A new family of maximal curves over a finite field

It has been known for a long time that the Deligne–Lusztig curves associated to the algebraic groups of type and defined over the finite field all have the maximum number of -rational points allowed by the Weil “explicit formulas”, and that these curves are -maximal curves over infinitely many algebraic extensions of . Serre showed that an -rational curve which is -covered by an -maximal curve is also -maximal. This has posed the problem of the existence of -maximal curves other than the Deligne–Lusztig curves and their -subcovers, see for instance Garcia (On curves with many rational points over finite fields. In: Finite Fields with Applications to Coding Theory, Cryptography and Related Areas, pp. 152–163. Springer, Berlin, 2002) and Garcia and Stichtenoth (A maximal curve which is not a Galois subcover of the Hermitan curve. Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 37, 139–152, 2006). In this paper, a positive answer to this problem is obtained. For every q = n ³ with n = p ^r  > 2, p ≥ 2 prime, we give a simple, explicit construction of an -maximal curve that is not -covered by any -maximal Deligne–Lusztig curve. Furthermore, the -automorphism group Aut has size n ³(n ³ + 1)(n ² − 1)(n ² − n + 1). Interestingly, has a very large -automorphism group with respect to its genus . Research supported by the Italian Ministry MURST, Strutture geometriche, combinatoria e loro applicazioni, PRIN 2006–2007.     

On the Circumference of 2-Connected $$\mathcal{P}_{3}$$-Dominated Graphs

Let G be a connected graph. For at distance 2, we define , and , if then . G is quasi-claw-free if it satisfies , and G is P ₃-dominated() if it satisfies , for every pair (x, y) of vertices at distance 2. Certainly contains as a subclass. In this paper, we prove that the circumference of a 2-connected P ₃-dominated graph G on n vertices is at least min or , moreover if then G is hamiltonian or , where is a class of 2-connected nonhamiltonian graphs.     

Intersection homology Künneth theorems

Cohen, Goresky, and Ji showed that there is a Künneth theorem relating the intersection homology groups to and , provided that the perversity satisfies rather strict conditions. We consider biperversities and prove that there is a Künneth theorem relating to and for all choices of and . Furthermore, we prove that the Künneth theorem still holds when the biperversity p, q is “loosened” a little, and using this we recover the Künneth theorem of Cohen–Goresky–Ji.     

Sign-changing stationary solutions and blowup for the nonlinear heat equation in a ball

In this paper, we prove that if is a radially symmetric, sign-changing stationary solution of the nonlinear heat equation

Determination of simple CM abelian surfaces defined over $${\mathbb{Q}}$$

It is known that in the moduli space of elliptic curves, there exist precisely nine -rational points represented by an elliptic curve with complex multiplication by the maximal order of an imaginary quadratic field. In Murabayashi and Umegaki (J Algebra 235:267–274, 2001) and Umegaki [Determination of all -rational CM-points in the moduli spaces of polarized abelian surfaces, Analytic number theory (Beijng/Kyoto, 1999). Dev. Math., vol 6. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 349–357, 2002] we determined all -rational points in (the moduli space of d-polarized abelian surfaces) represented by a d-polarized abelian surface whose endomorphism ring is isomorphic to the maximal order of a quartic CM-field by using the result in Murabayashi (J Reine Angew Math 470:1–26, 1996). In this paper, we prove that polarized abelian surfaces corresponding to these -rational CM points have a -rational model by constructing certain Hecke characters.     

On $${\mathcal{F}}$$ -supplemented subgroups of finite groups

Let G be a finite group and a formation of finite groups. We say that a subgroup H of G is -supplemented in G if there exists a subgroup T of G such that G = TH and is contained in the -hypercenter of G/H _G . In this paper, we use -supplemented subgroups to study the structure of finite groups. A series of previously known results are unified and generalized. Research of the author is supported by a NNSF grant of China (Grant #10771180).     

Amenability,tubularity, and embeddings into $$\mathcal{R}^{\omega}$$

Suppose M is a tracial von Neumann algebra embeddable into (the ultraproduct of the hyperfinite II₁-factor) and X is an n-tuple of selfadjoint generators for M. Denote by Γ(X; m, k, γ) the microstate space of X of order (m, k ,γ). We say that X is tubular if for any ε >  0 there exist and γ > 0 such that if then there exists a k × k unitary u satisfying for each 1 ≤  i ≤  n. We show that the following conditions are equivalent:

All superconformal surfaces in $${\mathbb R^4}$$ in terms of minimal surfaces

We give an explicit construction of any simply connected superconformal surface in Euclidean space in terms of a pair of conjugate minimal surfaces . That is superconformal means that its ellipse of curvature is a circle at any point. We characterize the pairs (g, h) of conjugate minimal surfaces that give rise to images of holomorphic curves by an inversion in and to images of superminimal surfaces in either a sphere or a hyperbolic space by an stereographic projection. We also determine the relation between the pairs (g, h) of conjugate minimal surfaces associated to a superconformal surface and its image by an inversion. In particular, this yields a new transformation for minimal surfaces in .     

Solutions of elliptic problems with nonlinearities of linear growth

In this paper, we study existence of nontrivial solutions to the elliptic equation

Laguerre geometry of hypersurfaces in $$\mathbb{R}^{n}$$

Laguerre geometry of surfaces in is given in the book of Blaschke [Vorlesungen über Differentialgeometrie, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1929)], and has been studied by Musso and Nicolodi [Trans. Am. Math. soc. 348, 4321–4337 (1996); Abh. Math. Sem. Univ. Hamburg 69, 123–138 (1999); Int. J. Math. 11(7), 911–924 (2000)], Palmer [Remarks on a variation problem in Laguerre geometry. Rendiconti di Mathematica, Serie VII, Roma, vol. 19, pp. 281–293 (1999)] and other authors. In this paper we study Laguerre differential geometry of hypersurfaces in . For any umbilical free hypersurface with non-zero principal curvatures we define a Laguerre invariant metric g on M and a Laguerre invariant self-adjoint operator : TM → TM, and show that is a complete Laguerre invariant system for hypersurfaces in with n≥ 4. We calculate the Euler–Lagrange equation for the Laguerre volume functional of Laguerre metric by using Laguerre invariants. Using the Euclidean space , the semi-Euclidean space and the degenerate space we define three Laguerre space forms , and and define the Laguerre embeddings and , analogously to what happens in the Moebius geometry where we have Moebius space forms S ⁿ , and (spaces of constant curvature) and conformal embeddings and [cf. Liu et al. in Tohoku Math. J. 53, 553–569 (2001) and Wang in Manuscr. Math. 96, 517–534 (1998)]. Using these Laguerre embeddings we can unify the Laguerre geometry of hypersurfaces in , and . As an example we show that minimal surfaces in or are Laguerre minimal in .C. Wang Partially supported by RFDP and Chuang-Xin-Qun-Ti of NSFC.     

Intersecting subvarieties of $${G_m^n}$$ with algebraic subgroups

Let be an irreducible closed subvariety defined over . We bound the height of algebraic points on X that are in a certain sense close to the union of all algebraic subgroup of of dimension m < n/dim X. The bound we obtain is effective and will be expressed as a function of the height of X, the degree of X, and n. We then apply this bound to derive certain finiteness results if m is also strictly less than n − dim X.     

Semicrossed products of simple C*-algebras

Let and be C*-dynamical systems and assume that is a separable simple C*-algebra and that α and β are *-automorphisms. Then the semicrossed products and are isometrically isomorphic if and only if the dynamical systems and are outer conjugate. K. R. Davidson was partially supported by an NSERC grant. E. G. Katsoulis was partially supported by a summer grant from ECU     

Free holomorphic functions and interpolation

In this paper we obtain a noncommutative multivariable analogue of the classical Nevanlinna–Pick interpolation problem for analytic functions with positive real parts on the open unit disc. Given a function , where is an arbitrary subset of the open unit ball , we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a free holomorphic function g with complex coefficients on the noncommutative open unit ball such that

The Extremal Truncated Moment Problem

For a degree 2n real d-dimensional multisequence to have a representing measure μ, it is necessary for the associated moment matrix to be positive semidefinite and for the algebraic variety associated to β, , to satisfy rank card as well as the following consistency condition: if a polynomial vanishes on , then . We prove that for the extremal case , positivity of and consistency are sufficient for the existence of a (unique, rank -atomic) representing measure. We also show that in the preceding result, consistency cannot always be replaced by recursiveness of . The first-named author’s research was partially supported by NSF Research Grants DMS-0099357 and DMS-0400741. The second-named author’s research was partially supported by NSF Research Grant DMS-0201430 and DMS-0457138.     

Rate of Type II blowup for a semilinear heat equation

A solution u of a Cauchy problem for a semilinear heat equation

$${\mathcal{R}}$$ -boundedness,pseudodifferential operators,and maximal regularity for some classes of partial differential operators

It is shown that an elliptic scattering operator A on a compact manifold with boundary with operator valued coefficients in the morphisms of a bundle of Banach spaces of class () and Pisier’s property (α) has maximal regularity (up to a spectral shift), provided that the spectrum of the principal symbol of A on the scattering cotangent bundle avoids the right half-plane. This is accomplished by representing the resolvent in terms of pseudodifferential operators with -bounded symbols, yielding by an iteration argument the -boundedness of λ(A−λ)⁻¹ in for some . To this end, elements of a symbolic and operator calculus of pseudodifferential operators with -bounded symbols are introduced. The significance of this method for proving maximal regularity results for partial differential operators is underscored by considering also a more elementary situation of anisotropic elliptic operators on with operator valued coefficients.     

A geometric inequality in the Heisenberg group and its applications to stable solutions of semilinear problems

In the Heisenberg group framework, we obtain a geometric inequality for stable solutions of in a domain . More precisely, if we denote the horizontal intrinsic Hessian by Hu, the mean curvature of a level set by h, its imaginary curvature by p, the intrinsic normal by ν and the unit tangent by υ, we have that

Partial regularity for polyconvex functionals depending on the Hessian determinant

We prove a C ^2,α partial regularity result for local minimizers of polyconvex variational integrals of the type , where Ω is a bounded open subset of , and is a convex function, with subquadratic growth.     

Three-dimensional sets with small sumset

We describe the structure of three dimensional sets of lattice points, having a small doubling property. Let be a finite subset of ℤ³ such that dim = 3. If and , then lies on three parallel lines. Moreover, for every three dimensional finite set that lies on three parallel lines, if , then is contained in three arithmetic progressions with the same common difference, having together no more than terms. These best possible results confirm a recent conjecture of Freiman and cannot be sharpened by reducing the quantity υ or by increasing the upper bounds for .     

Variational integrals of splitting-type: higher integrability under general growth conditions

Besides other things we prove that if , , locally minimizes the energy