光色效应双掺杂(Fe,Mn):LiNbO3的光折变全息存储

采用双掺杂（Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ）：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体实现了光色效应光折变全息,实验上着重研究了不同氧化／还原状态晶体全息存储性能,结果表明,只有晶体具有较高的氧化程度才能实现全息的长期存储,与理论分析一致。     

近化学计量比Ce∶Mn∶LiNbO3晶体光折变性能研究

在LiNbO3中掺进0.015mass%MnCO3和 0.1mass%CeO2,以Czchralski法生长Li/Nb比为1.38的近化学计量比Ce∶Mn∶LiNbO3(Ce∶Mn∶SLN)晶体和Li/Nb比为0.946的同成分Ce∶Mn∶LiNbO3(Ce∶Mn∶CLN)晶体.测试了晶体的红外光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱,讨论了Ce∶Mn∶SLN晶体OH－吸收峰和吸收边移动机理.利用二波耦合光路测试了晶体的指数增益系数,Ce∶Mn∶SLN晶体指数增益系数Γ达到27 cm2－.同时,研究了Ce∶Mn∶SLN指数增益系数提高的机理.     

Photorefractive light scattering in LiNbO3: Cu crystals

The time dependence of the photorefractive light scattering in lithium niobate single crystals of the congruent composition (LiNbO₃) doped by “photorefractive” Cu cations (0.015 wt %) is studied for a radiation power of 160 mW. The data for the photorefractive scattering are confirmed by changes in Raman scattering spectra.     

LiNbO3:Ru晶体的光折变特性研究

采用丘克拉斯基法生长了单掺杂的LiNbO3∶Ru晶体,并对其作氧化处理。实验研究了LiNbO3∶Ru晶体二波混频条件下光栅记录特性和波长的依赖关系;并且研究了氧化处理对其透射谱和光栅记录特性的影响。研究结果表明,LiNbO3∶Ru晶体的最佳记录波长为458 nm;氧化处理会增加LiNbO3∶Ru晶体对光的吸收,同时提高光栅记录的灵敏度和饱和衍射效率,表现了不同于LiNbO3∶Fe晶体的氧化态依赖特性。分析认为,LiNbO3∶Ru晶体的反常氧化态依赖特性可能是由于出现了电子通道效应的暗衰减机制,以及Ru存在多个价态所造成的。     

掺杂光折变LiNbO3晶体光伏效应特性

用前向二波耦合实验方法，对几种掺杂的LiNbO3晶体的光折变性质中出现的光伏现象进行了研究。在双掺杂的Ce：Fe：LiNbO3晶体中得到强纵向光伏效应，该效应可以对衍射效率产生59．7％的调制；在单掺杂的Ce：LiNbO3和Zn：LiNbO3等晶体中，得到由横向光伏效应产生的偏振态记录光栅。     

Infrared holographic recording in LiNbO3:Cu

Holograms may be recorded in photorefractive LiNbO₃:Cu with pulsed infrared light (wavelength =1064 nm, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser), if the crystals are previously or simultaneously illuminated with a green (=532 nm) light pulse. We study refractive index changes and time constants of as-grown and thermally treated crystals with different copper concentrations. A model explaining this effect is discussed.     

Fe∶LiNbO3和(Fe,Tb)∶LiNbO3晶体中入射光强对光折变性质的影响

用一种新的测量方法在不同入射光强下同时观测了Fe∶LiNbO3 和 (Fe,Tb)∶LiNbO3 晶体中光致折射率变化Δns、吸收系数α和光电导σph与入射光强I的依赖关系 ,并从理论上对观测结果给予了初步解释     

掺Ce,Fe系列LiNbO3晶体光折变效应光存储特性

研究了系列Ce：Fe掺杂以及不同后处理态(生长态、还原态和氧化态)铌酸锂晶体的透过率光谱和光折变全息存储特性。实验结果表明单掺Ce铌酸锂晶体具有较好的图像存储质量和较宽的透过率光谱范围,二波耦合增益相对较低;高掺杂铌酸锂样品的透过率光谱范围较窄,光折变二波耦合增益较低。晶体的后处理对铌酸锂样品的光折变特性影响明显,双掺Ce:Fe还原态铌酸锂晶体具有较高的二波耦合增益;氧化态样品具有较大的透过率光谱范围;还原态样品具有较大的光折变二波耦合增益特性。实验结果还表明在同种样品中难于同时获得大的二波耦合增益和图像存储质量。     

Quasinondestructive holographic recording in photochromic LiNbO3

We have observed quasinondestructive holographic storage with a continuous-wave laser at lambda = 532 nm in near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 doped with Tb and Fe. This crystal showed an exceptionally long grating decay time and also exhibited a fast color change upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. It was demonstrated that the grating recorded from the UV-exposed, colored state can be continuously read out over 9 h at a reading intensity as high as 8 mW/cm(2). In addition, the written grating could be easily erased with UV illumination which returned the crystal back to the original colored state.     

One-beam recording in a LiNbO3 crystal

We propose a new way to record images in a photorefractive LiNbO3 crystal. This method involves only a single object light without any reference light. We believe that the recording is attained by fanning holograms that result from interference between the object light and its scattered light. Although volume gratings are involved, the recorded pattern can be viewed not only with a laser light beam that is incident over a certain angular range but also with white light.     

Multiplexing holograms in LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystals

Persistent holograms are recorded with red light in lithium niobate crystals doped with manganese and iron. Different erasure mechanisms are investigated, and a recording schedule for multiplexing holograms with equal diffraction efficiencies is proposed. To test the recording schedule experimentally, we multiplex 50 plane-wave holograms with the proposed recording schedule.     

Formation of Dynamic Photorefractive Gratings in a LiNbO3:Cu Surface-Doped Crystal

Optics and Spectroscopy - We present results of experimental studies, theoretical analysis, and numerical modeling of specific features of photorefractive gratings that are formed by a...     

Photorefractive and optical scattering properties of Zr:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals

The LiNbO₃ crystal co-doped with ZrO₄ and Fe₂O₃ has been grown with [Li]/[Nb]=0.85 and 1.20, respectively, by the Czochralski method in air atmosphere. The incident exposure energy flux threshold for the light-induced scattering was characterized to investigate the scattering properties of the crystals. Applying the results of the incident exposure energy flux threshold effect, the photorefractive properties at different laser wavelengths (473 nm and 532 nm) were also measured by using the typical two-wave coupling experiments. The results show that Zr:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystal has a larger refractive index change, higher recording sensitivity and larger two-wave coupling gain coefficient at 473 nm wavelength than those obtained at 532 nm wavelength under the same experimental conditions. Moreover, the photorefractive properties decrease with the increasing [Li]/[Nb] ratios. The material of Zr:Fe:LiNbO₃ crystal is a promising candidate for blue photorefractive holographic recording.     

Holographic recording in LiNbO3 using various polarized lights

Holographic recordings in a LiNbO₃ crystal using ordinary and extraordinary light in transmission-type geometry were performed. The system parameters of storage capacity (M/#), sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio were measured. Although extraordinary light will induce stronger fanning light (nonlinear enhanced scattered light) in LiNbO₃, our experimental results indicate that the system using extraordinary light is superior to that using ordinary light. Our demonstrations and results can help to optimize the holographic recording in some applications of volume holographic optical element (VHOE), such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) filters in optical communication.     

Photorefractive properties of LiNbO3:Zn crystals related to the defect structure

LiNbO₃:Zn single crystals and powders were studied by precise X-ray diffraction methods. Structural refinement yielded new models of the intrinsic defect structure valid for different Zn concentration ranges. For concentrations up to 7 at. % in the crystal, Zn ions incorporate onto Li sites; at higher concentrations Zn ions are found on both Li and Nb sites. Photorefractive properties of LiNbO₃:Zn are discussed in the context of the deduced defect models. A smooth increase in the photoconductivity up to 7 at. % Zn is accounted for by a decrease of Nb antisites. Steeper growth of the photoconductivity at higher Zn concentrations is related to vanishing Li vacancies. Received: 17 November 2000 / Revised version: 23 January 2001 / Published online: 20 April 2001     

Two-center holographic recording in highly doped LiNbO3 crystals

In this paper, we report the observation of electron tunneling during two-center recording in LiNbO₃:Fe:Mn doped with high Fe concentration. Unlike tunneling in the singly doped lithium niobate that erases the hologram, the effect in two-center recording can improve the diffraction efficiency of the hologram after the recording while it is kept in the dark. A detailed study of this effect in LiNbO₃:Fe:Mn is presented both theoretically and experimentally. We show that the hologram strength may increase or decrease due to tunneling, depending on the experimental condition of recording. PACS 42.40.-i; 42.70.Ln; 42.40.Lx     

Ce:Co:LiNbO3晶体光折变性能研究

在LiNbO₃中掺进CeO₂和Co₃O₄,以Czchralski技术首次生长Ce:Co:LiNO₃, Ce:LiNbO₃, Co:LiNbO₃晶体.通过测试Ce:LiNbO₃, Co:LiNbO₃和Ce:Co:LiNbO₃晶体的指数增益系数, 位相共轭反射率和响应时间,计算晶体的有效载流子浓度和光电导.Ce离子能提高LiNbO₃晶体光折变灵敏度,Co离子能提高LiNbO₃晶体的响应速度和抗光致散射能力,从而Ce:Co:LiNbO₃晶体具有较高的指数增益系数,位相共轭反射率,响应速度.Ce:Co:LiNbO₃晶体具有优良的光折变性能.     

Photorefractive LiNbO3 waveguides fabricated by combining He-implantation and copper exchange

We report on the fabrication and properties of He-implanted waveguides in lithium niobate, which are additionally doped with copper by using an ion-exchange process. We show that the photorefractive sensitivity in the waveguides is increased by a factor of 3000. Received: 23 November 1998 / Revised version: 15 February 1999 / Published online: 12 April 1999     

The role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO3

We investigate the role of carrier mobility in holographic recording in LiNbO₃ crystals. Both normal holographic recording (single wavelength, single trap) and two-center recording are considered, and the differences between the performances of the two methods are explained. We show that increasing mobility by using stoichiometric crystals or by doping with Mg does not improve sensitivity considerably, but does reduce M/# by at least one order of magnitude. Received: 22 February 2001 / Revised version: 5 March 2001 / Published online: 27 April 2001