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1.
以尿素为原料,引入少量的多壁碳纳米管(CNT)改性,采用简便方法制备CNT/g-C_3N_4催化剂。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer)、荧光光谱(PL)等手段对CNT/g-C_3N_4催化剂进行表征。结果表明,g-C_3N_4与CNT之间的协同作用,影响了gC_3N_4的能带结构,增强了其对可见光的吸收,改善了光生载流子的分布,提高了电子-空穴对的分离效率。并以罗丹明B(RhB)水溶液模拟废水,在可见光下考察催化剂的光催化降解性能,发现当CNT掺杂量为0.1%(w/w)时效果最佳,降解速率常数是体相g-C_3N_4的3.1倍,且研究发现超氧自由基是该体系下的主要活性物种。  相似文献   

2.
通过在三聚氰胺热分解过程中加入NaHCO_3制备出具有氮缺陷的石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、N2吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和固体荧光光谱(PL)等方法对其进行表征,并在可见光(λ420 nm)照射下,以水相中罗丹明B(Rh B)的降解为模型反应,研究了该氮缺陷g-C_3N_4对有机污染物降解的光催化活性。结果表明,引入氮缺陷可以提高g-C_3N_4对可见光的吸收以及电子-空穴对的分离效率,进而提高g-C_3N_4的可见光催化活性。催化剂CNK0.005、CNK0.01和CNK0.05在30 min内对Rh B的降解率分别为79.8%、100.0%和87.6%;而在相同条件下,没有氮缺陷的g-C_3N_4对RhB的降解率仅为59.8%。  相似文献   

3.
利用原位沉积法将Bi OBr纳米片生长到g-C_3N_4表面,制得g-C_3N_4-Bi OBr p-n型异质结复合光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis-DRS)和荧光光谱(PL)等测试对光催化剂结构和性能进行表征。通过可见光辐照降解甲基橙水溶液检测评估复合光催化剂光催化活性。研究结果表明:复合光催化剂由Bi OBr和g-C_3N_4两相组成,Bi OBr纳米片在片状g-C_3N_4表面快速形核生长形成面-面复合结构。相比于纯相g-C_3N_4和Bi OBr,g-C_3N_4-Bi OBr复合材料具有更强可见光吸收能力,吸收带边红移。在可见光辐照100 min后,性能最佳的2:8 gC_3N_4-Bi OBr复合光催化剂光催化活性分别是纯相g-C_3N_4和Bi OBr的1.8和1.2倍,经过4次循环实验后,其降解率仍达84%,说明复合结构光催化剂催化性能和稳定性增强。复合光催化剂的荧光强度显著降低,说明光生载流子复合得到了有效抑制。复合光催化剂催化性能的提高归因于p-n型异质结促进电荷有效分离、抑制电子-空穴复合和吸收光波长范围的扩展,相比单一成分材料具有更好的催化活性和稳定性。自由基捕获实验证明,可见光降解甲基橙光催化过程中的主要活性成分为空穴,并据此提出了可能的光催化机理。  相似文献   

4.
通过水热和原位还原法制备了一种新型Z型异质结三元复合材料Au NPs/g-C_3N_4/BiOBr,并通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和光致发光发射光谱等技术对材料的形貌、结构进行了表征。通过在可见光下降解苯酚来评价光催化剂的活性。研究发现,Au NPs/g-C3N4/BiOBr显示出增强的光催化活性,对苯酚的降解能力是g-C_3N_4的3倍,是BiOBr的2.5倍。这可归因于三元复合材料的窄带隙(2.10 eV)、Z型机理对光生电子-空穴对的有效分离和Au纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振效应(SPR)。  相似文献   

5.
以g-C_3N_4/H_2SO_4溶液和硝酸铋为前驱体,采用自组装法制备了中空花状且具有可见光响应能力的异质结光催化剂gC_3N_4@BiOCl。利用X射线衍射、电子扫描显微镜、高分辨透射电镜、X射线能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱及X射线光电子能谱等表征手段确证了催化剂的结构。该催化剂能够有效地实现光生电子-空穴的分离,表现出优异的可见光催化活性。通过对50 mg·L~(-1)罗丹明B的降解实验验证了g-C_3N_4@BiOCl的光催化活性,在可见光条件下(λ≥420 nm)的降解效率优良,12 min即可达到99%。  相似文献   

6.
以合成的g-C_3N_4纳米片和Ag/TiO_2空心微球为原料,采用机械搅拌的方法构筑了g-C_3N_4/Ag/TiO_2三元复合光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见光漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)和光致发光光谱(PL)对g-C_3N_4/Ag/TiO_2进行了表征。研究表明,g-C_3N_4/Ag/TiO_2是由Ag/TiO_2微球和g-C_3N_4纳米片复合而成的。与TiO_2相比,其可见光响应范围延长,光生载流子的分离速率加快。在室温下,用降解罗丹明B的反应考察了g-C_3N_4/Ag/TiO_2的可见光催化活性。研究表明,光照180 min时,g-C_3N_4(0.5%)/Ag/TiO_2显示了最高的光催化活性(91.9%),分别是TiO_2和Ag/TiO_2的7.5和1.8倍。光催化活性的提高与合理的异质结构建和Ag的导电性能有关。  相似文献   

7.
本研究通过一步搅拌法制备了BiPO_4/g-C_3N_4二元催化剂,以活性蓝19(RB19)为目标污染物,研究了其在可见光下的催化降解性能。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)等表征了催化剂的物化性质。结果表明:BiPO_4成功附着到g-C_3N_4上,并且分散效果较好,BiPO_4的掺入使g-C_3N_4的带隙变窄,提高了g-C_3N_4的可见光利用率,延长了光生电子-空穴对的寿命。最后通过分析推测出可能的光催化降解机理。  相似文献   

8.
首先在N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中超声剥离得到少层的MoS_2,将其与石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)复合,制得MoS_2/g-C_3N_4复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),Raman光谱,紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)和光致荧光(PL)技术对复合材料进行表征。可见光下考察MoS_2/g-C_3N_4复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B(Rh B)的活性,结果表明:将少量MoS_2与g-C_3N_4复合可明显提高光催化活性,且1%(w/w)MoS_2/g-C_3N_4复合物的光催化活性最高,可能的原因是MoS_2和g-C_3N_4匹配的能带结构,增大了界面间电荷的传输,降低了光生电子-空穴的复合,进而提高了光催化活性。  相似文献   

9.
以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O和NaBr为前驱体,采用简单溶剂热法制备BiOBr/ZnO三维花状微纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光子能谱、N2吸附-脱附、光致发光和电子顺磁共振等分析技术对其理化性质进行了表征。通过可见光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)的实验测试了复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明ZnO含量为5%的BiOBr/ZnO光催化活性最优,RhB降解率在50 min后达到98.3%,其降解速率常数是纯ZnO和BiOBr的6.3倍和3.4倍,并且具有较高的稳定性。复合材料光催化性能增强的可能原因为ZnO的引入增强了可见光的吸收和光生载流子的电荷分离效率。  相似文献   

10.
本文通过将Cu~(2+)掺入g-C_3N_4结构中成功制备了Cu/g-C_3N_4光催化剂,并进一步优化其光催化性能。同时,采用多种表征方法对Cu/g-C_3N_4光催化剂的结构、形貌、光学和光电性能进行了分析。X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明制备的光催化剂为Cu/g-C_3N_4,且Cu的价态为+2。在可见光照射下,研究了不同铜含量的Cu/g-C_3N_4和gC_3N_4光催化剂的光催化活性。实验结果表明,Cu/g-C_3N_4光催化剂的降解能力显著高于纯相的g-C_3N_4。N_2吸附-解吸等温线表明,Cu~(2+)的引入对g-C_3N_4的微观结构影响不大,说明光催化活性的提高可能与光生载流子的有效分离有关。因此,Cu/g-C_3N_4光催化降解RhB和CIP性能的提升可能是由于Cu~(2+)可以作为电子捕获陷阱从而降低了载流子的复合速率。通过光电测试表明,在g-C_3N_4中掺入Cu~(2+)可以降低g-C_3N_4的电子空穴复合速率,加速电子空穴对的分离,从而提高了其光催化活性。自由基捕获实验和电子自旋共振(ESR)结果表明,超氧自由基(O_2~(·-))、羟基自由基(·OH)和空穴的协同作用提高了Cu/g-C_3N_4光催化剂的光催化活性。  相似文献   

11.
通过水热和原位还原法制备了一种新型Z型异质结三元复合材料Au NPs/g-C3N4/BiOBr,并通过X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和光致发光发射光谱等技术对材料的形貌、结构进行了表征。通过在可见光下降解苯酚来评价光催化剂的活性。研究发现,Au NPs/g-C3N4/BiOBr显示出增强的光催化活性,对苯酚的降解能力是g-C3N4的3倍,是BiOBr的2.5倍。这可归因于三元复合材料的窄带隙(2.10eV)、Z型机理对光生电子-空穴对的有效分离和Au纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振效应(SPR)。  相似文献   

12.
以双氰胺、醋酸锌、钼酸铵、醋酸镉和硫化钠为原料,采用水热法合成了一系列Zn-Mo共掺杂CdS(Zn-Mo-CdS),并与g-C3N4组成异质结催化剂(Zn-Mo-CdS/g-C3N4)。采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、X光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征。结果表明, Zn-Mo-CdS与g-C3N4之间紧密结合并形成异质结,促进界面电荷迁移,抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合。以可见光下降解染料罗丹明B (RhB)为探针反应考察了催化剂性能。结果表明, Zn-Mo-CdS/g-C3N4异质结催化剂的光催化性能与单纯g-C3N4、Zn-Mo-CdS及双金属硫化物/g-C3N4异质结催化剂相比均有大幅度提高,质量比m(Zn-Mo-CdS)/m(g-C3N4) = 4 : 1时制备的异质结催化剂表现出最大的降解速率常数,是单纯g-C3N4和Zn-Mo-CdS的30倍和10倍。不仅Zn-Mo-CdS,其他三元金属复合硫化物如Mo-Ni-CdS和Ni-Sn-CdS与g-C3N4之间也能有效构筑异质结,促进电子-空穴对的分离和催化性能提升。  相似文献   

13.
使用尿素、 红磷和氯化镍为原料, 通过一种简单的焙烧方法合成了Ni5P4/g-C3N4光催化剂. 该催化剂形成的异质结可以降低界面电阻, 有效抑制光生电子-空穴对复合率. 以罗丹明B模拟污染物进行降解测试, 发现3NPC的反应速率常数最高, 几乎是g-C3N4的7倍, 并具有最高的光催化产氢能力, 制氢速率高达1013.88 μmol·g-1·h-1, 明显高于g-C3N4(664.38 μmol·g-1·h-1).  相似文献   

14.
Photocatalytic technology can effectively solve the problem of increasingly serious water pollution, the core of which is the design and synthesis of highly efficient photocatalytic materials. Semiconductor photocatalysts are currently the most widely used photocatalysts. Among these is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which has great potential in environment management and the development of new energy owing to its low cost, easy availability, unique band structure, and good thermal stability. However, the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 remains low because of problems such as wide bandgap, weakly absorb visible light, and the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. Among various modification strategies, doping modification is an effective and simple method used to improve the photocatalytic performance of materials. In this work, Cu/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were successfully prepared by incorporating Cu2+ into g-C3N4 to further optimize photocatalytic performance. At the same time, the structure, morphology, and optical and photoelectric properties of Cu/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoelectric tests. XRD and XPS were used to ensure that the prepared photocatalysts were Cu/g-C3N4 and the valence state of Cu was in the form of Cu2+. Under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C3N4 and pure g-C3N4 photocatalysts were investigated in terms of the degradation of RhB and CIP by comparing the amount of introduced copper ions. The experimental results showed that the degradation ability of Cu/g-C3N4 photocatalysts was stronger than that of pure g-C3N4. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of g-C3N4 and Cu/g-C3N4 demonstrated that the introduction of copper had little effect on the microstructure of g-C3N4. The small difference in specific surface area indicates that the enhanced photocatalytic activity may be attributed to the effective separation of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of RhB and CIP over Cu/g-C3N4 may be due to the reduction of carrier recombination rate by copper. The photoelectric test showed that the incorporation of Cu2+ into g-C3N4 could reduce the electron-hole recombination rate of g-C3N4 and accelerate the separation of electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C3N4. Free radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance indicated that the synergistic effect of superoxide radicals (O2•−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and holes could increase the photocatalytic activity of Cu/g-C3N4 materials.  相似文献   

15.
研究了用离子交换沉淀法制备的Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4的可见光光催化性能及再生方法.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对其进行了结构特性分析.XRD结果显示再生后催化剂的结构未发生改变.FESEM及UV-Vis分析结果说明催化剂由Ag3PO4与g-C3N4复合而成.XPS分析结果表明催化剂表面出现少量的银单质.利用可见光(λ420nm)照射下的苯酚降解实验评价了样品的光催化活性,并通过活性物种及能带结构的分析对催化剂的光催化机理进行了推测.研究表明,Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4的光催化活性明显高于纯Ag3PO4及纯g-C3N4,主要原因归结为单质银、Ag3PO4及g-C3N4的协同效应.经过氧化氢和磷酸氢铵钠(NaNH4HPO4)的再生可完全恢复催化剂的活性,这表明该绿色环保的再生方法可实现Ag/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4催化剂在环境中的实际应用.  相似文献   

16.
g-C3N4 have been widely used in the fields of photocatalytic hydrogen production,photocatalytic degradation of dyes and oxidative degradation of toxic gases due to their excellent performance.It has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its highly efficient photocatalytic capacity of hydrogen generation,water oxidation,carbon dioxide reduction and degradation of organic pollutants.Because of the abundant carbon and nitrogen composition of the earth,large-scale production and industrial applications of this material are possible.The modification of this material makes its performance more excellent so that this new material can obtain a steady stream of vitality.These outstanding works have become important materials and milestones on the road to mankind's photocatalytic hydrogen production.This review will begin with the basic idea of designing,synthesizing and improving g-C3N4 based photocatalytic materials,and introduce the latest development of g-C3N4 photocatalysts in hydrogen production from four aspects of controlling the carbon/nitrogen ratio,morphology,element doping and heterojunction structure of g-C3N4 materials.  相似文献   

17.
从层状化合物获得的纳米片是一类新型纳米结构材料,这种二维各向异性的纳米甚至亚纳米级的材料具有独特的物理化学性能,其中最好的一个例证就是从石墨烯C3N4到石墨烯C3N4纳米片的转变。通过高温氧化热刻蚀方法将体相g-C3N4剥离成g-C3N4纳米片,应用于染料敏化可见光分解水产氢,表现出了较体相g-C3N4高于2.6倍的产氢速率。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)、荧光光谱和光电化学等表征研究了g-C3N4纳米片的结构及曙红(EY)和g-C3N4纳米片之间的电子迁移过程。热剥离后的g-C3N4纳米片具有较高的比表面积,不仅可以更为有效地吸附染料分子,还因其量子限域效应大大增强了光生电荷的分离效率和电子转移效率,改善了电子沿平面方向的传输能力以及光生载流子的寿命,从而显著提高g-C3N4纳米片的光催化产氢活性。  相似文献   

18.
黄艳  傅敏  贺涛 《物理化学学报》2015,31(6):1145-1152
用简单的超声分散法合成了具有可见光响应的类石墨氮化碳(g-C3N4)/BiVO4复合光催化剂. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), X射线光电子能谱(XPS), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 透射电子显微镜(TEM), 紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光谱, 傅里叶红外变换(FTIR)光谱, 荧光发射谱(PL)和光电流响应等技术对所制备催化剂进行相关表征. 通过可见光下(λ> 420 nm)光催化还原CO2的性能来评价样品的光催化活性, 发现不同复合比的催化剂中, 含40% (w) g-C3N4的复合催化剂表现出最高的光催化活性, 其催化活性分别为纯g-C3N4纳米片和纯BiVO4的催化活性的2倍和4倍.光催化活性增加的主要原因是g-C3N4和BiVO4之间形成了异质结, 且相互间能级匹配, 有利于光生电子和空穴的分离.  相似文献   

19.
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon compounds is a promising method for addressing energy shortages and environmental pollution. Considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring valid strategies to enhance photocatalytic efficiency. Among various modification methods, the hybridization of different photocatalysts is effective for addressing the shortcomings of a single photocatalyst and enhancing its CO2 reduction performance. In addition, metal-free materials such as g-C3N4 and black phosphorus (BP) are attractive because of their unique structures and electronic properties. Many experimental results have verified the superior photocatalytic activity of a BP/g-C3N4 composite. However, theoretical understanding of the intrinsic mechanism of the activity enhancement is still lacking. Herein, the geometric structures, optical absorption, electronic properties, and CO2 reduction reaction processes of 2D/2D BP/g-C3N4 composite models are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The composite model consists of a monolayer of BP and a tri-s-triazine-based monolayer of g-C3N4. Based on the calculated work function, it is inferred that electrons transfer from g-C3N4 to BP owing to the higher Fermi level of g-C3N4 compared with that of BP. Furthermore, the charge density difference suggests the formation of a built-in electric field at the interface, which is conducive to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The optical absorption coefficient demonstrates that the light absorption of the composite is significantly higher than that of its single-component counterpart. Integrated analysis of the band edge potential and interfacial electronic interaction indicates that the migration of photogenerated charge carriers in the BP/g-C3N4 hybrid follows the S-scheme photocatalytic mechanism. Under visible-light irradiation, the photogenerated electrons on BP recombine with the photogenerated holes on g-C3N4, leaving photogenerated electrons and holes in the conduction band of g-C3N4 and the valence band of BP, respectively. Compared with pristine g-C3N4, this S-scheme heterojunction allows efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers while effectively preserving strong redox abilities. Additionally, the possible reaction path for CO2 reduction on g-C3N4 and BP/g-C3N4 is discussed by computing the free energy of each step. It was found that CO2 reduction on the composite occurs most readily on the g-C3N4 side. The reaction path on the composite is different from that on g-C3N4. The heterojunction reduces the maximum energy barrier for CO2 reduction from 1.48 to 1.22 eV, following the optimal reaction path. Consequently, the BP/g-C3N4 heterojunction is theoretically proven to be an excellent CO2 reduction photocatalyst. This work is helpful for understanding the effect of BP modification on the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4. It also provides a theoretical basis for the design of other high-performance CO2 reduction photocatalysts.   相似文献   

20.
Organic photocatalysts have attracted attention owing to their suitable redox band positions, low cost, high chemical stability, and good tunability of their framework and electronic structure. As a novel organic photocatalyst, PDI-Ala (N, N'-bis(propionic acid)-perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic diimide) has strong visible-light response, low valence band position, and strong oxidation ability. However, the low photogenerated charge transfer rate and high carrier recombination rate limit its application. Due to the aromatic heterocyclic structure of g-C3N4 and large delocalized π bond in the planar structure of PDI-Ala, g-C3N4 and PDI-Ala can be tightly combined through π–π interactions and N―C bond. The band structure of sulfur-doped g-C3N4 (S-C3N4) matched well with PDI-Ala than that with g-C3N4. The electron delocalization effect, internal electric field, and newly formed chemical bond jointly promote the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers between PDI-Ala and S-C3N4. To this end, a novel step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst comprising organic semiconductor PDI-Ala and S-C3N4 was prepared by an in situ self-assembly strategy. Meanwhile, PDI-Ala was self-assembled by transverse hydrogen bonding and longitudinal π–π stacking. The crystal structure, morphology, valency, optical properties, stability, and energy band structure of the PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 photocatalysts were systematically analyzed and studied by various characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky curve. The work functions and interface coupling characteristics were determined using density functional theory. The photocatalytic activities of the synthesized photocatalyst for H2O2 production and the degradation of tetracycline (TC) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) under visible-light irradiation are discussed. The PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction with band matching and tight interface bonding accelerates the intermolecular electron transfer and broadens the visible-light response range of the heterojunction. In addition, in the processes of the PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 photocatalytic degradation reaction, a variety of active species (h+, ·O2-, and H2O2) were produced and accumulated. Therefore, the PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 heterojunction exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance in the degradation of TC, PNP, and H2O2 production. Under visible-light irradiation, the optimum 30%PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 removed 90% of TC within 90 min. In addition, 30%PDI-Ala/S-C3N4 displayed the highest H2O2 evolution rate of 28.3 μmol·h-1·g-1, which was 2.9 and 1.6 times higher than those of PDI-Ala and S-C3N4, respectively. These results reveal that the all organic photocatalyst comprising PDI-based supramolecular and S-C3N4 can be efficiently applied for the degradation of organic pollutants and production of H2O2. This work not only provides a novel strategy for the design of all organic S-scheme heterojunctions but also provides a new insight and reference for understanding the structure–activity relationship of heterostructure catalysts with effective interface bonding.   相似文献   

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