CaCO_3表面包覆改性及其对填充PP力学性能的影响

先用丙烯酸(AA)处理CaCO3,在其表面引入活性双键基团后,再通过固相包覆反应将聚丙烯蜡(PPW)固定在CaCO3表面.实验发现改性CaCO3可经受甲苯、稀盐酸处理而不发生溶解,结合红外及热重分析结果,证明PPW已经通过化学键合而成功地包覆在CaCO3表面.将该改性CaCO3填充聚丙烯(PP)后,发现PP的冲击性能及拉伸性能均有不同程度的提高,当改性CaCO3的填充量为15份时,体系的缺口冲击强度达到最大值,为基体树脂的1.68倍;当改性CaCO3的填充量10份时拉伸强度达到峰值,为同等添加量的未改性CaCO3的1.22倍.     

一种新型硅藻土填充橡胶纳米复合材料研究

橡胶的填料问题一直是人们的研究热点,针对炭黑和白炭黑在橡胶生产中存在的污染问题,本文选用成分结构与白炭黑类似的硅藻土来填充各种橡胶。首先对硅藻土进行了改性,并对不同改性剂改性硅藻土用于填充橡胶进行了研究。结果表明2.5份偶联剂Si69的改性效果最佳。通过机械共混法制备了改性硅藻土/橡胶纳米复合材料,通过力学性能测试确定了比较适合硅藻土填充的橡胶是氟橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶和丙烯酸酯橡胶。绿色环保且价格低廉的硅藻土可以替代白炭黑增强填充氟橡胶、三元乙丙橡胶和丙烯酸酯橡胶。     

双组分互穿网络/蒙脱土复合吸水橡胶的制备及性能

通过乳液聚合制备了双组分互穿网络/蒙脱土复合吸水橡胶, 采用透射电镜、扫描电镜对所制备样品进行了表征, 并考察了样品的吸水性能及吸水后的力学性能. 结果表明, 所制备的吸水橡胶中橡胶相与树脂相高度分散互穿, 吸水后材料表面未观察到相分离现象; 蒙脱土片层结构分散在材料中, 增加了材料的强度. 吸水过程缓慢, 前期吸水倍率与时间呈线性递增, 在40 d达到吸水平衡; 温度越高, 吸水倍率越大. 样品吸水倍率为6.5时, 弹性模量达到40000 Pa以上, 黏性模量为1000 Pa; 样品吸水倍率为25.8时受压破裂应变为80%左右.     

柠檬酸镧的合成及其对SBR橡胶硫化性能的影响

以氯化镧和柠檬酸为原料,合成柠檬酸镧,探究反应条件对柠檬酸镧产率的影响,得到反应体系p H值4~5之间,柠檬酸与氯化镧的摩尔比1.2∶1,反应体系温度50℃为较优的反应条件。并将合成的柠檬酸镧添加到SBR混炼胶中,研究其对混炼胶的硫化特性和硫化胶物理机械性能的影响;结果表明,添加2.5%的柠檬酸镧可使混炼胶的硫化速率t90达到943 s,比未添加柠檬酸镧的快了31 s,当添加量为7.5%时硫化胶的物理机械性能达到最佳,比未添加相比提高了将近50%。通过红外光谱表征产物结构,并采用硫化仪、万能试验机对混炼胶进行硫化性能及物理机械性能测试,研究结果表明,柠檬酸镧可提高混炼胶的硫化性能、硫化胶物理机械性能及抗硫化还原性。因此,柠檬酸镧可以作为SBR橡胶硫化剂的一种补充。     

碳包覆氟化亚铁纳米复合材料的制备及电化学性能

通过高温热分解法制备了碳包覆氟化亚铁纳米复合材料(FeF₂/C), 并对其结构、 形貌及电化学性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 该方法对FeF₂实现了碳包覆, 且形成部分碳化铁(Fe₃C). 电化学性能测试结果表明, 该材料在0.1C倍率下循环100周后的放电比容量达到246.7 mA·h/g, 相比于第2周的容量保持率高达93.6%, 具有良好的循环稳定性.     

ATO包覆TiO2的导电性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了Sb掺杂SnO_2包覆TiO_2的微纳米导电粉体。考察了不同Sb量对粉体的导电性能影响,通过XRD、SEM对粉体进行了表征。将导电粉体制成复合电极片,利用电化学工作站对其进行循环伏安和交流阻抗分析。结果表明,随着扫描速率的增加,氧化峰和还原峰分别向阴极和阳极移动,而且氧化还原峰的形状没有随着扫描速率的增加发生明显的变化;当m(SnCl_4·5H_2O)/m(SbCl_3)=10∶1时,容抗弧半径最小,且斜率最大,电阻最小,导电性最好。此结果与用电阻率测定仪测得电阻率的结果一致,说明利用交流阻抗法和循环伏安法考察导电粉体的导电性是可行的。     

超声浸渍包覆石墨的嵌脱锂性能

锂离子电池;碳阳极;包覆;电化学性能;超声浸渍包覆石墨的嵌脱锂性能     

固化条件对环氧树脂/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混体系结构与性能的影响

利用丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)提高热固性环氧树脂(EP)的韧性,系统研究共混体系固化条件对材料结构和性能的影响.研究表明,固化前环氧树脂与丙烯酸酯橡胶在整个组成范围内为均相体系,固化过程中两组份分子量不断增大,部分组成环氧树脂/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混体系(80/20及50/50)发生反应诱导相分离现象(RIPS).在发生反应诱导相分离的体系中,分相后的环氧树脂和丙烯酸酯橡胶两相彼此包含对方的组分,是一种不彻底的相分离.同时,固化后材料的结构与性能强烈依赖于所用固化条件(包括固化时间、固化温度及固化剂含量等).因此,可以通过调节体系固化条件实现对环氧树脂/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混体系结构和性能的调控.     

DBS包覆TiO2 纳米粒子的表面光伏及光致发光性能

The TiO2 nanoparticles capped with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) were synthesized by a sol-hydrothermal method, and were also characterized by XRD, TEM, Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS) and Photoluminescence (PL). The effects of capping DBS on photovoltage and photoluminescence performances of TiO2 nanoparticle as well as appropriate capping conditions were principally investigated. The results show that the capping situation is desirable when the pH value and adding DBS amount are in the range of 4.5-5.5 and 1.0%-3.0% of TiO2 weight in advance of the hydrothermal process, respectively. The added DBS could inhibit the growth of anatase crystallite during the hydrothermal process. Moreover, the intensities of SPS and PL of TiO2 nanoparticle decreased after DBS was capped, which is possibly attributed to the electrophilic property of sulfonic acid group (-SO3-) as well as the decrease of surface defect.     

纳米镍包覆超细铝复合粉末的氧化性能

通过置换还原法, 快速、简洁、定量地制备出了纳米镍包覆的超细铝粉复合粉末. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热(DSC)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对原料Al粉和复合粉末的形貌及其氧化性能进行研究. 结果表明, 原料Al粉在1050 ℃时增重率为122%, 当包覆的纳米镍粉质量分数为0.75%时, 可以使铝粉在1050 ℃时的增重率达到135%, 并且随着镍粉含量的增加, 铝粉的增重率进一步提高. 当镍的质量分数达到8.93%时, 复合粉末在约1000 ℃时出现点火燃烧现象. 纳米镍粉的氧传递对促进超细铝粉的氧化起到了至关重要的作用.     

Preparation of High-Performance Composite Hydrogel Reinforced by Hydrophilic Modified Waste Rubber Powder

In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by waste rubber and to realize the recycling of resources, we proposed a facile method for the hydrophilic modification of waste rubber powder (HRP) and used it to reinforce a composite hydrogel. In the presence of toluene, dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) diffused into the waste rubber powder. After the solvent was removed, BPO was adsorbed in the rubber powder, which was used to initiate the grafting polymerization of the acrylamide monomer on the rubber–water interface. As a result, the polyacrylamide (PAM) molecular chains were grafted onto the surface of the rubber powder to realize hydrophilic modification. The success of the grafting modification was confirmed by FTIR, contact angle testing, and thermogravimetric analysis. The hydrophilic modified waste rubber powder was used to reinforce the PAM hydrogel. Mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength and elongation at the break of the composite hydrogel reached 0.46 MPa and 1809%, respectively, which was much higher than those of pure PAM hydrogel. Such a phenomenon indicates that the waste rubber particles had a strengthening effect.     

Effect of Ground Rubber Powder on Properties of Natural Rubber

Ground rubber powder (GRP) with three different sizes was incorporated into nature rubber matrix with different loading. Cure characteristics, swelling behaviour, crosslink density, tensile fractured surface, and mechanical properties have been studied. Based on the cure characteristics, it is evident that the processability of the rubber compounds has not changed obviously with the different GRP loading. The introduction of GRP in virgin rubber leads to the increase in swelling degree and the decrease in crosslink density. Tensile strength, hardness and abrasion resistant deteriorate with the increase of GRP loading, but the tear resistance gets better. If the ground rubber particles are smaller, the properties are more similar to the virgin rubber. Because of the phase separation of the GRP and matrix, the properties get worse with the bigger ground rubber powder.     

含改性硅微粉硅橡胶阻燃抑烟研究

为进一步提升硅橡胶(SR)的阻燃性能,利用硅烷偶联剂对硅微粉(SF)进行表面改性,以改性后的SF为阻燃剂,制备出SR样品。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对改性前后SF表面形貌进行表征,通过极限氧指数(LOI)、水平垂直测试、锥形量热仪(CCT)、烟密度测试(SDT)等手段研究SR复合材料力学性能、阻燃性能、抑烟性能。研究表明:添加相同质量的SF和改性SF时,含改性SF的SR力学性能明显提升。其中,含21%(wt)改性SF/SR复合材料的力学、阻燃性能综合最佳。与纯SR相比,改性SF/SR复合材料的LOI增加了15%,热释放速率峰值降低86%,火灾增长指数降低了58%,最大烟密度降低43%。     

Waxy Maize Starch Nanocrystals as Filler in Natural Rubber

Starch nanocrystals obtained from acid hydrolysis of waxy maize starch granules consist in crystalline nanoplatelets about 6–8 nm thick with a length of 20–40 nm and a width of 15–30 nm. New nanocomposite materials, i.e. natural rubber (NR) filled with waxy maize starch nanocrystals were processed by casting. Dynamic mechanical analysis has shown that starch nanocrystals were a good reinforcing agent for NR at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature of NR. Tensile tests have shown that until a weight fraction of 20 wt%, this new filler presented the advantage to reinforce natural rubber without decreasing significantly the strain at break of the material. These properties may be due to both the morphological nature of starch nanocrystals, and the formation of a percolating starch nanocrystals network within the NR matrix, resulting from hydrogen bonding forces between starch aggregates.     

Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber Using Carbosilane Dendrimers as the Cross-linker

Peroxide-cured high-temperature vulcanized （HTV） silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecule is Si（CHaCH=CH2）4, as the cross-linker. It showed that this kind of allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimer improved the mechanical properties of silicone rubber.     

Influence of Carbon Black,Calcium Carbonate and Dioctyl Phthalate Compositions on the NBR Vulcanized Rubber Properties Through Experiments Design

Summary: In industrial practice involving mixtures of raw materials, it is desirable to be able to predict how a change in their proportions will affect the product's properties. In this work the effect of three major vulcanized rubber raw materials was investigated. All other raw materials, as well as processing conditions, were kept constant. Ten formulations were vulcanized by compression moulding (175 °C, ∼17 MPa, during 5 minutes) and characterized. The statistically valid property equations calculated from the characterization results show that a range of compositions exists within which the final product has the desired properties and can still be comfortably manufactured.     

Blending of Natural Rubber/Recycled Ethylene-Propylene-diene Rubber: Promoting the Interfacial Adhesion Between Phases by Natural Rubber Latex

This article deals with blends based on natural rubber (NR) and recycled ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (R-EPDM). Natural rubber latex (NRL) was introduced into the blends to enhance interfacial adhesion between NR and R-EPDM. A new route of compounding was also suggested. The blends were prepared by mixing R-EPDM and other additives in NRL before blending with natural rubber on a two-roll mill. By applying this method, the homogeneity of the blends and cross-linking distribution are significantly improved. The blends exhibited superior state of cure, swelling resistance, mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties. The degree of entanglement between NR and R-EPDM also increased after NRL modification.     

硅土/白炭黑复合填料对天然橡胶硫化胶性能的影响

硅土主要是由低温石英和粘土矿物组成的非金属矿物,具有独特的粒片叠置结构。本工作采用经改性处理的硅土与白炭黑并用,测定硅土/白炭黑复合填料对天然橡胶(NR)的硫化特性和力学性能,探讨填料并用对天然橡胶性能的影响。实验结果表明:经改性处理,硅土平均粒径减小,疏水性增强。硅土与白炭黑并用,有利于增强NR硫化初期的流动性,延长焦烧时间而不明显降低硫化速率,能改善橡胶的加工性能。拉伸性能测试结果表明,复合填料与白炭黑或硅土单独使用相比,能显著提高填充NR硫化胶的拉伸强度、定伸应力、交联密度,而不降低橡胶弹性。当硅土占复合填料质量为40%时,NR硫化胶的拉伸强度达到最大。动态机械性能测定结果表明,相比白炭黑,硅土更有利于减小硫化胶的生热和滚动阻力。     

Properties of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Mortar Modified by Hydroxyethyl Methyl Celluloses with Different Degrees of Substitution

This paper studies the influence of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) on the properties of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement mortar. In order to explore the applicability of different HEMCs in CSA cement mortars, HEMCs with higher and lower molar substitution (MS)/degree of substitution (DS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) modification were used. At the same time, two kinds of CSA cements with different contents of ye’elimite were selected. Properties of cement mortar in fresh and hardened states were investigated, including the fluidity, consistency and water-retention rate of fresh mortar and the compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile bond strength and dry shrinkage rate of hardened mortar. The porosity and pore size distribution were also analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Results show that HEMCs improve the fresh state properties and tensile bond strength of both types of CSA cement mortars. However, the compressive strength of CSA cement mortars is greatly decreased by the addition of HEMCs, and the flexural strength is decreased slightly. The MIP measurement shows that HEMCs increase the amount of micron-level pores and the porosity. The HEMCs with different MS/DS have different effects on the improvement of tensile bond strength in different CSA cement mortars. PAAm modification can improve the tensile bond strength of HEMC-modified CSA cement mortar.     

Simultaneous Enhancement of Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Recycled Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber Blends by Electron Beam Irradiation

Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber/recycled ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (NR/R-EPDM) blends were simultanoeusly enhanced by electron beam (EB) irradiation. The cross-linking promoter, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), was also introduced into the blends to induce the cross-linking. By applying EB irradiation, the tensile modulus, hardness, swelling, cross-link density, and storage modulus increased with increase in the irradiation dose; an irradiation dose of 50 kGy was efficient to gain optimum tensile strength. The formation of irradiation-induced cross-links after EB irradiation is a major concern for the enhancement of mechanical, swelling resistance, and dynamic mechanical properties of the blends.