高速跟驰交通流动力学模型研究

为研究道路交通中的高速跟驰物理现象,针对高速跟驰车辆特点,综合考虑了驾驶员换道决策行为以及随机慢化等因素,结合前景理论等方法,提出了一种用于模拟道路交通流中高速跟驰物理现象的动力学模型(简称HCCA模型).通过计算机数值模拟,研究了高速跟驰交通流物理现象演化机理及高速跟驰特性.结果表明:与对称的双车道元胞自动机动力学模型相比,本文建立的HCCA动力学模型能够再现道路高速跟驰物理现象,并得到了道路小间距高速跟驰率超过7%的结果与实测结果相符合,最后模拟得到了丰富的交通物理现象,再现了自由流、同步流及运动阻塞等复杂交通物理现象.     

金属材料在中强度激光辐照下的相变速度研究

在找出了使金属材料只发生液化相变的激光功率密度的前提下，借用金属液态与金属固态某些相似的性质，通过类比，给出了金属液化材料对激光的吸收率. 经过分析，指出了直接解析金属相变速度的不可能性. 通过建立金属液态内的能量方程，在质量守恒的前提下，求得了激光辐照金属的相变速度. 通过讨论发现，影响金属相变速度的因素不仅有激光的强度，而且还有激光的圆频率. 关键词： 金属材料 中强度激光 辐照 相变 速度     

Phase transition in evolution of traffic flow with scale-free property

This paper investigates the behaviour of traffic flow in traffic systems with a new model based on the NaSch model and cluster approximation of mean-field theory. The proposed model aims at constructing a mapping relationship between the microcosmic behaviour and the macroscopic property of traffic flow. Results demonstrate that scale-free phenomenon of the evolution network becomes obvious when the density value of traffic flow reaches at the critical point of phase transition from free flow to traffic congestion, and jamming is limited in this scale-free structure.     

一种新交通流跟驰模型的相变研究

本文通过数值仿真的方法研究了优化速度跟驰模型(OVM)描述由一辆预先给定速度曲线的头车运动而引起的车辆队列加速过程的性能，结果显示该模型在描述这一过程时具有某种缺陷。据此文章提出了一个新的模型，能够改进OVM的这一不足。对改进模型的线性稳定性分析表明：若稳定性条件不能满足，则随着初始均衡交通流车头间距的变化将会产生交通流的相变现象。     

Phase transition in gauge theories

In this short review we present the consequences of the spontaneously broken gauge theories will lead to when describing matter at high temperature and density. It appears various phase transitions should occur leading to the restoration of symmetry at high temperature of the originally broken one. Symmetry behaviour in external magnetic fields and in the early universe has been briefly mentioned.     

Li-ion batteries: Phase transition

Progress in the research on phase transitions during Li+extraction/insertion processes in typical battery materials is summarized as examples to illustrate the significance of understanding phase transition phenomena in Li-ion batteries.Physical phenomena such as phase transitions(and resultant phase diagrams) are often observed in Li-ion battery research and already play an important role in promoting Li-ion battery technology. For example, the phase transitions during Li+insertion/extraction are highly relevant to the thermodynamics and kinetics of Li-ion batteries, and even physical characteristics such as specific energy, power density, volume variation, and safety-related properties.     

相变与临界乳光现象

分别采用白炽聚光灯和氦氖激光器照射,观察六氟化硫在临界点附近的临界乳光现象.     

基于元胞自动机模型的高速公路可变速度限制交通流特性分析

在STNS模型的基础上,建立了可利用智能交通系统实时信息的高速公路可变速度限制区段元胞自动机模型,对动态速度控制区段的交通流特性进行模拟,分析了不同有效限速值、区段长度与交通状况下的限速对交通流和道路通行能力的影响,以及限速有效性条件．模拟结果表明可变速度限制作为交通管理控制的辅助手段,具有一定的使用条件,针对不同交通状况采用不同的最优限速值和区段长度的动态速度控制方法,可在保证交通安全的前提下达到抑制交通拥堵、减少车辆总通行时间从而提高道路实际通行能力的目的．     

Phase transition of hard hexagons on a triangular lattice

Systems of hard hexagons on a triangular lattice are investigated. The orientation of the hexagons is kept fixed, while the size of the hexagons is varied. The existence of a phase transition is proved for all sizes by means of the Peierls'argument. The proof does not imply a phase transition in the continuous limit.Work supported by the U. S. Air Force under Contract No. F 44620-71-C-0013.     

Phase transition of samarium under high pressure

Abstract

The DAC X-ray power photograph method was employed for studing the phase transition of samarium up to 26.3 GPa. The experimental results show that the dhcp and fcc high pressure phase of Sm appeared at about 4.0 and 12.5 GPa and room temperature respectively. The dhcp phase was kept until 19.6 GPa. A model for Sm-type -? dhcp -? fcc phase transition is provided in this paper.     

双轴性向列相液晶的相变理论

假设一双轴性向列相液晶分子简单相互作用模型，利用平均场理论，得到从各向同性相至单轴向列相、单轴向列相至双轴向列相的相变. 结果表明，在一定温度范围内，分子形状的非轴对称性可导致系统双轴向列相的产生. 在核磁共振实验中，导出双轴向列相序参数与谱线分裂频率间的一般关系，并讨论序参数测量性的可能性. 关键词： 向列相液晶 相变     

Dynamics of the geometric phase in the adiabatic limit of a quench induced quantum phase transition

The geometric phase associated with a many body ground state exhibits a signature of quantum phase transition. In this context, we have studied the behavior of the geometric phase during a linear quench caused by a gradual turning off of the magnetic field interacting with a spin chain.     

扩展Su-Schrieffer-Heeger模型在周期性边界条件下的相变

文章计算了含有三种跃迁项(最近邻(NN)、次近邻(NNN)、次次近邻(NNNN)跃迁项)的扩展Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)模型(模型ⅰ)的热力学特性.对仅含有二种跃迁项(NN、NNN跃迁项)的扩展SSH模型(模型ⅱ)、仅含有一种跃迁项(NN跃迁项)的SSH模型(模型ⅲ)也作了类似的计算.在低温下,每个模型都有相变且跃迁项的存在会降低相变温度.由于NNN跃迁项的存在,在极低温条件下,关于热容量与温度比(HCOTR)随温度变化的单调性,模型i与其它两个模型存在差异.在低温下,模型ⅰ的HCOTR的单调性,会受NN或NNN或NNNN跃迁项的影响并且NN或NNN跃迁项会影响其相变.     

Phase separation transition in a driven diffusive system with anti-ferromagnetic interaction

One-dimensional non-equilibrium systems with short-range interaction can undergo phase transitions from homogeneous states to phase separated states as interaction (?) among particles is increased. One of the model systems where such a transition has been observed is the extended Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn (KLS) model with ferromagnetically interacting particles at ?=4/5. Here, the system remains homogeneous for small interaction strength (?<4/5), and for anti-ferromagnetic interactions (?<0). We show that the phase separation transitions can also occur in anti-ferromagnetic systems if interaction among particles depends explicitly on the size of the block (n) they belong to. We study this transition in detail for a specific case ?=δ/n, where phase separation occurs for δ<−1.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的相变特征

研究玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的相变特征，证明了粒子间存在弱排斥相互作用的玻色系统的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚是二级相变。     

Extended speed gradient model for traffic flow on two-lane freeways

In this paper, the speed gradient (SG) model is extended to describe the traffic flow on two-lane freeways. Terms related to lane change are added into the continuity equations and velocity dynamic equations. The empirically observed two-lane phenomena, such as lane usage inversion and lane change rate versus density, are reproduced by extended SG model. The local cluster effect is also investigated by numerical simulations.     

高功率二极管激光器相变冷却技术

根据高功率二极管激光器的散热需求,设计了一种储能式相变冷却实验系统,并开展了喷雾相变冷却器和微通道相变冷却器的设计。采用多孔微结构的换热表面,用氨做制冷剂,实现了喷雾相变冷却器表面温度37 ℃时,散热功率密度达到了511 W/cm2。采用节流汽化原理,分别设计了背冷式相变微通道冷却器和薄片型的模块式相变微通道冷却器,背冷式相变微通道冷却器采用氨做制冷剂, 散热功率密度达到了550 W/cm2,采用R124做制冷剂,散热功率密度约270 W/cm2。采用R124做制冷剂,实现了脉冲激光功率3 kW和连续激光功率100 W的相变冷却二极管激光器模块封装。     

Phase transition for Ising frustration potentials

A frustration potential is a sum of interactions the terms of which are not simultaneously minimized even in the ground-state spin configurations. Ising models with such potentials can be discussed by the use of contours. The Peierls condition for the phase transition can be properly generalized, taking into account the presence of zero-energy contours. Frustration has some special features in two dimensions, which we study in detail. The connection with models of spin-glasses is discussed.