氧化锌纳米粒子与叶绿素a相互作用机制

通过测量叶绿素a苯溶液中加入溶胶-凝胶法制备的氧化锌纳米粒子后的紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱的变化,研究得出两者通过静电作用相结合,而且由于氧化锌的导带顶低于叶绿素a的第一激发态能级,所以能够产生界面电荷转移,表现在叶绿素a溶液的特征吸收峰在加入纳米粒子后峰位向长波方向移动。用355nm波长的光激发该样品得到的荧光光谱在654nm处出现一个等发射点,并且随着氧化锌量的增多叶绿素a溶液的发光被猝灭且峰位向长波方向移动,当用433nm波长的光激发时(氧化锌在此波长下没有吸收),没有等发射点但仍有猝灭和峰位移动现象,其中猝灭现象根据Stern-Volmer关系可归结为静态猝灭。另外,向离心后得到的氧化锌纳米粒子粉末中滴加叶绿素a,发现在滴加前后其红外光谱中Zn—O键的振动峰发生变化,说明氧化锌纳米颗粒与叶绿素a分子之间存在一定的相互作用,并且可能对叶绿素光合作用产生一定负面影响。     

Investigation of the Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)/Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM) Blends in the Presence of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this study the blends of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (1 and 3?wt %) were prepared by melt compounding in an internal mixer. Mechanical and morphological properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The thermal behaviors of the PET/EPDM nanocomposites were also investigated, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of the mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength, elastic modulus and the hardness of the blends were increased with increasing CNT, while the impact strength and elongation at break decreased. The DSC and TGA results showed an increase of melting temperature (T_m) and degradation temperature of the nanocomposites with the addition of the carbon nanotubes, because the carbon nanotubes serve both as nucleating agents to increase T_m and prevent the composite from degradation to increase the thermal stability. The microstructure of the composites was evaluated through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the results showed a good distribution of the MWCNT within the polymer blend.     

混合碱液法生长的氧化锌晶体表面形貌及光致发光性质

从NaOH和LiOH的混合碱液中生长了具有不同六方形貌的淡黄色ZnO晶体.采用X射线粉末衍射的方法对晶体的物相进行了分析,利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对晶体的形貌进行了表征,同时利用电子探针能谱仪对晶体的组分进行了分析.从晶体的室温光致发光谱图中可以观测到380,445,512,652 nm处存在与晶体结构和缺陷相关的发射...     

Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Nanocomposites Containing Polyethylene Oxide Segments and SiO2 Through a Dual-curing Process

Hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites containing SiO₂ and polyethylene oxide (PEO) segments linked to an epoxy acrylate (EA) network were prepared through a dual-cure process involving photopolymerization and subsequent condensation of alkoxysilane groups using 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane-terminated PEO (PEO-[Si(OC₂H₅)₃]₂) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors, 3-methacryloxypropy ltrimethoxysilane (MEMO) as coupling agent, and EA as prepolymer. The chemical structures of the products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) showed that the in situ generated nano-SiO₂ dispersed uniformly in the EA matrix and the organic and inorganic phase interacted strongly. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and mechanical properties results indicated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the impact strength of the hybrid nanocomposites increased simultaneously with increase of the SiO₂ content.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-structured Ceramic Powders Synthesized by Emulsion Combustion Method

The emulsion combustion method (ECM), a novel powder production process, was originally developed to synthesize nano-structured metal-oxide powders. Metal ions in the aqueous droplets were rapidly oxidized by the combustion of the surrounding flammable liquid. The ECM achieved a small reaction field and a short reaction period to fabricate the submicron-sized hollow ceramic particles with extremely thin wall and chemically homogeneous ceramic powder. Alumina, zirconia, zirconia–ceria solid solutions and barium titanate were synthesized by the ECM process. Alumina and zirconia powders were characterized to be metastable in crystalline phase and hollow structure. The wall thickness of alumina was about 10nm. The zirconia–ceria powders were found to be single-phase solid solutions for a wide composition range. These powders were characterized as equiaxed-shape, submicron-sized chemically homogeneous materials. The powder formation mechanism was investigated through the synthesis of barium titanate powder with different metal sources.     

脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法生长高质量ZnO薄膜及其发光性能

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在单晶Si(100)衬底上生长ZnO薄膜,以X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段分析了所得ZnO薄膜的晶体结构和微观形貌。优化工艺(700℃,20Pa)下生长的ZnO薄膜呈c轴高度择优取向,柱状晶垂直衬底表面生长,结构致密均匀。室温光致发光(PL)谱分析结果表明,随着薄膜生长时O₂分压的增大,近带边紫外发光峰与深能级发光峰之比显著增强,表明薄膜的结晶性能和化学计量比都有了很大的改善。O₂分压为20Pa时所生长的ZnO薄膜具有较理想的化学计量比和较高的光学质量。     

利用P-MBE方法在(400)Si衬底上生长ZnO薄膜

利用等离子体辅助分子束外延(P-MBE)方法在(400)Si衬底上生长ZnO薄膜。为改善生长后样品的质量,把样品解理成三块后,在不同温度下氧气气氛中退火。通过X射线衍射(XRD)谱和光致发光(PL)谱进行表征,讨论了用P-MBE方法在Si基上生长的ZnO的室温光致发光发光峰的可能原因。     

Preparation and Properties of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)/Near Infrared Reflective Pigment (NIR) Composites

A near infrared reflective (NIR, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile) pigment filler was incorporated into a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) matrix via a melt blending approach to increase the infrared reflection of PET and limit the thermal heat accumulation in light of environmental and energy conservation concerns. Two different types of surface modifiers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), were used to modify the NIR surface, as NIR–PEG and NIR–CTAB fillers, to investigate the surface modification effect. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a Zetasizer, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) results suggested a successful adsorption of the organic modifiers onto the NIR surface. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a higher adsorption degree for the CTAB modifier than the PEG modifier due to the electronic interaction between CTAB and NIR. The thermal crystallization temperature (T_c) for neat NIR-filled samples decreased with increasing NIR content within the PET matrix at first, up to 9°C, but then tended to increase again up to a measurable difference of 6°C with respect to pure PEG, indicating the promotion of the crystallization kinetics of the neat NIR within the PET matrix. On the other hand, a decrease in T_c for all NIR-CTAB or NIR-PEG loadings was found, with the depression close to 10°C for all NIR-CTAB samples regardless of the loading. CTAB modified NIR gave the highest improvement in tensile strength and strain at break in comparison with NIR and NIR-PEG filled samples. The near infrared reflection values of modified PET were higher than those of neat PET. The reflection values appeared to be the highest for some concentrations of the NIR-CTAB filled samples, but were of similar orders of magnitude with those for NIR or NIR-PEG filled samples.     

退火温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备Na掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构和光学特性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法在Si(100)衬底上制备Na掺杂ZnO薄膜,退火温度分别为873,973,1 073 K。研究了退火温度对Na掺杂ZnO薄膜形貌、微观结构和光学性能的影响。室温光致发光谱显示,在973 K下退火的样品具有中心位于361 nm处尖锐而强的紫外发光峰,在388,425 nm处各有一个比较弱的紫色和蓝色发光峰,在可见光范围内发光峰的强度很弱。     

n型InP(100)衬底上电沉积氧化锌薄膜的

采用电化学沉积方法在n型InP(100)(1016)衬底上制备了氧化锌薄膜。探索线性扫描伏安法确定InP与0.1mol/LZn(NO3)2电解液的体系中沉积氧化锌的极化电势,在20℃溶液中,相对于甘汞电极(SCE)的极化电势为-1.1877V。扫描电镜照片显示:随着应用电势的降低,氧化锌薄膜变得紧密平滑;狭窄的X射线衍射峰也说明低电势下薄膜的结晶质量较好。光荧光表征发现低电势下制备的氧化锌薄膜具有良好的发光特性。     

Manufacture and Characterization of Poly (butylene terephthalate) Nanofibers by Electrospinning

Poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) nanofiber mats were prepared by electrospinning, being directly deposited in the form of a random fibers web. The effect of changing processing parameters such as solution concentration and electrospinning voltage on the morphology of the electrospun PBT nanofibers was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrospun fibers diameter increased with rising concentration and decreased by increasing the electrospinning voltage, thermal and mechanical properties of electrospun fibers were characterized by DSC and tensile testing, respectively.     

Characterization and optical property of ZnO nano-, submicro- and microrods synthesized by hydrothermal method on a large-scale

In the present paper, well-dispersed ZnO nano-, submicro- and microrods with hexagonal structure were synthesized by a simple low temperature hydrothermal process from zinc nitrate hexahydrate without using any additional surfactant, organic solvent or catalytic agent. The phase and structural analysis were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the morphological analysis was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and the optical property was characterized by room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results revealed the high crystal quality of ZnO powder with hexagonal (wurtzite-type) crystal structure and the formation of well-dispersed ZnO nano-, submicro- and microrods with diameters of about 50, 200 and 500 nm, and lengths of 300 nm, 1 μm and 2 μm, respectively, on a large-scale just using the different temperatures. Room-temperature PL spectrum from the ZnO nanorods reveals a strong UV emission peak at about 360 nm and no green emission band at ∼530 nm. The strong UV photoluminescence indicates the good crystallization quality of the ZnO nanorods. Room-temperature PL spectra from the ZnO submicro- and microrods reveal a weak UV emission peak at ∼400 nm and a very strong visible green emission at 530 nm, that is ascribed to the transition between V_oZn_i and valence band.     

Surface morphology and optical properties of ZnO epilayers grown on Si(1 1 1) by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Heteroepitaxial ZnO epilayers were grown on Si(1 1 1) substrates using a vertical geometry atmospheric pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (AP-MOCVD) system. The growth temperature was varied from 550 °C to 650 °C in steps of 25 °C. The ZnO growth rate and surface morphology were strong functions of the growth temperature and ranged from ∼0.16 μm/h to 1.36 μm/h. The surface morphology of the ZnO films changed from granular to sharp tips as the growth temperature increased. The effect of buffer thickness was also examined, and was found to have a strong effect on the optical properties of the ZnO. An optimized growth condition for ZnO epilayers was found at 625 °C, producing a FWHM in the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of 4.5 nm and a preferred growth orientation along the (0 0 2) direction.Transmission electron microscopy images and selected area diffraction patterns showed excellent crystalline quality of both the buffer and ZnO overlayer. When non-optimized growth temperatures were employed, post-growth annealing was found to greatly enhance the ratio of band-edge to deep level emission.     

Nanocomposite materials based on poly(vinyl chloride) and bovine serum albumin modified ZnO through ultrasonic irradiation as a green technique: Optical,thermal, mechanical and morphological properties

In this project, physicochemical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) reinforced by ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were studied. Firstly, ZnO NPs were modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as an organo-modifier and biocompatible substance through ultrasound irradiation as environmental friendly, low cost and rapid means. Nanocomposite (NC) films were prepared by loadings of various ratios of ZnO/BSA NPs (3, 6 and 9 wt%) inside the PVC. Structural morphology and physical properties of the ZnO-BSA NPs and NC films were investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. According to the obtained information from the TGA, an increase in the thermal stability can be clearly observed. Also the results of contact angle analysis indicated with increasing percent of ZnO/BSA NPs into PVC the hydrophilic behaviors of NCs were increased.     

DBU液相催化法原位合成四苯氧基酞菁锌/ZnO复合材料的制备及光催化选择性研究

在负载于氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃上、哑铃状纳米ZnO表面配位未饱和锌离子作为“模板”,以苯氧基邻苯二腈作为“分子碎片”,利用DBU液相催化法,在亲水性纳米ZnO表面,原位合成疏水性四苯氧基酞菁锌(ZnTPPc)。通过多种表征手段,分析证实了所合成的ZnTPPc分子结构、ZnTPPc/ZnO界面及光生电荷转移特性。在可见光下,分别以亲水性亚甲基蓝(MB)、疏水性苯酚(PL)及其混合液为待降解反应物,定量分析疏水性ZnTPPc/ZnO复合材料对降解疏水性PL的光催化选择性。结果表明： 原位合成ZnTPPc在ZnO表面呈现单分子层,具有较好的疏水性能,ZnTPPc可优先选择性降解疏水性PL,且在可见光光催化中对PL的相对降解效率是对MB分子的1.21倍。     

Fabrication and Characterization of Ultrathin Graphene Oxide/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Films via Layer-by-Layer Assembly

Novel multilayer ultrathin films comprised of graphene oxide (GO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were fabricated through a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique. GO could self-assemble onto quartz substrates alternately with PVA via hydrogen-bonding interactions. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that GO was exfoliated to monolayers. The ultrathin films, with PVA/GO multilayer structures fabricated by LBL assembly, were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, confirming that the assembly of the multilayer films was quantitative and reproducible.     

Effect of some amines,dodecylamine (DDA) and hexadecyldimethylamine (DMHA), on the formation of ZnO nanorods synthesized by hydrothermal route

In this paper, we try to study the effect of two different ionic and nonionic amines dodecylamine (DDA) and hexadecyldimethylamine (DMHA) considered as weak bases and surfactant on the growth of ZnO nanorods using hydrothermal synthesis technique. The self-assembly of oriented attachment (OA) of ZnO nano- and microrods has been successfully obtained by this technique at temperatures greater than 150?°C. The ZnO nano/microrods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman scattering spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence. The XRD measurements show that ZnO prepared by DDA amine presents small grain size in comparison to ZnO obtained from DMHA amine. From SEM characterization, we show that DDA amine has a great effect on the OA of several homogenous ZnO microrods building blocks. The growth process is explained by the formation of ZnO OA in microstructures scale which is depending on ionic character of amines. Optic measurements (Raman, FTIR and photoluminescence) are presented and commented.     

Microstructure and Thermal and Tensile Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Films Reinforced by Polyacrylamide Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals

Abstract

Polyacrylamide grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-g-PAM) were incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) by a solution casting method to fabricate nanocomposite films with enhanced thermal and tensile properties. The microstructure and the thermal and tensile properties of the PVA/CNC-g-PAM nanocomposite films were investigated as a function of CNC-g-PAM content. Infrared spectroscopy corroborated the presence of hydrogen bonds between PVA and the PAM on the surface of the CNC. Polarized optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed good dispersion of the CNC-g-PAM in the PVA matrix and good interfacial compatibility. Accordingly, the initial degradation temperature of the nanocomposite films was elevated slightly compared to pristine PVA film. The glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity of the PVA also varied slightly after the incorporation of the CNC-g-PAM. At both 0% and 50% RH, the nanocomposite films showed an obvious increase of elastic modulus, no apparent change of breaking strength and a drastic reduction of elongation at break with increasing CNC-g-PAM content.     

Preparation of p-type ZnO:(Al, N) by a combination of sol--gel and ion-implantation techniques

We report the preparation of p-type ZnO thin films on (0001) sapphire substrates by a combination of sol--gel and ion-implantation techniques. The results of the Hall-effect measurements carried out at room temperature indicate that the N-implanted ZnO:Al films annealed at 600\du\ have converted to p-type conduction with a hole concentration of $1.6\times10¹⁸cm^-3, a hole mobility of 3.67cm²/V.s and a minimum resistivity of 4.80cm.\Omega$. Ion-beam induced damage recovery has been investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and optical transmittance measurements. Results show that diffraction peaks and PL intensities are decreased by N ion implantation, but they nearly recover after annealing at 600\du. Our results demonstrate a promising approach to fabricate p-type ZnO at a low cost.     

Improved Dispersion of Carbon Nanoparticles Modified by Poly(Sodium 4-Styrenesulfonate) and Its Influence on the Properties of Natural Rubber Latex

A novel strategy of radical polymerization of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate on the surface of carbon black (CB) in the solid state was developed to prepare hydrophilic carbon nanoparticles (PNASS-CB). A high performance natural rubber latex (NRL)/PNASS-CB composite was produced by the latex compounding technique. Scanning electron microscope shows considerable improvement in the dispersion of PNASS-CB in rubber matrix. The lower degree of filler–filler networks and the stronger filler–rubber interaction of PNASS-CB in rubber matrix were confirmed by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Rheometric properties of NRL/PNASS-CB, like scorch time and optimum cure time, decreased. Tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break increased due to stronger interaction between the PNASS-CB and rubber matrix. Dynamic mechanical properties of the modified carbon nanoparticles further corroborated a significant contribution from the better dispersion and efficient load transfer of PNASS-CB on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of composites.