以透辉石为烧结助剂的Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能和显微结构

利用无压烧结方法制备了添加透辉石的Al2O3基陶瓷,研究了烧结温度和保温时间对Al2O3基陶瓷的相对密度、硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性的影响,探讨了烧结工艺参数对Al2O3陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能随烧结温度和保温时间变化趋势与材料密度的变化趋势一致;添加透辉石的Al2O3陶瓷在1520 ℃烧结140 min时,具有最佳的综合力学性能;显微结构分析表明,Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能受到其气孔率、晶粒发育情况和断裂模式的影响.     

烧结工艺参数对Al2O3/SiC陶瓷刀具材料微观结构及力学性能的影响

烧结工艺参数对陶瓷刀具材料的机械力学性能具有重要影响.利用正交试验法研究了烧结温度、烧结压力和保温时间三个工艺参数对Al2O3/SiC陶瓷刀具材料微观结构及力学性能的影响.用极差分析法对正交试验结果进行了分析.结果表明烧结温度是影响Al2O3/SiC陶瓷刀具材料机械力学性能最重要的因素,其次是烧结压力和保温时间;刀具材料的断口形貌表明烧结工艺参数,尤其是烧结温度对微观组织结构和力学性能具有重要影响.正交试验结果和微观组织结构形貌分析具有很好的一致性.     

凝胶注模成型Al2O3陶瓷的显微结构及力学性能研究

以Al2O3粉为原料,TiO2+MgO为烧结助剂,琼脂糖为单体,聚丙烯酸铵为分散剂,利用凝胶注模及无压烧结工艺制备了Al2O3陶瓷.研究了琼脂糖固化机制、烧结助剂作用机理以及琼脂糖含量对Al2O3陶瓷坯体及烧结体的显微结构及力学性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,琼脂糖利用内部氢键的结合,形成三维网络状结构,将Al2O3粉原位凝固成型.TiO2+MgO烧结助剂使材料实现了液相烧结机制,有利于降低材料的烧结温度及促进致密化进程.随着琼脂糖含量增加,坯体的致密度、坯体及烧结体的抗弯强度均呈先增大后减小趋势.当琼脂糖含量为0.5wt;时,Al2O3陶瓷的抗弯强度达到最大值.     

AlO3-Re2O3(Re=La,Nd,Y,Lu)对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构与力学性能的影响

研究了二元助剂Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=La,Nd,Y,Lu)对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷的相对密度、显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:经1800℃无压烧结后,Si3N4陶瓷试样的相对密度均达到97;以上;以Al2O3-Lu2O3为烧结助剂的Si3N4陶瓷试样具有最高的维氏硬度和抗弯强度,分别为15.2±0.18 GPa和920±5 MPa.     

退火工艺对0.9Al2O3-0.1TiO2微波介质陶瓷性能与结构的影响

采用反应烧结法制备0.9Al2O3-0.1Ti O2微波介质陶瓷,研究了退火时间,退火气氛对其物相组成、显微结构、微波介电性能的影响。结果表明:经过退火后,第二相Al2Ti O5分解,陶瓷的表面规整,致密度高;延长退火时间以及合适的退火气氛可以有效地提高0.9Al2O3-0.1Ti O2陶瓷的Q×f值。在空气气氛下,1350℃烧结4 h,氧气气氛下1100℃退火20 h的0.9Al2O3-0.1Ti O2微波介质陶瓷具备优异的介电性能:εr=12.50,Q×f=79812 GHz,τf=0.13 ppm/℃。     

Al2O3掺杂对微波介质陶瓷Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3烧结特性和微波介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法在1300℃烧结4h得到了致密的具有钙钛矿结构的Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3微波介质陶瓷.通过X射线衍射仪、扫瞄电子显微镜和矢量网络分析仪系统的研究了不同含量Al2O3掺杂对Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3(CSLNT)陶瓷的烧结行为、晶体结构、显微形貌以及微波介电性能的影响.结果表明,对于CSLNT+ xwt;Al2O3陶瓷,随着Al2O3掺杂量的增加,介电常数(εr)有轻微的降低,而温度系数(τf)有所增加;由于第二相的出现导致了品质因子(Q·f)先增后减.当Al2O3掺杂量为2wt;时,其介电性能最佳的致密化烧结温度为1200℃,此时具有最佳的微波介电性能:εr=112.6,Q·f=1698 GHz和τf=31.9 ppm/℃.     

Sr1+xSm1-xAl1-xTixO4微波陶瓷介电性能研究

以SrCO3,Sm12 O3,Al2O3,TiO2为原料,采用固相反应法制备了Sr1+xSm1-xAl1-xTixO4(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)陶瓷,研究了SrTiO3掺人量对其显微结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明:SrSmAlO4晶相中固溶SrTiO3,晶胞出现了明显的膨胀;SrSmAlO4陶瓷中固溶SrTiO3相,可降低其烧结温度和陶瓷烧结体的密度;SrSmAlO4陶瓷中固溶SrTiO3相后,可提高其介电常数和品质因素,但对其温频系数影响较小.在1420C/2 h烧结条件下,Sr1.2Sm0.8Al08Ti0 2 O4陶瓷微波介电性能达到:εr=28,Q×f=52600 GHz,τf=4 ppm/℃.     

烧结温度对96Al2O3陶瓷力学性能及热导率的影响

采用CaO-MgO-SiO2为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结技术,研究了烧结温度对96Al2O3陶瓷热导率及力学性能的影响.采用阿基米德排水法、三点弯曲法、激光脉冲法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段和设备,对烧结后陶瓷样品的密度、力学性能、热导率和微观组织结构进行了分析研究.研究结果表明:1600℃烧结的Al2O3样品的具有较好的导热性和力学性能,其热导率、密度、维氏硬度和抗弯强度分别为24.9W/(m·K),3.82g/cm3,(13.8±0.2)GPa,(362.9±26.9)MPa.     

MF/纳米ZrO_2增韧氧化铝陶瓷复合材料的力学性能

选用莫来石纤维(MF)和纳米ZrO2为增强体制备了MZTA复合增韧氧化铝陶瓷复合材料。通过设计正交试验讨论了MF含量、nano-ZrO2含量、烧结温度、保温时间等因素对材料力学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪研究了陶瓷复合材料的微观结构与性能的关系。结果表明:当莫来石纤维和纳米ZrO2的质量分数分别为10%,烧结温度为1550℃,保温时间为30 min,陶瓷复合材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性分别达到712 MPa、10.05 MPa.m1/2,与纯Al2O3陶瓷相比晶粒细化、力学性能显著提高;纤维的拔出、桥联、裂纹扩展路径偏转、沿晶断裂等消耗了大量的断裂能、缓和了裂纹尖端的应力是材料断裂韧性提高的主要原因。     

基于多元晶粒生长抑制效应的Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷的制备与性能研究

基于多元晶粒生长抑制效应,利用热压烧结方法制备了细晶高致密的Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷.研究发现,仅利用第二相TiC的晶界钉扎效应,即使其含量高达30wt;,也不能有效地抑制Al2O3基体的晶粒生长.在TiC作为第二相的基础上,引入微量MgO和Y2O3,通过TiC晶界钉扎、MgO溶质滞阻和Y2O3晶界偏析等多元晶粒生长抑制作用,Al2O3基体晶粒尺寸从5.12 μm显著减小到1.82 μm,Al2O3-TiC复相陶瓷的断裂韧性从3.99±0.18 MPa·m1/2提高到5.24±0.22 MPa·m1/2.研究结果表明:利用多元晶粒生长抑制效应的协同作用,可显著细化Al2O3基复相陶瓷的显微结构,改善其力学性能.     

Modelling of mechanism of agglomeration of KCl crystallization

The article presents an analysis into agglomeration during KCl vacuum crystallization. The theoretical and experimental investigations into the mechanism of agglomeration during mass crystallization result in an extension of the growth phenomena within the known model equations. The basis for this is essentially constituted by the collision model concepts of the theory of floculation in disperse systems. The parameters derived from the microprocess analysis (energy dissipation, content of solids, growth rate of individual grains) lead to model equations which are confirmed by laboratory and test trials.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

Velocities of Disappearance and Lifetime of Faces of Growing Crystals

The formulae for absolute R_disap and relative R velocities of disappearance and lifetime τ of faces of growing crystals have been derived for stationary growth. It was shown that the quantities are determined by the relative growth velocity R_A/R_critA of the vanishing face A with respect to the critical growth velocity R_critA and by the geometry of a crystal expressed by the trigonometric functions of interfacial angles β and γ formed between face A and the adjacent faces. R increases and τ decreases with the increase in R_A/R_critA to certain limiting values. The calculations have been verified and illustrated by the experimental results for triclinic potassium bichromate (KBC) crystals. Results enable ones to predict values of velocities of disappearance and lifetimes of undesirable, supplementary faces of any real crystal.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.