGA), nanobioactive glass (NBG) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) were systematically investigated in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at 37?°C. The properties of the BMPLGA/NBG-β-TCP and BMPLGA scaffolds, including the changes of pH value, mass, water uptake, compressive strength and molecular mass, were investigated as a function of degradation time. The results showed that the introduction of the NBG and β-TCP particles played important roles in the degradation of BMPLGA matrix. The degradation rate of the BMPLGA/NBG-β-TCP scaffolds was slower than that of the BMPLGA scaffolds.     

Fabrication of Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Microspheres and Degradation Characteristics in vitro

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, 75/25) microspheres were prepared by the emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation technique and their degradation behaviors in vitro at 37°C were investigated. PLGA microspheres with a smooth and nonporous surface were obtained, with a mean particle size of 114.15 μm. It was observed that mass loss and water uptake of PLGA increased with increasing degradation time; however, weight average molecular weight and the pH value of the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution decreased. The observed relative rates of mass loss vs. molecular weight decreases were consistent with the explanation that PLGA underwent bulk degradation rather than surface degradation. During the degradation time, the surface of the PLGA microspheres became coarse and there were many micropores that developed upon immersion in the PBS. The microspheres lost their spherical form with increasing degradation time.     

马兜铃酸与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用研究

以荧光猝灭方法研究了模拟生理条件下马兜铃酸与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。研究发现：马兜铃酸与牛血清白蛋白有强的结合,结合位置与色氨酸残基间的距离r为2.8 nm;以已知结合位置的标记药物为探针,确定了马兜铃酸与BSA的结合位置为亚结构域ⅢA;利用CD和FTIR技术考察了马兜铃酸对牛血清白蛋白二级结构的影响,CD结果表明马兜铃酸与BSA的键合使BSA中α-螺旋结构含量从43.5%降到36.7%。     

Study on the Compatibility of SMA and Composite Materials by Holographic Interferometry

With the help of holographic interferometry a study is conducted on the compatibility of SMA (shape memory alloy) and epoxy resin composite material. The paper gives experiment results and analysis which show that after coupling SMA with the composite material, the flexural rigidity of composite material is somewhat reinforced. Under certain conditions, SMA and the epoxy resin composite material are compatible.     

Study on the Compatibility of SMA and Composite Materials by Holographic Interferometry

With the help of holographic interferometry a study is conducted on the compatibility of SMA (shape memory alloy) and epoxy resin composite material. The paper gives experiment results and analysis which show that after coupling SMA with the composite material, the flexural rigidity of composite material is somewhat reinforced. Under certain conditions, SMA and the epoxy resin composite material are compatible.     

硼酸掺量对SrAl2O4长余辉发光材料的发光性能影响

用燃烧法制备了Eu2 ,Dy3 共掺杂SrAl2O4长余辉发光材料,研究了不同硼酸掺量对Eu2 ,Dy3 共掺杂SrAl2O4长余辉发光材料发光性能的影响。为了分析B2O3在材料制备中的作用,用XRD对所合成材料进行物相分析,用荧光光谱仪记录其发射光谱,并在暗室里拍摄紫外激发下的发光照片。结果表明:硼酸掺量为0.8的样品的发光光谱,其发射峰峰值位于518 nm,是典型的Eu2 的4f5d→4f的特征发射,为一宽谱带发光光谱。硼酸掺量为2的样品的发光光谱,其在518 nm位置的峰十分弱,而在487 nm处同时出现了一个弱峰,整个谱线呈一斜坡状。随着硼酸加入量的不同,Eu2 ,Dy3 共掺杂铝酸锶的发光效果、形貌特征均不同。在某一范围内,随着硼酸添加量的增加,合成了发光主晶相,烧结温度有所降低,材料的发光性能和发光亮度均有所提高。     

水杨酸与牛血清蛋白相互作用的荧光光谱研究

应用荧光光谱研究了水杨酸与牛血清蛋白 (BSA)分子间的相互作用。研究表明 :水杨酸对BSA内源荧光的猝灭机制属于形成化合物所引起的静态猝灭 ,猝灭常数Ksv 为 1 0 97× 10 4 (mol·L- 1 ) - 1 ;水杨酸与BSA反应的结合常数为 7 377× 10 4 ,结合位点数为 1,当水杨酸浓度较低 (摩尔比小于 1∶1)时 ,它与Trp残基或其附近基团结合但并不引起Trp残基微环境的改变 ;根据F rster非辐射能量转移理论 ,计算了授体 受体间的结合距离和能量转移效率     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Optical Properties of Poly(o-methoxyaniline)/BaFe12O19 Composite via an In Situ Polymerization Pathway

Poly(o-methoxyaniline)(POMA)/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ composite was synthesized via a facile in situ polymerization approach for the first time. The structures of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, which indicated the existence of BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particles in the composite. The morphology of the as-prepared samples was observed by using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which revealed that the POMA/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ composite appeared in the form of a general pseudo-sphere-like shape and consisted of numerous highly aggregated globules with rough surfaces. The optical properties of the POMA/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ composite were further investigated by UV-vis spectra. The decrease of band gap for the POMA/BaFe₁₂O₁₉ composite revealed that electronic structure of POMA was affected by BaFe₁₂O₁₉ particles.     

Uptake and Intracellular Fate of Peptide Surface‐Functionalized Silica Hybrid Magnetic Nanoparticles In Vitro

Recently, the use of nanomaterials as intracellular targeting tools for theranostics has gained heightened interest. Despite the clear advantages posed by surface‐functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) in this regard, limited understanding currently exists due to difficulties in reliably synthesizing NPs with surface functionalizations adequate for use in such applications, as well as the manner of analytics used to assess the cellular uptake and intracellular localization of these NPs. In the present study, two key surface functionalities (a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and integrin‐ligand (cRGD)) are attached to the surface of multifunctional, silica hybrid magnetic nanoparticles (SHMNPs) containing a polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer coating using a well‐described, reliable, and reproducible microreactor set‐up. Subsequent analytical interpretation, via laser scanning confocal, transmission electron and dark‐field microscopy, as well as flow cytometry, of the interaction of SHMNPs‐PEG‐cRGD‐NLS with macrophage (J774A.1) and epithelial (HeLa) cells shows internalization of the SHMNPs‐PEG‐cRGD‐NLS in both cell types up to 24 h after 20 μg mL^?1 exposure, as well as increasing aggregation inside of vesicles over this time period. The findings of this study show that by incorporating a variety of state‐of‐the‐art analytical and imaging approaches, it is possible to determine the specific effectiveness of surface peptide and ligand sequences upon multifunctional SHMNPs.     

拉曼光谱和MLS-SVR的食用油脂肪酸含量预测研究

为实现食用植物油中饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸含量的快速预测,对一批纯食用油以及不同比例两两混合油共91个样品进行了拉曼光谱检测,在800～2 000 cm-1范围内,通过基于寻峰算法的自动确定支点的基线拟合方法,对获得的光谱数据进行预处理,提取八个特征峰作为拉曼光谱的特征值。以这些特征值为输入,以样品油中实际饱和脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸含量为输出,运用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)和多输出最小二乘支持向量回归机(MLS-SVR)方法,分别建立了可以同时预测三种脂肪酸含量的数学模型,结果表明MLS-SVR方法具有较好的效果。将MLS-SVR模型的预测结果与气相色谱法结果相比较,可得到三种脂肪酸的预测均方根误差分别为0.496 7%,0.840 0%和1.019 9%,相关系数分别为0.813 3,0.999 2和0.998 1;对未知样品三种脂肪酸的预测均方根误差不超过5%。表明,拉曼光谱和MLS-SVR相结合的食用油脂肪酸含量预测方法,具有快速、简便、无损、准确等优点,为食用油脂肪酸含量分析提供了一种可行的方法。     

Swelling Properties and Environmental Responsiveness of Superabsorbent Composite Based on Starch-G-Poly Acrylic Acid/Organo-Zeolite

Star-g-poly (acrylic acid)/organo-zeolite 4A (S-g-PAA/OZ) superabsorbent composite was prepared by grafting partially neutralized acrylic acid onto starch in the presence of organo-zeolite 4A (OZ) as an inorganic component. The morphology was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis revealed the fine distribution of OZ in superabsorbent composite. The swelling kinetics of the composites were characterized by means of a Schott's second-order model. The effect of OZ concentration in the composite on the water absorbency and swelling behavior were tested. The swelling properties of the composites were evaluated in various environments; pH, salinity, temperature, urea solution, and solvent-water mixtures. The activation energy (ΔE) for water during the swelling process was also determined through Arrhenius plots. The results showed that the proper amount of OZ was beneficial for improvement of the water absorbent capacity and the initial swelling rate in distilled water. The optimum prepared composite with 10 wt % OZ, possessed the maximum water absorption (511g/g) in distilled water and (521 g/g) in 0.1 wt % urea solution. The results inferred that S-g-PAA/OZ superabsorbent composite can be exploited for agriculture and medical applications.