CH3NO2与HE(23S)、Ne(3P0.2)的解离激发反应

利用分子束和化学发光技术，在单次碰撞条件下，首次研究了亚稳态原子He（23S）、Ne（3P0．2）与CH3NO2的解离激发反应，探测到反应的激发态产物（CH（A）、CH（B）、CH（C）的化学发光，在He（23S）／CH3NO2反应中同时探测到H（Balmer）的发射．利用He（23S）＋N2→N2＋（B）＋He＋e－作参考反应，测定了反应He（23S）／CH3NO2产生的CH的A－X，B－X，C－X以及H原子的发射速率常数．利用化学发光光谱的计算机模拟，求得了激发态产物CH（A）的初生态振动布居和转动温度．结合相空间理论对解离过程CH（A）的形成通道进行了讨论，认为CH（A）的形成是经由中间体CH3*的二体解离过程．     

CF3O2自由基和NO反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 分别在6-31G、6-311G、6-311+G(d)基组水平上研究了CF3O2自由基和NO反应机理. 研究结果表明, CF3O2自由基和NO反应存在三条可行的反应通道, 优化得到了相应的中间体和过渡态. 从活化能看, 通道CH3O2+NO→IM1→TS1→IM2→TS2→CF3O+ONO的活化能最低, 仅为70.86 kJ•mol-1, 是主要反应通道, 主要产物是CF3O和NO2. 而通道CH3O2+NO→IM1→TS3→CF3ONO2和CH3O2+NO→TS4→IM3→TS5→IM4→TS6→CF3O+NOO的活化能较高, 故该反应难以进行.     

硝基甲烷异构化反应势能面的ab initio研究

在B3LYP/6-311+ +G(2d,2p)水平上,优化得到硝基甲烷CH3NO2的10种异构体和23个异构化反应过渡态,并用G2MP2方法进行了单点能计算.根据计算得到的G2MP2相对能量,探讨了CH3NO2势能面上异构化反应的微观机理.研究表明,反应初始阶段的CH3NO2异构化过程具有较高的能垒,其中CH3NO2的两个主要异构化反应通道,即CH3NO2→CH3ONO和CH3NO2→CH2N(O)OH的活化能分别为270.3和267.8 kJ/mol,均高于CH3NO2的C-N键离解能.因而,从动力学角度考虑, CH3NO2的异构化反应较为不利.     

CH3NO2异构化反应的理论研究

利用密度泛函和电子密度拓扑分析方法对CH3NO2 (NM)的异构化反应进行了研究。 找到了九种可能的异构体和八个反应通道。通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析确认了过渡态与异构体之间的连接关系。计算结果表明,在CH3NO2→CH3ONOt反应过程中,过渡态为紧密结构(在整个反应过程中CH3NO2没有分解为CH3 和NO2 ),与Arenass等人的结论一致。在CH3NOOc→CH2NOOH反应过程中,存在有一个含有四元环→五元环→四元环→五元环变化过程的结构过渡区,这也是在反应过程中首次发现五元环状过渡结构。     

H＋CH3NO2→H2＋CH2NO2反应途径和变分速率常数计算研究

采用MP2（FULL）／6－311G**从头算方法，优化了H＋CH3NO2——H2＋CH2NO2反应的过渡态结构，得出该反应的正逆反应的活化位垒分别是82．73和57．14 kJ·mol－1 ．沿IRC分析指出该反应是一个H—H键生成和C—H键断裂的协同反应，而且在反应途径上存在一个引导反应进行的振动模式，这一反应模式引导反应进行的区间在- 0．7～0．2（amu）1/2·a0之间；在 1000～1400 K温度范围内，运用变分过渡态理论（CVT），计算了该反应的速率常数，计算结果与实验相一致．     

流化床中 CH4/C3H8 自热重整制合成气

 在流化床反应器中, 考察了 Ni/SiO2 催化剂上 CH4 或 CH4-C3H8 临氧 CO2 重整 (自热重整) 制合成气反应性能. 结果表明, 在 CH4-C3H8 混合气自热重整反应中, Ni 粒径较小催化剂的活性和抗积炭性能较高, CH4 和 CO2 转化率分别达 75.5% 和 72.6%. C3H8 比 CH4 更易解离及被氧化, 部分 C3H8 解离出来的中间产物 CHx 物种可与吸附 H 结合为 CH4, 因而降低了 CH4 的表观转化率; CHx 也可与吸附的 CO2 物种反应生成 H2 与 CO, 从而促进了 CO2 的转化.     

Cu/NiO-MoO3/SiO2光催化CO2与CH3OH合成碳酸二甲酯的反应性能

 采用表面改性法制备了MoO3-SiO2复合氧化物,用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu/NiO-MoO3/SiO2光催化剂,并用XRD, Raman, IR, TPD-MS, UV-Vis DRS和光促表面反应研究了催化剂的结构、化学吸附性能、吸光性能和光促CO2与CH3OH合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的反应性能. 结果表明, Cu和NiO的引入提高了MoO3在SiO2表面的分散度,且Cu和NiO在MoO3-SiO2表面分散均匀; 在金属Cu位和Lewis酸位Mo6+(或Ni2+)的协同作用下, CO2在催化剂表面形成活性较高的的卧式吸附态, CH3OH在催化剂表面形成分子吸附态和解离吸附态; NiO与MoO3复合后部分形成了 Mo-O-Ni 键联,提高了对光的吸收强度; 金属Cu的负载扩展了材料在可见光范围的吸收; 与热表面催化相比,光催化反应在较低的温度下就能显著进行,并提高了CH3OH的转化率,在110 ℃常压和空速300 h-1的条件下,CH3OH转化率可达13.9%,DMC选择性可达90.1%.     

H+CH3NO2H2+CH2NO2反应途径和变分速率常数计算研究

采用MP2(FULL)/6-311G**从头算方法, 优化了H+CH3NO2H2+ CH2NO2反应的过渡态结构, 得出该反应的正逆反应的活化位垒分别是82.73和57.14 kJ*mol-1. 沿IRC分析指出该反应是一个H-H键生成和C-H键断裂的协同反应, 而且在反应途径上存在一个引导反应进行的振动模式, 这一反应模式引导反应进行的区间在-0.7～0.2( amu)1/2*a0之间; 在1 000～1 400 K温度范围内, 运用变分过渡态理论(CVT), 计算了该反应的速率常数, 计算结果与实验相一致.     

CH3S与NO基态反应的机理及动力学

在G3(MP2)水平上,通过对CH3S与NO反应势能面(PES)上关键驻点的能量计算,共找到3种中间体、7个过渡态、9种产物通道,并对其反应机理进行了讨论.结果表明此反应主要以两种方式进行一是加成反应,先生成CH3SNO,然后发生单分子解离和异构化反应;二是直接抽提反应,生成CH2S+HNO.用多通道RRKM-TST模型计算了反应随温度和压力变化的速率常数.以295 K的N2作浴气,在200.0～39996.6 Pa压力范围的速率常数为1.6×10-12～1.28×10-11 cm3·molecule-1·s-1.我们计算的速率常数与Balla等的实验值符合较好.反应的速率常数有明显的负温度效应和较强的压力依赖关系.预测常压低温下反应以生成CH3SNO为主,在常压高温1000 K以上以生成CH2S+HNO为主.     

CH3O·2+NO气相反应的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函方法分别研究了单态和三态 CH3 O·2 NO CH3 O· NO2 气相反应 .结果表明 ,反应中 NO进攻 CH3 O·2 经过了一个顺反异构化的过程 ,摘取 CH3 O·2 的端基氧 .整个反应是吸热反应 ,理论计算吸热值为 5 0 .93k J/ mol,单态为多通道多步骤反应 ,决定速度步骤的能垒为 1 90 .6 1 k J/ mol.而三态为单通道反应 ,其决定速度步骤的能垒为 1 6 3.31 k J/ mol.三态反应为最佳反应通道 .该反应的研究将为保护臭氧层及大气环境提供重要的理论依据 .     

Ab initio molecular orbital study of reactivity of active alkyl groups. IV. Nitrosation of acyclic carbonyl compound with methyl nitrite via "open-chain" transition state

The mechanism of the nitrosation of enolate anion of acetone [CH3COCH2]- (1) with methyl nitrite CH3ONO (2) via an "open-chain" transition state without Na+ in the C-N bond formation process was studied by the ab initio MO method. The complex [CH3COCH2NO(OCH3)]- (C-II) was first formed from the adduct (C-I) of 1 and 2 through the transition state (TSI). Finally, E-1-hydroxyimino-2-oxo-propane CH3COCH=NOH (3E), together with Z-form (3Z), was obtained by way of the elimination process. It has become apparent that 3E is formed when C-II-A is produced in the C-N bond formation process.     

Approach to the atmospheric chemistry of methyl nitrate and methylperoxy nitrite. Chemical mechanisms of their formation and decomposition reactions in the gas phase

Potential energy surfaces, minimum energy reaction paths, minima, transition states, reaction barriers, and conical intersections for the most important atmospheric reactions of methyl nitrate (CH(3)ONO(2)) and methylperoxy nitrite (C(3)HOONO) on the electronic ground state have been studied (i) with the second-order multiconfigurational perturbation theory (CASPT2) by computation of numerical energy gradients for stationary points and (ii) with the density functional theory (DFT). The proposed mechanism explains the conversion of unreactive alkyl peroxy radicals into alkoxy radicals: CH(3)O(2) + NO <=> CH(3)OONO <=> CH(3)O + NO(2) left arrow over right arrow CH(3)ONO(2). Additionally, several discrepancies found in the comparison of the results obtained from the two employed approaches are analyzed. CASPT2 predicts that all dissociation reactions into radicals occur without an extra exit energy barrier. In contrast, DFT finds transition states for the dissociations of cis- and trans-methylperoxy nitrite into CH(3)O + NO(2). Furthermore, multiconfigurational methods [CASPT2 and complete active space SCF (CAS-SCF)] predict the isomerization of CH3ONO2 to CH3OONO to occur in a two-step mechanism: (i) CH(3)ONO(2) --> CH(3)O + NO(2); and (ii) CH(3)O + NO(2) --> CH(3)OONO. The reason for this has to do with the coupling of the ground electronic state with the first excited state. Therefore, it is demonstrated that DFT methods based on single determinantal wave functions give an incorrect picture of the aforementioned reaction mechanisms.     

亚硝酸甲酯分子在440nm附近的激光光解

近年来亚硝酸甲酯分子（CHa0NO）的光解动力学研究十分活跃｛‘5］，主要集中在紫外激光的单光子解离的机理，光解过程的矢量相关性质和光解产物的态分布．CH30NO分子的解离能D。（CH30－NO）＝174kJ·mol‘，若单从能量上看，人＜689。的光就能使其解离，但人＞400urn的光解离研究还未见报导．＊H30＊0分子在人＞40onm的强激光场下是充电离还是先解离，是单光子解离还是多光子解离，以及通过哪个电子态解离都不清楚．时间飞行质谱不仅具有质量分辨率高、范围宽，而且响应快，因此适合做光解光电离过程初生态产物的探测．特别是时间飞…     

Detailed structural investigation of the grafting of [Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)3] and [Cp*TaMe4] on silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 degrees C and the activity of the grafted complexes toward alkane metathesis

The reaction of [Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)3] or [Cp*Ta(CH3)4] with a silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 degrees C gives the corresponding monosiloxy surface complexes [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2] and [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(CH3)3Cp*] by eliminating a sigma-bonded ligand as the corresponding alkane (H-CH2tBu or H-CH3). EXAFS data show that an adjacent siloxane bridge of the surface plays the role of an extra surface ligand, which most likely stabilizes these complexes as in [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (1a') and [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(CH3)3Cp*([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (2a'). In the case of [(SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])], the structure is further stabilized by an additional interaction: a C-H agostic bond as evidenced by the small J coupling constant for the carbenic C-H (JC-H = 80 Hz), which was measured by J-resolved 2D solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The product selectivity in propane metathesis in the presence of [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (1a') as a catalyst precursor and the inactivity of the surface complex [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(CH3)3Cp*([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (2a') show that the active site is required to be highly electrophilic and probably involves a metallacyclobutane intermediate.     

负载型Sn2(OMe)2Cl2/SiO2催化剂的制备、表征与催化合成碳酸二甲酯

采用表面改性法制备了负载型Sn2(OMe)2Cl2/SiO2双核桥联配合物催化剂,用IR,TPD和微量反应技术研究了催化剂的表面结构、化学吸附性能和反应活性.结果表明,双核桥联配合物Sn2(OMe)2Cl2以O(Me)为桥,Cl为配体,并以Sn-O-Si形式键合到SiO2表面上;CO2与催化剂表面的金属离子Sn4+和桥基配体OMe的O2-形成桥式和甲氧碳酸酯基两种吸附态,CH3OH与催化剂表面的金属离子Sn4+仅形成一种分子吸附态;在413K以下,CO2和CH3OH在Sn2(OMe)2Cl2/SiO2催化剂表面上以近100%的选择性生成碳酸二甲酯;CO2在催化剂表面形成的甲氧碳酸酯基吸附态是生成DMC的关键物种,其与在同一活性中心的分子吸附态甲醇的反应决定了催化剂的活性和产物选择性.     

Theoretical mechanistic study on the radical-molecule reaction of CH2OH with NO2

The complex singlet potential energy surface for the reaction of CH2OH with NO2, including 14 minimum isomers and 28 transition states, is explored theoretically at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and Gaussian-3 (single-point) levels. The initial association between CH2OH and NO2 is found to be the carbon-to-nitrogen approach forming an adduct HOCH2NO2 (1) with no barrier, followed by C-N bond rupture along with a concerted H-shift leading to product P1 (CH2O + trans-HONO), which is the most abundant. Much less competitively, 1 can undergo the C-O bond formation along with C-N bond rupture to isomer HOCH2ONO (2), which will take subsequent cis-trans conversion and dissociation to P2 (HOCHO + HNO), P3 (CH2O + HNO2), and P4 (CH2O + cis-HONO) with comparable yields. The obtained species CH2O in primary product P1 is in good agreement with kinetic detection in experiment. Because the intermediate and transition state involved in the most favorable pathway all lie blow the reactants, the CH2OH + NO2 reaction is expected to be rapid, as is confirmed by experiment. These calculations indicate that the title reaction proceeds mostly through singlet pathways; less go through triplet pathways. In addition, a mechanistic comparison is made with the reactions CH3 + NO2 and CH3O + NO2. The present results can lead us to deeply understand the mechanism of the title reaction and may be helpful for understanding NO2-combustion chemistry.     

Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂上CO2和CH3 OH的吸附和反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法制备了Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂,利用红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和微反技术考察了催化剂的表面结构以及CO2和CH3OH的化学吸附和反应性能.结果表明:Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2中Ni2+与载体SiO2表面O2-以双齿配位形式键合,甲氧基以桥基形式联结双金属离子形成双核物种Ni2(OCH3)2;CO2在催化剂表面存在甲氧碳酸酯基物种和桥式两种吸附态,CH3OH则只有一种分子吸附态;在100～200℃条件下,CO2和CH3OH在催化剂上的反应产物主要是DMC和H2O;根据反应结果,讨论了催化反应机理.     

Infrared laser spectroscopy of the CH3OO radical formed from the reaction of CH3 and O2 within a helium nanodroplet

Helium nanodroplet isolation and infrared laser spectroscopy are used to investigate the CH(3) + O(2) reaction. Helium nanodroplets are doped with methyl radicals that are generated in an effusive pyrolysis source. Downstream from the introduction of CH(3), the droplets are doped with O(2) from a gas pick-up cell. The CH(3) + O(2) reaction therefore occurs between sequentially picked-up and presumably cold CH(3) and O(2) reactants. The reaction is known to lead barrierlessly to the methyl peroxy radical, CH(3)OO. The ~30 kcal/mol bond energy is dissipated by helium atom evaporation, and the infrared spectrum in the CH stretch region reveals a large abundance of droplets containing the cold, helium solvated CH(3)OO radical. The CH(3)OO infrared spectrum is assigned on the basis of comparisons to high-level ab initio calculations and to the gas phase band origins and rotational constants.     

Thermochemistry of methyl and ethyl nitro, RNO2, and nitrite, RONO, organic compounds

Computational quantum theory is employed to determine the thermochemical properties of n-alkyl nitro and nitrite compounds: methyl and ethyl nitrites, CH3ONO and C2H5ONO, plus nitromethane and nitroethane, CH3NO2 and C2H5NO2, at 298.15 K using multilevel G3, CBS-QB3, and CBS-APNO composite methods employing both atomization and isodesmic reaction analysis. Structures and enthalpies of the corresponding aci-tautomers are also determined. The enthalpies of formation for the most stable conformers of methyl and ethyl nitrites at 298 K are determined to be -15.64 +/- 0.10 kcal mol-1 (-65.44 +/- 0.42 kJ mol-1) and -23.58 +/- 0.12 kcal mol-1 (-98.32 +/- 0.58 kJ mol-1), respectively. DeltafHo(298 K) of nitroalkanes are correspondingly evaluated at -17.67 +/- 0.27 kcal mol-1 (-74.1 +/- 1.12 kJ mol-1) and -25.06 +/- 0.07 kcal mol-1 (-121.2 +/- 0.29 kJ mol-1) for CH3NO2 and C2H5NO2. Enthalpies of formation for the aci-tautomers are calculated as -3.45 +/- 0.44 kcal mol-1 (-14.43 +/- 0.11 kJ mol-1) for aci-nitromethane and -14.25 +/- 0.44 kcal mol-1 (-59.95 +/- 1.84 kJ mol-1) for the aci-nitroethane isomers, respectively. Data are evaluated against experimental and computational values in the literature with recommendations. A set of thermal correction parameters to atomic (H, C, N, O) enthalpies at 0 K is developed, to enable a direct calculation of species enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, using atomization reaction and computation outputs.     

Reactions of 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl radicals with NO2-: time-resolved electron spin resonance

The reaction of the alpha-hydroxyalkyl radical of 2-propanol (1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl radical) with nitrite ions was characterized. A product of the reaction was assigned as the adduct nitro radical anion, [HO-C(CH(3))(2)NO(2)](*-). This radical was identified using time-resolved electron spin resonance (TRESR). The radical's magnetic parameters, the nitrogen hyperfine coupling constant (a(N) = 26.39 G), and its g-factor (2.0052) were the same as those of the nitro radical anion previously discovered in (*)OH spin-trapping experiments with the aci-anion of (CH(3))(2)CHNO(2). Production of [HO-C(CH(3))(2)NO(2)](*-) was determined to be 38% +/- 4% of the reaction of (CH(3))(2)C(*)-OH with nitrite. The reason why this fraction was less than 100% was rationalized by invoking the competitive addition at oxygen, which forms [HO-C(CH(3))(2)ONO](*-), followed by a rapid loss of (*)NO. Furthermore, by taking this mechanism into account, the bimolecular rate constant for the total reaction of (CH(3))(2)C(*)-OH with nitrite at reaction pH 7 was determined to be 1.6 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), using both decay traces of (CH(3))(2)C(*)-OH and growth traces of [HO-C(CH(3))(2)NO(2)](*-). This correspondence further confirms the nature of the reaction. The reaction mechanism is discussed with guidance by computations using density functional theory.