电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱法分析贻贝标准物质

采用电感耦合等离子体光谱和质谱法分析了贻贝标准物质,光谱法测定Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ａｌ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ和Ｓｒ,质谱法测定Ａｓ、Ｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、ＣｕＧａ、Ｇｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｅ、Ｓｒ、Ｕ和Ｖ。在优化的工作条件下,测定了来自基体元素Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｃｌ的Ｃ的多原子离子＾３９Ｋ＾１６Ｏ、＾３９Ｋ２、＾４０Ａｒ＾２３Ｎａ、＾４３Ｃａ＾１６Ｏ、＾４２Ｃａ＾１６Ｏ、＾３１Ｐ＾１６     

Synthesis of Carbon Nanohorns by Inductively Coupled Plasma

We demonstrate a new pathway for the synthesis of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in a reactor by using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and gaseous precursors. Thermal plasma synthesis allows the formation of different carbon allotropes such as carbon nanoflakes, hybrid forms of flakes and nanotubules, CNHs embryos, seed-like CNHs and onion-like polyhedral graphitic nanocapsules. In this study, pressure has the greatest impact on the selectivity of carbon nanostructures: pressure below 53.3 kPa favors the growth of carbon nanoflakes and higher pressures, 66.7 kPa and above, promotes the formation of CNHs. The ratio between methane and hydrogen as well as the global concentration of CH₄?+?H₂ inside the plasma flame are also crucial to the reaction. CNHs are formed preferentially by injection of a 1:2 ratio of H₂ to CH₄ at 82.7 kPa with a production rate of 20 g/h. The synthesis pathway is easily scalable and could be made continuous, which offers an interesting alternative compared to methods based on laser-, arc- or induction-based vaporization of graphite rods.

Graphical Abstract

     

盐酸苯海拉明的 ICP-AES法间接测定

建立了一种间接测定盐酸苯海拉明的方法;在pH4.0时 ,将盐酸苯海拉明与Cu2 和锌试剂的三元混配络合物萃入甲基异丁酮 (MIBK)和磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)的混合萃取剂中 ,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP -AES)测定有机相中的Cu2 ,从而间接测定盐酸苯海拉明含量;方法测定线性范围在10～100mg·L -1 ,检出限为0.35mg·L-1,回收率为76 %～107 % ,相对标准偏差 (RSD ,n=10)<3%;方法简便、快速、准确 ,线性范围宽 ,实际测定结果令人满意。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定口含烟中的钠

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定口含烟中钠的方法,并对影响测定结果的主要因素进行了优化. 结果表明,方法检出限和定量限分别为0. 553 4 和1. 845 μg / Kg,平均回收率为92. 00% ~ 97. 63%,RSD 低于5. 535% （n = 6）. 应用方法对不同品牌的口含烟样品进行了检测,结果显示,不同品牌口含烟中钠含量水平差异明显.     

Analysis of Borosilicate Catalysts by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Abstract

A method was developed for the analysis of borosilicate catalysts. Samples were prepared by fusion technique with potassium hydroxide and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The method was applied to a borosilicate NIST SRM 93 which was analyzed for major and minor elements (aluminum, sodium, silicon and boron). Despite the presence of relatively high concentration of the potassium, no matrix interferences were observed. This method provides precision and accuracy better than ±4% and ±6%, respectively.     

RF Plasma Deposition of PEO-Like Films: Diagnostics and Process Control

Organic thin films deposited by means of radio-frequency glow discharges fed with Triglyme vapors have been investigated to explore the feasibility for deposition of organic thin films with polyethylene oxide-like features. The film chemical composition has been analyzed by means of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and FT Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. Plasma phase diagnostics has been accomplished by means of Optical Emission Spectroscopy. It is shown that the surface density of ether carbon, which is considered the marker of the content of ethylene oxide units in the coating, decreases as the power input is increased. It is also shown that the retention of monomer structure in the film can be easily controlled in situ by actinometric optical emission spectroscopy.     

Rapid Elemental Analysis of Sugarcane Spirits by Inductively Coupled Plasma: Optical Emission Spectrometry

A simple, direct, and rapid method was developed and employed to determine arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and nickel in sugarcane spirits by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The samples were analyzed directly, avoiding the need for sample treatment or the use of toxic chemicals in agreement with the green chemistry principles. The accuracy was evaluated using spiked trials at three levels for each contaminant, with recoveries between 83 and 115%. High sensitivity was obtained, with limits of detection less than 0.008?mg?L^?1 for all elements but copper (0.05 mg?L^?1), in agreement with Brazilian and The Common Market of the South regulations. Low values of coefficient of variation were also observed, 0.4 to 7.7% for all analytes. The analysis time and sample amount required for the direct method were lower than methods that use sample treatment procedures, which is very positive for routine laboratory analysis.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱/质谱联机同时测定多金属结核中常量、微量、痕量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)与等离子体光谱(ICP-OES)联机同时测定多金属结核样品中常量、微量、痕量元素。样品经高压密封溶样弹消解后,一次气动雾化进样,ICP-OES测定常量和微量元素,ICP-MS测定微量和痕量元素。详细探讨了不同浓度范围元素的测定方式、元素分析信号的采集模式、多原子离子干扰的校正因子。采用ICP-MS与ICP-OES二种方式同时测定Co、Cu、Ni、Zn、V、Ba、Sr,分析结果表明具有较好的一致性。所建立的ICP-MS与ICP-OES联机检测技术用于多金属结核标准样品的分析(Nod-A-1,GSPN-1,GSPN-2,GSPN-3),分析结果与推荐值符合,相对标准偏差小于10％。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱技术测定海水中锡化学形态

建立了反相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术(HPLC-ICP-MS),用于测定海水中一丁基锡(MBT)、二丁基锡(DBT)、三丁基锡(TBT)和三苯基锡(TPhT)。分别使用两种不同色谱柱C18ACE和TC-C18,缓冲溶液V(acetonitrile)∶V(water)∶V(acetic acid)∶V(TEA)=65∶23∶12∶0.005%,在分别在流速0.2和0.4 mL/min下对4种不同形态的锡进行分离。所建立的方法在20μL进样量下,对DBT、MBT、TBT及TPhT的检出限分别为30、50、80及10 ng/L。对青岛沿岸海水分析的结果表明海水中DBT、TPT含量分别为35和20 ng/L,而MBT及TBT的含量则低于本方法的检出限。     

Exploratory Analysis for Elemental Characterization of Biomass Residues From Biodiesel Production by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Edible and non-edible seeds with high oil content are used as the main raw material for biodiesel production. The residual biomass (press cake or oil cake) can be used as animal feed, to aggregate value to the biodiesel production cycle. In this work, a microwave-assisted-digestion procedure for elementary determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) using dilute nitric acid was developed. Inter-laboratorial reference material was used to check the accuracy. A full factorial design in addition to exploratory analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to classify the samples: press cakes from castor (Ricinus communis), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), radish (Raphanus sativus), sunflower (Heliantus annus), and coffee (Coffe arabica), according to their similarities.     

Determination of Uranium and Thorium Isotope Ratios by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Measurement conditions were selected and a procedure was proposed for determining the ²³⁴U/²³⁸U and ²³⁰Th/²³²Th isotope ratios using an ELEMENT single-channel double-focusing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The procedure was tested in analyzing bottom sediments from Lake Baikal with the extraction preconcentration of uranium and thorium. The accuracy of the procedure was verified using certified reference materials and a model solution by comparing the results obtained with the data of spectrometry.     

电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定植株中的硼

1引言 硼是植物必需的微量元素之一。测定植物中硼的方法有甲亚胺比色法、姜黄素比色法、等离子发射光谱法、原子吸收分光光度法等。由于硼的原子化温度较高,原子吸收分光光度法测硼已很少用。姜黄素比色法灵敏度高,但由于显色条件要求严格。不易操作。目前应用最广泛的是甲亚胺比色法和等离子发射光谱法。后者不仅快速、方便、准确,而且其待测液可同时测定磷、钾、硫、铜、锌、铁、锰等植物必需元素的含量,能在实际应用中发挥着更加重要的作用。本实验借鉴石墨炉原子吸收基体改进剂的原理,在样品干灰化中加入适量的Mg（NO3）2或者CaCl2溶液,可使灰化温度从500℃提高到700℃而硼不挥发损失,用ICP-AES测定硼干扰少,检出限为0．0045mg／L,可满足植物测硼的需要。     

Analysis of Cadmium and Cadmium Oxide by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

A procedure of the multielement analysis of cadmium and cadmium oxide by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry is proposed. The effect of the concentration of the matrix component on the analytical signals of impurity elements is studied and the analytical lines of the analytes are chosen. For the chosen concentration of the matrix component, the optimum conditions of analysis are selected, i.e., power delivered to the plasma and the flow rate of sputtering argon gas. The accuracy of the developed procedure, ensuring the determination of up to 41 impurity elements with limits of detection in the range from n × 10^–7 to n × 10^–4 wt %, is estimated.     

芯片纳流动注射-等离子体质谱测定血浆中的铂

本研究基于微芯片设计了一个纳流动注射系统。将样品装载到芯片的采样通道,通过八通阀的阀位切换实现纳升试样带注射到等离子体质谱。注射体积取决于采样通道的尺寸,5～25 mm长的采样通道引入试样体积为40～200 nL。此纳流动注射系统具有试样消耗低、进样精度高(优于3.0%)、进样死体积极低(接近零)和加工简便等优点。芯片纳流动注射系统的进样量和载流流速分别为200 nL和20!L/min,可获得峰高最强、峰宽较窄的瞬时信号峰。最佳条件下纳流动注射系统的绝对检出限为2.54 fg,比常规进样系统改善了3244倍,样品通量48 h"1。10次测定20!g/L Pt标准溶液和血浆样品S1的精密度分别为1.5%和2.7%。采用纳流动注射系统和常规进样系统测定的6个血浆中Pt含量一致,加标回收率为94.3%～103.0%,表明前者具有很好的准确性。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中有效态微量元素

以NaNO3为提取剂,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术同时测定土壤中有效态Cu、Cd、Cr、Zn、Ni、Pb、Mn 7种微量元素.考察了基体效应以及质谱干扰等因素,引入Rh为内标元素有效地克服了基体效应所引起的测量偏差.方法的检出限为0.033～0.21 μg/L,样品加标回收率为92.1％～116.8％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.07％.     

水中铀的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定水中铀的方法。优化了仪器工作条件,通过基体匹配消除了无机酸基体干扰。方法检出限为0.15 mg/L,对5.000 0 mg/L铀标准溶液测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.98%(n=10),加标回收率为95%~106%,方法准确可靠。     

A Procedure for the Deposition of Macrocomponents in Determining Selenium and Tellurium in Metallurgical Materials by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Journal of Analytical Chemistry - Studies on the separation of the Se and Te trace components from Co, Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr, Mo, and W macrocomponents for their determination by inductively coupled...     

等离子体质谱法测定珊瑚锶和钙

研究了珊瑚中Ｓｒ（～８０００ｕｇ／ｇ）、Ｃａ（～４００ｍｇ／ｇ）在同一份溶液中的等离子体质谱的同时测定。所有样品均加入Ｓｃ和Ｙ作内标元素分别控制测定Ｃａ和Ｓｒ时的仪器波动。本方法Ｓｒ、Ｃａ测量精度（ＲＳＤ％）分别～０．３％、～１％。９０个珊瑚样品Ｓｒ分析结果中,仅有７个样品Ｓｒ数据与同位素稀释热电离质谱法数据相比,相对偏差较大（～１％）,其它数据相互吻合。本方法适合珊瑚样中Ｓｒ的快速测定,并可以此     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定土壤中的碘

通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定土壤中的碘。样品预处理采用艾斯卡试剂熔融、热水提取和阳离子树脂静态交换,试验加入了不同剂量的阳离子交换树脂在不同程度上降低了溶液中Na+ 和Zn2+^{等阳离子的盐效应干扰。研究了乙醇在}ICP-MS中对碘元素的增强效应,用3%的氨水溶液清洗进样系统,有效减少的碘的记忆效应和清洗时间。该方法线性范围宽,方法灵敏度高,检出限低,试剂用量少,环境友好。对苏州及周边区域若干非污染土壤点位进行采样、制备和测试,碘平均含量为2.7μg.g_-1^;同步测试国家有证标准物质,精密度和准确度良好。