A power mode approach to estimating vibrational power transmitted by multiple sources

A power mode method for the estimation of the power transmitted to a flexible receiver by an array of point force excitations is described. The vibrational power transmitted by N discrete point forces is regarded as the power transmitted by N independent power modes following eigendecomposition of the mobility matrix of the receiving structure. Approximate expressions for the upper and lower bounds and the mean value of the transmitted power are then developed in terms of these power modes. The approach is extended to more general cases, including that where both force and moment excitations are applied to the structure and where there are velocity source excitations. Numerical examples are presented.     

Model of pulsed Nd:GSAG laser at 942?nm considering rate equations with cavity structure

The laser resonator structure and beam diameter change with the pump power due to the thermal lens effect. This influences the output power. With increasing pump power, the output power sharply decreases when the cavity becomes unstable. In order to describe this situation, rate equations considering the cavity structure and the thermal lens effect are presented; numerical methods are used to solve them. This modeling can be used in repetitively pulsed laser systems when the thermal lens depends on the average pump power, while the peak value of the output power and pump power are considered by the rate equations. Experiments are performed with 50 Hz LD diode pumped Nd:GSAG laser crystal operating at the quasi-three-level laser transition with 942 nm wavelength. Fitting the calculated results to experimental data allows to determine the cavity loss. PACS  42.55.Xi; 42.60.Da     

Compact,wide bandwidth,multi-channel power dividers based on one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides

We propose novel compact multiport power dividers based on one-dimensional photonic crystal omnidirectional reflective waveguides. The proposed power dividers have advantages of wide bandwidth, flexible extended output channel number and compact size. The power dividers are numerical simulations using finite-difference time-domain method. Near-complete transmission and uniform at every branch of output power of multi-port power dividers are observed within wide frequency range. For a 1D PhC 1 × 6 power divider, the six output port achieved nearly 16.5% transmission at each arm from 1545 nm to 1553 nm and the size of 1 × 6 power divider is 14.3 μm × 14.3 μm at 1.55 μm operation wavelength.     

LD-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> laser at 1342 nm with high initial transmission V:YAG saturable absorber

We have realized, for the first time to our knowledge, the passive Q-switching operation of an LD-pumped Nd:GdVO₄ laser at 1342 nm with V:YAG saturable absorber of initial transmission as high as 96%. This laser is investigated under different transmissions of the output coupler. The dependences of average output power, pulse width, pulse repetition rate, single-pulse energy and peak power on incident pump power are also measured. The shortest pulse width of 80 ns, the maximum single-pulse energy of 19.5 μJ and the highest peak power of 244 W are obtained with the output coupler of T = 15% and the pump power of 7.93 W. We find a special experimental phenomenon that the pulse repetition rate begins to drop after reaching the peak with the increase of the pump power. This phenomenon is analyzed and the theoretical calculations are consistent with the experimental results.     

One- and two-barrier excilamps on xenon dimers operating in the VUV range

Spontaneous emission sources in the VUV range based on one- and two-barrier pulsed-periodic gas (Xe) discharges are experimentally investigated. Volt-coulomb figures, as well as typical waveforms of current pulses and discharge voltage are presented. The time dependences of the voltage drop across the gas-discharge plasma, excitation power, and excitation energy are calculated. The radiation power versus xenon pressure, exciting pulse repetition rate, and average excitation power is determined. The radiation power average densities for one- and two-barrier excilamps are found to be 20–30 and ～40 mW/cm², respectively.     

大功率GaN基发光二极管等效串联电阻的功率耗散及其对发光效率的影响

由于自加热效应的存在,大功率GaN基发光二极管(LED)的芯片温度有可能高出环境温度很多,实验中,芯片温度超出环境高达147 K.从实验测量的大功率LED电流电压特性曲线中,将p-n结和等效串联电阻上的电压降落分离出来,得到了大功率LED等效串联电阻随芯片温度的变化情况.在输入电功率自加热效应的影响下,大功率GaN基LED等效串联电阻呈现出剧烈的变化,其阻值由低输入功率时的1.2 Ω降低到0.9 Ω,然后再升高到1.9 Ω,等效串联电阻的功率耗散在输入功率中所占的比例也随着输入功率的增加迅速增加,最高时接 关键词： 自加热 等效串联电阻 发光二极管 流明效率     

Thermoelectric Generator on CeB<Subscript>6</Subscript> Crystal: a Study of its Characteristics

Experimental results that demonstrate the electric power generation by using thermoelectric generator on CeB₆ crystal at temperatures below 10 K are presented. The dependence of output power, electric current and efficiency of the generator at various external heating power, loads and ambient temperature are studied. The features of the obtained current-voltage characteristics of the superconductor, fed by the electric current of thermoelectric generator are discussed.     

Stochastically excited waves in a 1D random medium – the mean field and power spectrum

Scalar wave propagation is examined when both the wave source and the propagation speed are random. Results are derived for the mean field and the power spectrum using the second-order Born approximation. The results depend on whether the source S(x, t) and the propagation speed c(x, t) are correlated or not. When they are uncorrelated, the mean field is zero. When they are correlated, the mean field is non-zero only when the source is non-stationary. The power spectrum is incoherent to leading order. There is a transfer of energy from lower to higher frequencies owing to wave scattering. The corresponding frequency upshift of the power profile in the (k, ω) domain is mainly caused by the cross power between the direct and the twice scattered field, which represents a second-order incoherent power contribution. The results are confirmed using a numerical solution of the wave equation where the scattered field is expanded to fifth order.     

Simple sound power measurements

A simple method of measuring sound power is described. Noise is added from a second calibrated source until the room sound pressure level is increased by 3 dB. The noise output of the device is then equal to the added power. A simple loudspeaker, modified to reduce the effect of the environment on the sound power output, is used as the calibrated source of sound power. Checks show that the sound power readings are substantially independent of the room in which they are made.     

Unstable plasma characteristics in mirror field electron cyclotron resonance microwave ion source

Electron cyclotron plasma reactor are prone to instabilities in specific input power [3–7] region (150–450 watts). In this region power absorption by gas molecules in the cavity is very poor and enhanced input power gets reflected substantially without increasing ion density. There are abrupt changes in plasma characteristics when input power was decreased from maximum to minimum, it was observed that reflected power changed from <2% to ∼50%. Minimum two jumps in reflected power were noticed in this specific power region and these appear to be highly sensitive to three stub tuner position in the waveguide for this particular input power zone. Unstable plasma region of this source is found to be dependent upon the magnetic field strength. Some changes in reflected power are also noticed with pressure, flow and bias and they are random in nature.     

HL-2M 装置电子回旋共振加热高压电源系统的研制

为满足 HL-2M 装置电子回旋共振加热、低杂波电流驱动、中性束注入等二级加热系统的需要,设 计了多套基于脉冲步进技术的大功率高压电源,为速调管、回旋管及中性束、离子源等提供高压。重点针对一套 用于电子回旋系统的高压电源进行了分析。该高压电源设计了多副边绕组的高压隔离变压器、全固态高压调制器 和电源控制系统,并得出了适合本电源控制的控制算法,易于调整高压的输出幅值以及高压的上升下降时间。最 后给出实验结果,以验证电源的保护能力、电源控制算法的可操作性及实用性。试验证明,此套电源不仅满足对 负载的快速保护的要求,其电源工作的稳定度等其它参数也满足设计要求。      

The new technique of harmonic power combination—Millimeter-wave quasi-optical harmonic power combination

In this paper, the new technique of harmonic power combination—millimeter -wave quasi-optical harmonic power combination is presented. In this technique, by compounding several closed resonators with a quasi-optical open resonator, the harmonic powers of active devices are combined, which takes effectively respective advantages of closed cavity power combination and open cavity power combination and improve the combination efficiency of multiple-device harmonic power combiner. The experimental results for W-band are given and shown this combination method is available.     

Characterization of tungsten-titanium oxide electrode for electrochromic applications

Titanium oxide films are of critical importance for the electrochromic device technology. The substrate, a conductive glass being coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films, was deposited tungsten and titanium oxide by pulsed co-sputtering deposition system. The film thickness increased with the ion beam power. However, the slope of the curve of thickness against power at an ion beam power of less than 300 W was greater than that at a power of 400 or 500 W. A high ion beam power resulted produced a crystalline structure, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, increasing the ion beam power resulted in the high Li-ions transport. The electrochromic behavior was optimal at an ion beam power of 200 W.     

He–SrCl2 vapor laser excited by Blumlein discharge circuit

An investigation of a He–SrCl₂ vapor laser excited by Blumlein discharge circuit is performed. Dependences of laser output power on the working parameters are obtained by experiment. The optimal operating parameters for lasing on several strontium atom and ion lines are found. The multi-line average output power of 1.32 W and the power specific of 12.46 mW/cm³ are achieved, of which more than 78.1% is concentrated at the 6.45 μm laser line.     

Continuous-wave and Q-switched laser operation of Nd:Gd0.18Y0.82VO4 mixed crystal

Efficient continuous-wave (cw), passively Q-switched, and actively Q-switched laser operations are demonstrated with a mixed vanadate crystal of Nd:Gd_0.18Y_0.82VO₄ under diode pumping. In a cw operation, an output power of 8.25 W is obtained at a maximum available incident pump power (P_in) of 15 W, with a slope efficiency of 56%. Using a Cr⁴⁺:YAG crystal of initial transmission of 62% as the saturable absorber for Q-switching, an average output power of 3.05 W is generated at pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 16.7 kHz when the laser is pumped with the same maximum P_in. The pulse energy, pulse duration, and peak power are 183.3 μJ, 6.0 ns, and 30.6 kW, respectively. When actively Q-switched by an acousto-optic modulator, the laser produces an average output power of 5.5 W at PRF of 30 kHz with 16.2 W of pump power incident upon the laser crystal. The pulse energy, duration, and peak power are measured to be 183 μJ, 10.5 ns, and 17.5 kW, respectively.     

Circuit analysis of the compound quasi-optical power combiner

In 1991, we developed a new type of quasi-optical power combiner, called a compound quasi-optical power combiner, at Ka-band. In this paper, the circuit of such a compound quasi-optical power combiner is analysed. Its equivalent circuit model is proposed. The circuit equations, the balance condition, the injection locking and the stabilized condition of the compound quasi-optical power combiner are studed by the equivalent circuit model. As an example, a compound quasi-optical power combiner which consists of two single—cavity, two—device power combiners is analysed     

Theoretical analysis and heat dissipation of mid-infrared chalcogenide fiber Raman laser

Based on the structure of mid-infrared chalcogenide fiber Raman laser, the nonlinear coupled equations and heat dissipation equations are constructed. The effects of laser parameters including pump power, fiber length, reflectance of output coupler and fiber loss coefficient on laser performance are numerically analyzed. The results show that the Raman laser pumped at 2 μm can operate at high slope efficiency using the optimized structure parameters. In addition, the output laser power decreases dramatically with the increasing of fiber loss coefficient. Moreover, the temperature distributions along the fiber radial and axial directions and the maximum temperature versus launched pump power are calculated according to the heat dissipation equations. The results show that the maximum temperature in the fiber increases dramatically with the increasing launched pump power, which is above 300 °C for launched pump power of 21 W. The above obtained results can be used for theoretical guiding and optimizing design of practical chalcogenide fiber Raman laser.     

Characteristics of the vibrational power flow propagation in a submerged periodic ring-stiffened cylindrical shell

By using space-harmonic analysis method, the characteristics of the vibrational power flow propagation in an infinite periodic ring-stiffened cylindrical shell immersed in water are studied. The harmonic motion of the shell and the sound pressure field in the fluid are described by Flügge shell equations and Helmholtz equation, respectively, and four kinds of the rings’ forces and moments are considered. Along the shell axial direction, the propagation of the power flow carried by different internal forces (moments) of the shell wall can be obtained, thus the total power flow in the shell wall and the ratios of the component power flow carried by different shell internal forces (moments) to the total power flow are also studied. It is found that characteristics of the vibrational power flow propagation vary with different circumferential modes order and different frequencies. Moreover, the presence of the stiffeners and structural damping will greatly influence the results.     

HL-2A装置低杂波天线3-dB功分器设计

基于微波奇偶模理论、叠加原理和阻抗匹配理论分析设计了3-dB功率分配器的结构参数,使用高频电磁场仿真软件HFSS进行结构仿真和参数优化,得到了最优结果：输入端口1的反射损耗RL=-41.42dB;1和4端口的隔离度Iso=-44.86dB;输出端口2、3的功分度为-3.02 dB和-3.01 dB;输入驻波比VSWR=1.017。