低频超声波和甘油对皮肤组织光学透明的反射光谱研究

研究了经低频超声波和促渗剂处理后的猪皮组织在波长为400～860 nm 范围内随时间变化反射光谱特性的变化及各组于580 nm处分别在0～15 min和15～30 min时间段各组反射光谱的改变程度。实验采用带积分球附件的AvaSpec-2048光纤光谱仪测量系统。结果表明：在波长为400～860 nm 范围内,空白对照组在整个过程中组织的反射光谱变化比较少;经超声波处理后组织对光的反射率在0～15 min内是增加的,而且变化相对明显,但随着距超声波停止处理的时间加长,组织对光的反射率又慢慢恢复原状;经80%甘油处理组相对于空白对照组反射率减少得比较快;经超声波和80%甘油处理后组织的反射率变化最明显,特别是在0～15 min内下降速度最快,而且对于波长580 nm 处在0～15 min时间内第4组组织反射率的变化的速率与其他组在相同时间段内比较是：为第1组的约4.0倍和第3组的约2.3倍(在0～15 min时间内),第1组组织反射率减少了1.896%;第3组组织反射率减少了3.316%;第4组组织反射率减少了7.551%。从上面的结果发现,超声波和促渗剂80%甘油对皮组织的光透明性不仅具有协同效应,而且可以使皮组织在短时间改善光透明性。     

DMSO与噻酮对离体猪皮组织光学特性参量改变的定量分析

从定量的角度评价高渗制剂与组织光学特性参量改变的关系.利用FT-IR红外光谱仪与双积分球系统,对离体猪皮组织在促渗剂二甲基亚砜与噻酮作用下的光谱进行测量,并运用逆倍增方法计算得到组织的光学参量.结果表明:离体猪皮组织的光学特性参量(吸收系数和散射系数)随着高渗制剂作用时间的增加明显减小,光在组织中的穿透深度增加.由此可知猪皮组织的光学特性参量在两种促渗剂作用下随时间发生了动态改变,且噻酮具有比二甲基亚砜更好的清透效果.     

噻酮提高在体大鼠皮肤光透明效果的实验研究

为探讨在体皮肤实验中最为简便有效的给药方式,将化学渗透促进剂噻酮与聚乙二醇400(PEG400)的混合溶液直接作用于去除部分角质和含角质的在体大鼠皮肤,利用CCD拍照进行直观观察,并通过反射光谱的变化来反映皮肤光透明效果,同时与单纯PEG400作用进行了对比.结果表明:混合溶液可以使去除部分角质皮肤在15 min内反射光谱明显下降,并产生显著的光透明效果,30 min后皮肤更加透明;而单纯PEG400以及未去除角质层的完整皮肤均无光透明效果.因此,结合物理方法去除部分角质层、并添加促渗剂噻酮,能以非侵入方式,快速、有效提高PEG400对在体皮肤的光透明效果.     

光纤共焦扫描显微术用于光盘盘基预刻槽结构的检测

基于共焦扫描差分术,提出了检测不同表面反射率的物体表面表貌的方法,并提出了在光纤共焦扫描成像术中利用边缘判据进行边缘定位的极限尺度。上述思想用于检测光盘盘基预刻槽形结构,在建立的一套光纤共焦扫描成像装置上进行了光盘盘基预刻槽结构的检测,获得了槽宽、槽间距及槽深等实验数据,与槽标准参数相符。     

基于共聚焦显微拉曼光谱揭示炭疽病侵染下茶叶细胞壁变化的研究

采用共聚焦显微拉曼技术研究了炭疽病感染所致茶叶细胞壁结构和化学成分的变化。对茶叶健康和染病组织细胞进行微米级空间分辨率的显微拉曼光谱扫描,并结合透射电镜观察炭疽病侵染所致的细胞超微结构变化,结果显示染病前后细胞壁的拉曼光谱位移和强度都有明显的差异,表明炭疽病侵染导致细胞壁中化学成分发生了较大的变化。其中由纤维素,果胶,酯类化合物产生的拉曼峰强度都有明显下降,说明细胞壁中这些物质的含量在染病后减少了;而木质素拉曼散射引起的拉曼峰强度有所上升,说明木质素的含量在染病后有所增加。随后基于纤维素的拉曼指纹波数和显微空间结构信息实现了茶叶健康组织和染病组织细胞壁中纤维素的化学成像分析,结果显示炭疽病侵染不仅导致细胞壁中纤维素的含量大大减少,而且纤维素的有序结构被破坏。由此得出结论：在无需对样本进行染色或复杂的化学处理的情况下,共聚焦显微拉曼可以揭示由炭疽病侵染引起的茶叶细胞壁化学成分和结构的变化,本研究是共聚焦显微拉曼技术首次用于植物病理学中寄主-病原物互作机制的研究,将为深入研究寄主-病原物在细胞层面上的互作机制开辟蹊径。     

苯在铂电极上溴代反应的共焦显微拉曼光谱研究

本文主要利用共焦显微拉曼技术检测KBr溶液中苯在光滑铂电极上的取代反应。结果表明 ,苯在 1 2V时将和溴离子在氧化产生的溴自由基发生溴代反应 ,与氯代反应相比 ,溴代反应更剧烈、产物更复杂、更容易受光照影响     

低阶模式校正自适应光学系统的补偿效果分析

引入规格化的相位谱「不一定为科尔莫戈罗夫（Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ谱」,推导了大气湍流相位结构函数、低阶模式校正后的残余相位结构函数以及长曝光光学传递函数（ＬＴＦ）。分别给出了在各种不同大气湍流强度ρ０,不同相位谱空间频率的指数下降因子ρ时,大气湍流相位波前低阶模式完全校正后和倾斜部分校正时的长曝光光学传递函数（ＯＴＦ）、长曝光斯特列尔（Ｓｔｒｅｈｌ）比和半高全宽（ＦＷＨＭ）的数值计算结果。     

中国文物彩绘常用胶料的显微共聚焦拉曼光谱特征研究

为了鉴定文物彩绘中常用胶料的种类,文章采用显微共聚焦拉曼光谱技术分析了猪皮胶、猪骨胶、蛋清、蛋黄、桃胶等中国古代文物彩绘常用胶料.通过对五种标准胶料的拉曼光谱分析,发现蛋白类胶料和桃胶的拉曼光谱存在明显差别,桃胶在1 463及1 088 cm-1 处存在两个糖类化合物的特征振动峰.虽然蛋白类胶料间的拉曼光谱具有一定的相...     

The Microwave Spectra of the Permittivity of Aqueous Methanol Solutions Measured in the Relaxation Region

The temperature dependences of the permittivity of aqueous methanol solutions were studied in the concentration range 0 < x < 95% with a 10% step within the temperature interval from 220 to 320 K with a step of 1 K at 490, 604, 840, and 980 MHz frequencies.     

反射光谱包络线法测量光电薄膜的光学常数和厚度

提出了一种利用薄膜反射光谱包络线法计算光电薄膜光学常数和厚度的方法。当一束光照射在基板上的介质膜上时,由于薄膜上、下界面反射光的相干,会使反射光谱的曲线有一定的波动。本文对反射光谱进行了理论分析,给出计算公式,从测量曲线中的实验值得出薄膜的厚度和光学常数。此种方法计算过程简单、迅速,而且易于编程处理。     

Confocal Raman microscopy for monitoring the membrane polymerization and thermochromism of individual,optically trapped diacetylenic phospholipid vesicles

Optical‐trapping confocal Raman microscopy allows the 1, 4‐addition reaction of diacetylenic functional groups in 1,2‐bis(10,12‐tricosadiynoyl)‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine lipids to be monitored in individual phospholipid vesicles. Optical trapping allows a single vesicle to be observed over time, allowing the direct observation of structural changes in the vesicle membrane during polymerization. Confocal Raman microscopy excludes light collection outside the optical‐trap region avoiding interferences from the surrounding solution, while chemical reactions occurring in the membrane of the trapped vesicle can be measured with high sensitivity. Individual, optically trapped liposomes (0.6 µm in diameter) were exposed to photolysis radiation at 254 nm. Upon exposure to UV light, the cross‐linking polymerization reaction formed a conjugated ene–yne backbone in the bilayer of the optically trapped vesicle. Polymerization produces two different polymers, red and yellow in color, which can be distinguished structurally by their Raman spectra. Rates of red and yellow polymer formation were monitored by the Raman scattering intensities from both C = C stretching vibrations at 1455 cm^–1 and 1508 cm^–1 and C ≡ C stretching vibrations at 2080 and 2110 cm^–1, respectively. Polymer formation rates depended linearly on 254‐nm light intensity, consistent with a one‐photon excited polymerization reacting in a photostationary state. Relative populations of red and yellow polymer in a polymerized vesicle depend sensitively on the sample temperature. From temperature‐dependent Raman spectra, the enthalpy change of the red‐to‐yellow thermochromic response and corresponding structural changes in the polymer could be determined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

拉曼峰强作为分子晶体相变的有序度

本文介绍以拉曼峰强为分子晶体相变有序度的概念，并以ＫＨ＿（１－ｘ）Ｄ＿（ｘ）Ｆ＿２和Ｋ＿（１－ｘ）Ｎａ＿（ｘ）Ｆ＿２为例说明晶格振动模在相变过程中的临界性质可以因此得到。晶格振动模的临界性质反映着掺杂体系的丰富信息。     

Confocal microscopy as a tool for the study of the emission characteristics of high-power LEDs

We report on an experimental set-up based on a confocal principle in order to acquire the light-intensity distribution (XZ and XY optical sections) of high-power LEDs. To be able to record the emission characteristics of millimeter-sized LEDs and to carry out the measurements with high precision the set-up consists of a moving stage and stationary rather than scanning optics, along with a lock-in amplifier in combination with a photodiode as a detection unit. The optical sections recorded provide valuable information on the light-intensity distribution and the light propagation both within transparent substrates (in case of flip-chip LEDs) as well as in the ambient of the LEDs. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement technique, the impact of the numerical aperture of the objective lens on the shape of the optical sections recorded was tested for a set of different objective lenses. The method reported provides new opportunities for a direct determination not only of the amount but also the directionality of the light extraction from LEDs that are processed in order to improve the light-extraction efficiency.     

液芯光纤共振拉曼光谱法检测水中生物分子研究

拉曼光谱是研究水中生物分子重要的有效方法之一,然而由于拉曼散射截面小,特别是水分子的电子激发态能级高,因此水中生物分子的拉曼光谱测量甚为困难。将液芯光纤技术和共振拉曼技术结合起来,可大幅度提高拉曼光谱强度。实验中用可以获得最大的共振拉曼光谱强度的514.5 nm Ar+离子激光激发,分别用石英和Teflon液芯光纤对水中β-胡萝卜素生物分子进行了痕量检测研究。结果表明应用石英液芯光纤和Teflon液芯光纤可分别检测浓度为10-7～10-9mol·L-1和10-9～10-10mol·L-1的β-胡萝卜素。     

The Temperature Dependence of the Etch Rate of Si Measured by Ellipsometry

The etching of Si wafers in an RF discharge in CF₄ has been studied using single-wavelength ellipsometry. The etch rate was measured as a function of surface temperature at two pressures. Only at high pressure (0,36 Torr) a small temperature effect was found. Furthermore, the existence of a modified top layer is suggested by the results of the measurements.     

二甲基亚砜水溶液表面张力及粘度与氢键的拉曼光谱研究

利用ZL-10型全自动界面张力仪(柏金环法)和NDJ-5S型数显粘度计测量体积分数为5%～100%的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)水溶液及超纯水,得到表面张力和粘度的变化规律。用拉曼光谱仪测量不同浓度DMSO水溶液的拉曼光谱,得到体系中含氢键作用的拉曼频移变化规律。实验结果表明,DMSO水溶液的表面张力随浓度的变化受DMSO水溶液中氢键作用的影响,且与氢键强度成反相关。DMSO与水的氢键作用对粘度的影响较表面张力更为复杂,粘度随浓度的变化呈二次函数的反常现象,影响因素包含氢键强度,氢键网络结构和空间方向性多个方面。该研究探索一种利用拉曼光谱研究水溶液微观结构与宏观物理性质关系的实验方法。     

Comparison of the Size Distribution of Boron Powders as Measured by Malvern Diffractometer and Coulter Counter

Aspects of measuring the particle size distribution and median diameters of fine boron powders have been investigated. It has been demonstrated that high concentrations, typically 20 w/o, of wetting agent are necessary in a predispersion stage, especially if the material has a wide range of particle size. Measurements were made with both Coulter counting and a light scattering technique from which it has been demonstrated that for particles of median diameter in the range 10–30 μm, the latter oversizes with respect to the former by as much as 30%.     

The use of Raman spectroscopy as a probe for the intermolecular bonding in crystalline tetraphosphorus trisulphide

The temperature and pressure dependences of the internal and external first-order Raman-active phonons of crystalline α-P₄S₃ are shown to provide a sensitive probe of the intermolecular bonding. Comparison with a similar study of α-P₄Se₃ leads to the conclusion that while intra-intermolecular coupling is present, it is weaker in crystalline α-P₄S₃. Unlike α-P₄Se₃, no rigid layer mode is observed nor is there any softening of the A₁ mode at 440 cm⁻¹ analogous to the 361 cm⁻¹ soft mode of α-P₄Se₃. Weak intra-intermolecular coupling is also supported by an analysis of the implicit-explicit contributions to the observed temperature coefficients. A pressure dependent increase in the intensity of the A₁ mode at 440 cm⁻¹ is compared to similar pressure dependent changes in intensity for phonons in other inorganic molecular solids.     

迈克尔逊干涉仪测透明介质厚度及折射率

提出了使用用迈克尔逊干涉仪,改变光源入射方式及观测方式以获得稳定、清晰等厚干涉现象的方法.探究了在光路中插入的被测透明介质如何对等厚干涉条纹产生影响,并导出了被测介质厚度、折射率及旋转角度与等厚干涉条纹移动量之间的关系.实现对透明介质厚度、折射率进行简练、快速的同时测量.