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1.
以10W低压汞灯(特征谱线波长,λ=253.7nm,简称UVC)作为光源,硫化钠的水溶液作为反应介质,进行了UVC直接分解硫化氢制氢反应(简称UVC-H2S-H2)的研究.考察了反应介质中硫的存在形式、硫化钠的浓度、反应介质pH值以及连续通入硫化氢的流量等反应条件对UVC-H2S-H2的影响.实验结果表明,UVC可以在无催化剂条件下直接分解硫化氢制氢.当以0.6mol/L硫化钠水溶液为反应介质,以25mL/h流量连续向反应介质中通入硫化氢时,UVC-H2S-H2产氢速率可达3.0mL/W·h. 相似文献
2.
In fermentative hydrogen production, the low-hydrogen-producing bacteria retention rate limits the suspended growth reactor
productivity because of the long hydraulic retention time (HRT) required to maintain adequate bacteria population. Traditional
bacteria immobilization methods such as calcium alginate entrapment have many application limitations in hydrogen fermentation,
including limited duration time, bacteria leakage, cost, and so on. The use of chloroform-treated anaerobic granular sludge
as immobilized hydrogen-producing bacteria in an immobilized hydrogen culture may be able to overcome the limitations of traditional
immobilization methods. This paper reports the findings on the performance of fed-batch cultures and continuous cultures inoculated
with chloroform-treated granules. The chloroform-treated granules were able to be reused over four fed-batch cultures, with
pH adjustment. The upflow reactor packed with chloroform-treated granules was studied, and the HRT of the upflow reactor was
found to be as low as 4 h without any decrease in hydrogen production yield. Initial pH and glucose concentration of the culture
medium significantly influenced the performance of the reactor. The optimum initial pH of the culture medium was neutral,
and the optimum glucose concentration of the culture medium was below 20 g chemical oxygen demand/L at HRT 4 h. This study
also investigated the possibility of integrating immobilized hydrogen fermentation using chloroform-treated granules with
immobilized methane production using untreated granular sludge. The results showed that the integrated batch cultures produced
1.01 mol hydrogen and 2 mol methane per mol glucose. Treating the methanogenic granules with chloroform and then using the
treated granules as immobilized hydrogen-producing sludge demonstrated advantages over other immobilization methods because
the treated granules provide hydrogen-producing bacteria with a protective niche, a long duration of an active culture, and
excellent settling velocity. This integrated two-stage design for immobilized hydrogen fermentation and methane production
offers a promising approach for modifying current anaerobic wastewater treatment processes to harvest hydrogen from the existing
systems. 相似文献
3.
Zsófia Kádár Truus de Vrije Giel E. van Noorden Miriam A. W. Budde Zsolt Szengyel Kati Réczey Pieternel A. M. Claassen 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2004,114(1-3):497-508
This study addressed the utilization of an industrial waste stream, paper sludge, as a renewable cheap feedstock for the fermentative
production of hydrogen by the extreme thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. Hydrogen, acetate, and lactate were produced in medium in which paper sludge hydrolysate was added as the sole carbon and
energy source and in control medium with the same concentration of analytical grade glucose and xylose. The hydrogen yield
was dependent on lactate formation and varied between 50 and 94% of the theoretical maximum. The carbon balance in the medium
with glucose and xylose was virtually 100%. The carbon balance was not complete in the paper sludge medium because the measurement
of biomass was impaired owing to interfering components in the paper sludge hydrolysate. Nevertheless, >85% of the carbon
could be accounted for in the products acetate and lactate. The maximal volumetric hydrogen production rate was 5 to 6 mmol/(L·h),
which was lower than the production rate in media with glucose, xylose, or a combination of these sugars (9–11 mmol/[L·h]).
The reduced hydrogen production rate suggests the presence of inhibiting components in paper sludge hydrolysate. 相似文献
4.
Mahesh S. Krishnan Nancy W. Y. Ho George T. Tsao 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1999,78(1-3):373-388
Fermentation kinetics of ethanol production from glucose, xylose, and their mixtures using a recombinant Saccharomyces 1400 (pLNH33) are reported. Single-substrate kinetics indicate that the specific growth rate of the yeast and the specific
ethanol productivity on glucose as the substrate was greater than on xylose as a substrate. Ethanol yields from glucose and
xylose fermentation were typically 95 and 80% of the theoretical yield, respectively. The effect of ethanol inhibition is
more pronounced for xylose fermentation than for glucose fermentation. Studies on glucose-xylose mixtures indicate that the
recombinant yeast co-ferments glucose and xylose. Fermentation of a 52.8 g/L glucose and 56.3 g/L xylose mixture gave an ethanol
concentration of 47.9 g/L after 36 h. Based on a theoretical yield of 0.51 g ethanol/g sugars, the ethanol yield from this
experiment (for data up to 24 h) was calculated to be 0.46 g ethanol/g sugar or 90% of the theoretical yield. The specific
growth rate of the yeast on glucose-xylose mixtures was found to lie between the specific growth rate on glucose and the specific
growth rate on xylose. Kinetic studies were used to develop a fermentation model incorporating the effects of substrate inhibition,
product inhibition, and inoculum size. Good agreements were obtained between model predictions and experimental data from
batch fermentation of glucose, xylose, and their mixtures. 相似文献
5.
M. J. T. Carrondo J. P. S. G. Crespo M. J. Moura 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1988,17(1-3):295-312
The kinetics ofP. acidipropionici (ATCC25562), a xylose-utilizing rumen microorganism, was studied to assess its use for propionic acid production from wood
hydrolyzates.
Propionic acid has been shown to have a stronger inhibitory effect than acetic acid, with the undissociated acid form being
responsible for the majority of the inhibitory effect. Thus, in batch tests with pH controlled at 6.0, the propionic acid
concentration reaches 25 g/L and the acetic acid 7 g/L. Xylose uptake rate is dependent on the specific growth rate and glucose
concentration.
An immobilized cell columnar reactor at very high product yields (80%) proved adequate for propionic production. At cell concentrations
of 95 g/L with high product concentration, volumetric productivities of 2.7 g/L·h were obtained in ultrafiltration cell recycle
systems. 相似文献
6.
7.
Sundaresan Mohanraj Shanmugam Kodhaiyolii Mookan Rengasamy Velan Pugalenthi 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2014,173(1):318-331
A green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) was developed using Murraya koenigii leaf extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. UV–vis spectra show that the absorption band centred at a wavelength of 277 nm which corresponds to the surface plasmon resonances of synthesized FeNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum exhibits that the characteristic band at 580 cm?1 is assigned to Fe–O of γ-Fe2O3. Transmission electron microscopy image confirms that the spherical with irregular shaped aggregates and average size of nanoparticles was found to be ~59 nm. The effect of synthesized FeNPs on fermentative hydrogen production was evaluated from glucose by Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIM 2337. The hydrogen yield in control experiment was obtained as 1.74?±?0.08 mol H2/mol glucose whereas the highest hydrogen yield in FeNPs supplemented experiment was achieved as 2.33?±?0.09 mol H2/mol glucose at 175 mg/L of FeNPs. In addition, the hydrogen content and hydrogen production rate were also increased from 34?±?0.8 to 52?±?0.8 % and 23 to 25.3 mL/h, respectively. The effect of FeNPs was compared with supplementation of FeSO4 on fermentative process. The supplementation of FeNPs enhanced the hydrogen production in comparison with control and FeSO4. The supplementation of FeNPs led to the change of the metabolic pathway towards high hydrogen production due to the enhancement of ferredoxin activity. The fermentation type was shifted from butyrate to acetate/butyrate fermentation type at the addition of FeNPs. 相似文献
8.
E. I. Garcia-Peña M. Canul-Chan I. Chairez E. Salgado-Manjarez J. Aranda-Barradas 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2013,171(2):279-293
Hydrogen (H2) production from the organic fraction of solid waste such as fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) is a novel and feasible energy technology. Continuous application of this process would allow for the simultaneous treatment of organic residues and energy production. In this study, batch experiments were conducted using glucose as substrate, and data of H2 production obtained were successfully adjusted by a logistic model. The kinetic parameters (μ max?=?0.101 h?1, K s?=?2.56 g/L) of an H2-producing microbial culture determined by the Monod and Haldane–Andrews growth models were used to establish the continuous culture conditions. This strategy led to a productive steady state in continuous culture. Once the steady state was reached in the continuous reactor, a maximum H2 production of 700 mL was attained. The feasibility of producing H2 from the FVW obtained from a local market in Mexico City was also evaluated using batch conditions. The effect of the initial FVW concentration on the H2 production and waste organic material degradation was determined. The highest H2 production rate (1.7 mmol/day), the highest cumulative H2 volume (310 mL), and 25 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were obtained with an initial substrate (FVW) concentration of 37 g COD/L. The lowest H2 production rates were obtained with relatively low initial substrate concentrations of 5 and 11 g COD/L. The H2 production rates with FVW were also characterized by the logistic model. Similar cumulative H2 production was obtained when glucose and FVW were used as substrates. 相似文献
9.
10.
Succinic acid was produced efficiently from fumaric acid by a recombinantE. coli strain DH5αt/pGC1002 containing multicopy fumarate reductase genes. The effects of initial fumaric acid and glucose concentration
on the production of succinic acid were investigated. Succinic acid reached 41 to over 60 g/L in 48.5 h starting with 50 to
64 g/L fumaric acid. Significant substrate inhibition was observed at initial fumaric acid concentration of 90 g/L. L-Malic
acid became the major fermentation product under these conditions. Provision of glucose (5-30 g/L) to the fermentation medium
stimulated the initial succinic acid production rate over two folds. 相似文献
11.
Role of pyruvate and ascorbate production in regulation of antioxidant enzymes and membrane LPO levels in Fusarium Acuminatum 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of pyruvate and ascorbate in the regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD); catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase
enzymes; and, therefore, membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in Fusarium acuminatum was investigated in media containing either glycerin or glucose as a carbon source, depending on the incubation period, in
the range of 5–25 g/L. Increasing SOD activity between d 9 and 16 of the incubation period showed a positive correlation with
a significant increase in pyruvate production up to 15 g/L of glycerin and glucose. In addition, maximum ascorbate production
was observed at 15 g/L of glycerin as 82.5 ± 2.1 and 20 g/L of glucose as 54±1.51, whereas CAT activity decreased with an
increased concentration of both carbon sources. When compared with the LPO levels determined in media supplemented with glycerin
and glucose, the minimum LPO level was 1.88±0.028 nmol of malondialdehyde/g wet wt at 15 g/L of glycerin on d 16, at which
it was also observed to have a maximum pyruvate and ascorbate production and SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities of 75±1.42 μg/mL,
82.5±2.1 μg/mL, 32.5±0.634 μg/mL, 86.8±2.58 IU/mg, and 1.867 IU/mg, respectively. These results indicate that the biosynthesis
of pyruvate and ascorbate may be involved in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, depending on the glycerin and glucose
concentrations, and also this defense network was effective in preventing membrane damage from oxidative stress. 相似文献
12.
连续式超临界水反应器中褐煤制氢过程影响因素的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
建立了煤处理量为1kg/h的连续式超临界水反应装置并实现稳定运行,考察了反应温度(500℃~650℃)、反应压力(20MPa~30MPa)、水煤浆浓度(20%~50%)以及KOH添加量对小龙潭褐煤在超临界水中连续化制氢的影响。实验结果表明,反应进行20min后连续装置达到稳定运行状态。反应温度和KOH添加量是影响超临界水中褐煤制氢的关键因素。随着反应温度从500℃提高到650℃,氢气的体积分数与产率分别由11%和25mL/g增加到29%和110mL/g。添加0.5%KOH可明显提高碳气化率以及氢气的产率,但随着KOH加入量进一步增加,氢气产率增加的幅度减小。随着压力增加,甲烷产率有升高的趋势,氢气产率变化不大,提高水煤浆的浓度,碳气化率降低。 相似文献
13.
Teresa Lopes da Silva Rui Santo Alberto Reis Paula C. Passarinho 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2017,182(2):708-720
This work described the effect of furfural, a product resulting from the lignocellulosic material pretreatment, on Saccharomyces carlsbergensis growth and ethanol production. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the yeast membrane potential, membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species production and lipid content. Above 0.3 g/L of furfural, a progressive decrease in the maximal specific growth rate was observed, reaching 53% of the value obtained in the absence of toxic when the cells were grown in the presence of 4 g/L of furfural. In general, the yeast biomass concentration and yield were less affected by the furfural presence than the specific growth rate, and a maximum reduction of 25% was observed for the assay at 4 g/L. The ethanol production was even less affected by the furfural presence than the yeast growth. At 4 g/L of furfural, the maximum ethanol concentration was reduced by only 10% relatively to the maximum ethanol concentration observed in the absence of toxic. At 5 g/L of furfural, the yeast cells were barely able to keep metabolic functions and produced a final ethanol concentration of 0.87 g/L although growth was undetectable. S. carlsbergensis membrane potential was affected by the furfural presence, concomitantly with the ethanol production. However, at 4 g/L, most of the yeast cells (90%) displayed the cytoplasmic membrane depolarized. The proportion of cells with increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels increased for the experiments at 0–4 g/L. For the experiment at 4.5 g/L of furfural, ROS production was observed for only 11% of the yeast cells. The yeast lipid content was also severely affected by the furfural presence. Both polar and neutral lipids decreased in the presence of furfural, and this reduction was more notorious during the stationary phase. 相似文献
14.
Effect of Substrate Concentration on Dark Fermentation Hydrogen Production Using an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of substrate (glucose) concentration on the stability and yield of a continuous fermentative process that produces
hydrogen was studied. Four anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) were operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) from
1 to 8 h and an influent glucose concentration from 2 to 25 g L−1. The reactors were inoculated with thermally pre-treated anaerobic sludge and operated at a temperature of 30 °C with an
influent pH around 5.5 and an effluent pH of about 3.5. The AFBRs with a HRT of 2 h and a feed strength of 2, 4, and 10 g L−1 showed satisfactory H2 production performance, but the reactor fed with 25 g L−1 of glucose did not. The highest hydrogen yield value was obtained in the reactor with a glucose concentration of 2 g L−1 when it was operated at a HRT of 2 h. The maximum hydrogen production rate value was achieved in the reactor with a HRT of
1 h and a feed strength of 10 g L−1. The AFBRs operated with glucose concentrations of 2 and 4 g L−1 produced greater amounts of acetic and butyric acids, while AFBRs with higher glucose concentrations produced a greater amount
of solvents. 相似文献
15.
Biohydrogen Production from Mushroom Cultivation Waste by Anaerobic Solid‐state Fermentation 下载免费PDF全文
Mushroom cultivation waste (MCW) is a polypropylene bag stuffed with wood flour and nutrients for growing mushroom, which is a feasible feedstock for anaerobic biohydrogen production owing to its abundant availability, high organic and nutrient content. This study optimized the seed inoculum from various waste sludges (sewage sludge, cow dung and pig slurry), nutrient addition and operation conditions (moisture content and MCW powder particle size) for maximal biohydrogen production by solid‐state fermentation (SSF). SSF batch test was operated at a MCW 3 g total volatile solid (TVS)/L, temperature 55 °C and rotation speed of 15 rpm with a vertical rotative shaker. The peak hydrogen production performance of hydrogen production rate (HPR) 9.50 mol H2/kg‐d and hydrogen yield (HY) 0.29 mmol H2/g TVS) are obtained using sewage sludge 2 seed inoculum, nutrients addition, moisture content 70 % and particle size of 1.190~0.590 mm. The results show that the MCW has the potential for hydrogen production by anaerobic mixed microflora using solid‐state fermentation. The bioenergy of 1842 kWh while using SSF to conver MCW to produce biohydrogen and it could reduce CO2 emission of 114–178 kg per year comparing using fossil fuel such as coal, fuel oil and natural gas. 相似文献
16.
采用毛细管电泳-柱端安培检测测定莲子心中荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的含量.研究了检测电位、运行缓冲液浓度和pH值,分离电压和进样时间对分离和检测的影响.以微碳圆盘电极(Ф=0.5ram)为工作电极,检测电位为+0.95V(vs.Ag/AgCl),pH为7.25的50mmol/L Na2B4O7和100mmol/L NaH2PO4缓冲液为运行液,当分离电压为15kV时,3种分析物在15min内完全分离.荷叶碱、芦丁和金丝桃甙的检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.02μg/mL、0.05μg/mL和0.04μg/mL.该方法已成功地应用于莲子心中上述3种活性成分的测定. 相似文献
17.
Continuous production of lactic acid in a cell recycle reactor 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Eric Ohleyer Harvey W. Blanch Charles R. Wilke 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1985,11(4):317-332
The production of lactic acid from glucose has been demonstrated using a CSTR (continuous stirred-tank reactor) with cell
recycle. Studies were conducted withLactobacillus delbrueckii at a fermentation temperature of 42°C and a pH of 6.25. A cell density of 140 g dry weight/L and a volumetric productivity
of 150 g/L.h, with complete glucose consumption, were obtained. It was not possible to obtain a lactic acid concentration
above 60 g/L because of product inhibition. A cell purge was not necessary to maintain high viability bacteria culture or
to obtain a steady state. At steady state the net cell growth appeared to be negligible. The specific glucose consumption
for cell maintenance was 0.33 g glucose/g cells-h. 相似文献
18.
Different initial cell concentrations of a recombinant flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae MA-R4 were evaluated for their effects on xylose fermentation and glucose–xylose cofermentation. A high initial cell concentration greatly increased both the substrate utilization and ethanol production rates. During xylose fermentation, the highest rates of xylose consumption (2.58 g/L h) and ethanol production (0.83 g/L h) were obtained at an initial cell concentration of 13.1 g/L. During cofermentation, the highest rates of glucose consumption (14.4 g/L h), xylose consumption (2.79 g/L h), and ethanol production (6.68 g/L h) were obtained at an initial cell concentration of 12.7 g/L. However, a high initial cell density had no positive effect on the maximum ethanol concentration and ethanol yield mainly due to the increased amount of by-products including xylitol. The ethanol yield remained almost constant (0.34 g/g) throughout xylose fermentation (initial cell concentration range, 1.81–13.1 g/L), while it was slightly lower at high initial cell concentrations (9.87 and 12.7 g/L) during cofermentation. The determination of the appropriate initial cell concentration is necessary for the improvement of substrate utilization and ethanol yield. 相似文献
19.
Scheffersomyces stipitis was cultivated in an optimized, controlled fed-batch fermentation for production of ethanol from glucose–xylose mixture. Effect of feed medium composition was investigated on sugar utilization and ethanol production. Studying influence of specific cell growth rate on ethanol fermentation performance showed the carbon flow towards ethanol synthesis decreased with increasing cell growth rate. The optimum specific growth rate to achieve efficient ethanol production performance from a glucose-xylose mixture existed at 0.1 h?1. With these optimized feed medium and cell growth rate, a kinetic model has been utilized to avoid overflow metabolism as well as to ensure a balanced feeding of nutrient substrate in fed-batch system. Fed-batch culture with feeding profile designed based on the model resulted in high titer, yield, and productivity of ethanol compared with batch cultures. The maximal ethanol concentration was 40.7 g/L. The yield and productivity of ethanol production in the optimized fed-batch culture was 1.3 and 2 times higher than those in batch culture. Thus, higher efficiency ethanol production was achieved in this study through fed-batch process optimization. This strategy may contribute to an improvement of ethanol fermentation from lignocellulosic biomass by S. stipitis on the industrial scale. 相似文献
20.
Cheese whey-based biohydrogen production was seen in batch experiments via dark fermentation by free and immobilized Enterobacter aerogenes MTCC 2822 followed by photofermentation of VFAs (mainly acetic and butyric acid) in the spent medium by Rhodopseudomonas BHU 01 strain. E. aerogenes free cells grown on cheese whey diluted to 10 g lactose/L, had maximum lactose consumption (~79%), high production of acetic acid (1,900 mg/L), butyric acid (537.2 mg/L) and H(2) yield (2.04 mol/mol lactose; rate,1.09 mmol/L/h). The immobilized cells improved lactose consumption (84%), production of acetic acid (2,100 mg/L), butyric acid (718 mg/L) and also H(2) yield (3.50 mol/mol lactose; rate, 1.91 mmol/L/h). E. aerogenes spent medium (10 g lactose/L) when subjected to photofermentation by free Rhodopseudomonas BHU 01 cells, the H(2) yield reached 1.63 mol/mol acetic acid (rate, 0.49 mmol/L/h). By contrast, immobilized Rhodopseudomonas cells improved H(2) yield to 2.69 mol/mol acetic acid (rate, 1.87 mmol/L/h). The cumulative H(2) yield for free and immobilized bacterial cells was 3.40 and 5.88 mol/mol lactose, respectively. Bacterial cells entrapped in alginate, had a sluggish start of H(2) production but outperformed the free cells subsequently. Also, the concomitant COD reduction for free cells (29.5%) could be raised to 36.08% by immobilized cells. The data suggest that two-step fermentative H(2) production from cheese whey involving immobilized bacterial cells, offers greater substrate to- hydrogen conversion efficiency, and the effective removal of organic load from the wastewater in the long-term. 相似文献