用激光二极管自混合干涉测量距离

通过改变激光二极管工作电流,利用自混合干涉信号的相位变化来测量外腔长度.激光二极管工作电流变化导致激光频率变化.工作电流变化引起的干涉信号的相位变化与外腔长度成正比.干涉信号的相位变化2π,对应光频变化的等效长度的1/2.由于改变工作电流激光二极管激光光频可调节范围远小于激光频率,光频变化的等效长度远大于激光波长,激光二极管自混合干涉测量距离的精度远小于测量位移的精度.     

马赫曾德环腔相位调制器的研究

为提高相位调制器的调制效率,结合单直波导光学环腔与带反馈的马赫曾德,提出用环形谐振腔等效为马赫曾德的上、下臂的新结构.采用耦合模理论推导了该模型的输出相位及归一化光强输出公式,数值分析了传输损耗因子、耦合角度对归一化输出光强及输出相位的影响.分析表明,输出光相位谱线随敏感环相位改变呈周期性变化,当耦合角度逐渐增大时,输出光相位谱线变尖锐,此时若要使输出相位产生π的相位差,敏感环的相位调制角度需较大.当传输因子较小时,相位谱线变化比较平缓,其最大值与最小值之间的差值不满足π的相位差.根据分析结果对结构参量进行优化,发现通过调节敏感环结构的耦合系数可以提高调制效率,仿真结果表明,当敏感环相位变化0.1π时,可以输出π的相位变化,同时归一化光强保持在0.9,满足了差分相移键控所需要的相位变化和信号幅度一致的要求,为进一步研究相位调制器提供理论依据.     

弱散射体产生的菲涅耳极深区散斑场相位涡旋演化的实验研究

实验提取了弱散射体产生的菲涅耳极深区的散斑场.发现当散射距离一定时,弱散射体光场的相位分布特征随散射体的粗糙度的变化而变化;对于某一弱散射体,相位分布特征随散射距离的变化而变化;当弱散射体的粗糙度大到一定程度时,才产生相位涡旋现象;散射体表面上存在相位涡旋;弱散射体产生的相位涡旋的密度随散射屏粗糙度的增大而增大,还随散射距离的增大而增大.研究结果对于认识弱散射体的相位及相位涡旋分布特征随粗糙度和散射距离的演化具有重要意义,而且对于认识散斑场随散射距离的演化有一定的帮助.     

激发压缩真空态的相位概率分布

应用Pegg和Barnett提出的相位算符和相位态理论,研究了激发压缩真空态的相位概率分布特性.数值计算结果表明,激发压缩真空态的相位概率分布主要受到相位参量和压缩参量的调节,相位参量使相位概率分布呈峰值结构,压缩参量的变化将影响相位概率分布的峰值强度,此外激发光子数对相位概率分布也有较大的影响.     

泵浦光和信号光之间的相位漂移对级联PSA光传输系统传输性能影响的研究

本文研究相敏光放大器(PSA)中泵浦光相位不能完全跟踪信号光相位时,即两者之间存在相位漂移时,对以PSA作为光中继放大器的高速光纤通信系统传输性能的影响.通过计算机系统仿真,我们得到在不同的相位漂移下,高速信号脉冲眼图劣化度随光纤色散变化的曲线,以及不同传输速率下信号眼图劣化度随放大器相位漂移量变化的曲线.由仿真结果可知,如相位漂移控制在一定范围内,其对系统性能几乎没有影响.但超出此范围时,则系统性能迅速劣化.     

光波p分量在单轴晶体表面反射和折射的相位特性

根据单轴晶体的双折射和双反射性质,通过数值计算研究了光轴在入射面内并与晶体界面成任意角时光波p分量在单轴晶体表面反射和折射的相位特性.结果表明,光轴取向对相位变化有较大影响,光从光疏各向同性介质射入单轴晶体时,光轴方向改变反射光p分量的相位突变点,但对折射光p分量相位无影响.光从光密各向同性介质射入单轴晶体未发生全反射时,光轴方向同时影响p分量反射光和折射光的相位突变;发生全反射后,光轴方向影响反射光p分量的相位变化曲线.从单轴晶体出射到光疏各向同性介质未发生全反射时,光轴方向改变反射光p分量的相位跃变规律,折射光p分量在光轴方向和晶面成小角度时在布儒斯特角附近发生相位突变;发生全反射后,反射光p分量的相位变化曲线随光轴方向的改变发生较大变化.     

热敏电阻用于补偿Y波导温度漂移

铌酸锂集成光学相位调制器(Y波导)是数字闭环光纤陀螺的核心器件.温度变化引起相位调制器产生附加相位漂移,直接影响标度因数的稳定性,从而导致光纤陀螺零点漂移.因此,补偿温度引起Y波导附加相位漂移显得尤其重要.本文提出在Y波导驱动电路的运放电路中引入热敏电阻.利用热敏电阻的温度特性构建了温度补偿电路.温度变化引起运放电路放大倍数的改变,Y波导上调制电压的变化从而补偿温度引起Y波导的附加相位漂移.理论计算和实验结果证明,该方法可以简单、方便地提高光纤陀螺、光纤电流传感器等仪表的温度稳定性.     

光波p分量在单轴晶体表面反射和折射的相位特性

根据单轴晶体的双折射和双反射性质,通过数值计算研究了光轴在入射面内并与晶体界面成任意角时光波p分量在单轴晶体表面反射和折射的相位特性.结果表明,光轴取向对相位变化有较大影响,光从光疏各向同性介质射入单轴晶体时,光轴方向改变反射光p分量的相位突变点,但对折射光p分量相位无影响.光从光密各向同性介质射入单轴晶体未发生全反射时,光轴方向同时影响p分量反射光和折射光的相位突变|发生全反射后,光轴方向影响反射光p分量的相位变化曲线.从单轴晶体出射到光疏各向同性介质未发生全反射时,光轴方向改变反射光p分量的相位跃变规律,折射光p分量在光轴方向和晶面成小角度时在布儒斯特角附近发生相位突变|发生全反射后,反射光p分量的相位变化曲线随光轴方向的改变发生较大变化.     

BaTiO3晶体自泵浦相位共轭中的透射效应

从BaTiO_3晶体自泵浦相位共轭透射光束的出射角随泵浦光束入射角的变化,相位共轭透射光束在晶体中的光路,以及相位共轭透射光束的透射率随泵浦光束和晶体c轴夹角的变化等几方面研究了BaTiO_3晶体自泵浦相位共轭中的透射效应,根据实验结果肯定了自泵浦相位共轭中透射现象的存在.     

用两区π-相位滤波器改善超半球形固体浸没透镜显微系统的成像特性

利用矢量衍射理论分析了π-相位滤波器在超半球形固体浸没透镜显微系统中的超分辨特性.结果显示,光斑的增益、Strehl率和边瓣强度随相位区域边界呈现出同步的、只一个周期的振荡性变化.从辐射场和速逝场的角度解释了这种变化的原因.对于近场显微,速逝场起决定性作用.π-相位滤波器的相位区域边界角大于临界角时,才能产生较大的超分辨作用.滤波器边界参量等于0.743（对应的角度大于临界角）的π-相位滤波器,可以使系统分辨率提高16%.     

An NQR study of the polymorphism of triphenylchloromethane

This work is a study of the polymorphic transformations of triphenylchloromethane (TPCM) as well as the structure and dynamics of this molecular solid. Crystalline TPCM has been studied by a variety of techniques and many of its physical properties have been characterized. Previous crystallographic studies have reported the existence of two crystalline phases. Phase II, stable above 372 K, is trigonal with space group P3; and Z = 6. The compound associates pairwise (halogen-to-halogen and triphenylmethyl-to-triphenylmethyl) and linearly with all carbon-halogen bonds aligned with C3 and S6 axes of the lattice. Below 372 K, a triclinic modification (phase III) is found (P1;, Z = 10) where the molecules are also aligned pairwise with close Cl cdots, three dots, centered Cl interactions. However, the C-Cl bonds were no longer parallel. On the other hand, DTA studies have also reported a phase transition at 381 K (to phase I) that can been obtained from slow evaporation of pentane or ether solutions. Crystallographic information about these phases has not been obtained in the literature.Five NQR lines have been observed from liquid nitrogen temperature to 372 K in good agreement with phase III that has Z = 10. Above 372 K, three lines are observed which are related to phase II. Any effort to observe phase I through NQR failed; phase II remains until the sample is melted. Instead, if phase II is cooled down, a second-order phase transition to a new phase at 259 K is observed through NQR studies. The temperature dependence of experimental data in the phase transition region is well explained assuming the transitions occur when molecules in the crystal lattice change their direction uniformly with a change in temperature and the liberational modes, coupled in an anharmonic way with the uniform mode, change their frequencies in such a way that entropy compensates the unfavorable potential energy increase due to the uniform angular tilt.     

相变存储单元RESET多值存储过程的数值仿真研究

使用数值仿真方法对相变随机存储器存储单元的RESET操作的多值存储过程进行了研究,建立了三维存储单元模型,用有限元法解Laplace方程及热传导方程以模拟电脉冲作用下的存储单元物性变化过程.计算出单元内相变层的相态分布及单元整体电阻,分析了单元内部尺寸变化对多值存储过程及状态的影响.结果表明,通过精确控制输入电脉冲,相变存储单元能够实现4值存储;多值存储状态受单元内相变层厚度及下电极接触尺寸变化的影响较大;存储状态在80℃的环境温度下均可保持10年以上不失效.     

高功率激光系统随机相位屏的特性研究

 高功率激光系统中随机相位屏的统计模型出发,分析了其相位噪声及梯度的一阶和二阶统计性质。研究了完全相干光与部分相干光通过随机相位屏后的传输性质,推导得出部分相干光在经过随机相位屏后,其交叉谱密度的期望等于随机相位屏透过率函数的期望与入射光交叉谱密度的乘积。对该模型下的远场分布进行了数值模拟。结果显示,能量对称分布的完全相干光通过相位干屏后,只有通过随机相位屏透过率函数期望的远场分布是对称的;部分相干光在传输通过随机相位屏后,其谢尔模光束性质不会改变,但光强分布不再具有对称性,且强度明显降低。     

Acoustical experiment of yogurt fermentation process

One of the important factors through food manufacturing is hygienic management. Thus, food manufactures prove their hygienic activities by taking certifications like a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). This concept also applies to food monitoring. Acoustical measurements have advantage for other measurement in food monitoring because they make it possible to measure with noncontact and nondestructive. We tried to monitor lactic fermentation of yogurt by a probing sensor using a pair of acoustic transducers. Temperature of the solution changes by the reaction heat of fermentation. Consequently the sound velocity propagated through the solution also changes depending on the temperature. At the same time, the solution change its phase from liquid to gel. The transducers usage in the solution indicates the change of the temperature as the change of the phase difference between two transducers. The acoustic method has advantages of nondestructive measurement that reduces contamination of food product by measuring instrument. The sensor was inserted into milk with lactic acid bacterial stain of 19 degrees C and monitored phase retardation of propagated acoustic wave and its temperature with thermocouples in the mild. The monitoring result of fermentation from milk to Caspian Sea yogurt by the acoustic transducers with the frequency of 3.7 MHz started to show gradient change in temperature caused by reaction heat of fermentation but stop the gradient change at the end although the temperature still change. The gradient change stopped its change because of phase change from liquid to gel. The present method will be able to measure indirectly by setting transducers outside of the measuring object. This noncontact sensing method will have great advantage of reduces risk of food contamination from measuring instrument because the measurement probes are set out of fermentation reactor or food containers. Our proposed method will contribute to the hygienization for the food manufacture industry.     

Comparison of the ferromagnetic phase transitions in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and single crystal nickel by micromagnetic imaging

There is considerable controversy surrounding the nature of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition in La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃. We have used transmission electron microscopy to perform micromagnetic imaging in order to determine whether the phase change is first or second order. On warming through the transition point, the ferromagnetic phase retreats from the sample surface as it is replaced by the paramagnetic phase. This coexistence of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases indicates a primarily first-order transition. However, there is also a continuous loss of magnetization which precedes the phase transition. We compare this with the ferromagnetic transition in nickel which displays a purely continuous phase change. We discuss the accuracy and range of applicability of the micromagnetic imaging techniques of electron holography and Fresnel imaging which were used in this investigation.     

Photograph of a giant structural distortion in a quasi-one dimensional organic crystal

Using a high-speed photographic technique, we have recorded directly the crystalline distortion associated with a first-order phase transition in tetrathiafulvalenium-bis-ditholene (Cu). This structural distortion, at a temperature of 238 K, has been observed as a crystal motion through an angle of the order of 10°. The phase change may be important in establishing the one-dimensional magnetic character of the crystal that leads to a spin-dimerization transition at a temperature of 12 K.     

Polarization readout analysis for multilevel phase change recording by crystallization degree modulation

Four different states of Si15Sb85 and Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change memory thin films are obtained by crystallization degree modulation through laser initialization at different powers or annealing at different temperatures. The polarization characteristics of these two four-level phase change recording media are analyzed systematically. A simple and effective readout scheme is then proposed, and the readout signal is numerically simulated. The results show that a high-contrast polarization readout can be obtained in an extensive wavelength range for the four-level phase change recording media using common phase change materials. This study will help in-depth understanding of the physical mechanisms and provide technical approaches to multilevel phase change recording.     

交变流动中压力速度之间相位差对突变截面损失的影响分析

从弱非线性热声理论出发,给出交变流动中突变截面阻力系数的定义以及考察方法。通过PIV(粒子成像测速仪)测量与CFD计算结果的对比,验证了CFD计算结果的可靠性。进而利用CFD模拟考察了交变流动中压力与速度之间相位差对突变截面局部损失的影响,观察到产生这种影响的流场内部流动机制。分析表明,阻力特性确实对声场压力与速度之间的相位差存在依赖性,但这种依赖性会随着非线性的增强而减少。     

Electromagnetic field penetration through lanthanum manganites

The process of electromagnetic field penetration through lead-doped lanthanum manganites exhibiting colossal magnetoresistance has been studied. The measurements have been performed in a range of radio frequencies from 20 kHz to 10 MHz in the temperature interval containing a magnetic phase transition. Application of a constant external magnetic field leads to an increase in the transmission coefficient. Relative variations of the electromagnetic field transmission coefficient are several times as large as the relative change in the dc magnetoresistance. The temperature dependence of the relative change in the transmission coefficient has been studied. Variations of the transmission coefficient sharply decrease in the vicinity of the phase transition temperature, but they still remain rather large at temperatures above the Curie point.     

Observation of half-quantum defects in superfluid 3He-B

In the course of high-precision measurements of the relation between the superflow current J through a weak link in 3He-B and the difference in order parameter phase between each side of the link phi in a flexible wall Helmholtz resonator equipped with a rotation pickup loop, we have observed the signature of a stable textural defect that sustains a change of the phase by pi across it. "Cosmiclike" solitons, proposed by Salomaa and Volovik and hitherto thought unstable, can constitute such a defect.