Hf微量掺杂Sm2Ce2O7固溶体制备及热物理性能

采用高温固相烧结法制备了Sm2(Ge1-xHfx)2O7(x=0,0.025,0.05,0.075,0.1)固溶体,并对其相组成、显微组织及热物理性能进行了分析.结果表明,所合成的固溶体具有单一的萤石结构,其相对致密度均在90;以上.Hf掺杂增强了声子的散射程度,从而使其热导率与Sm2Ce2O7相比明显降低.Hf较小的离子半径使得其热膨胀系数随HfO2掺杂量增加而降低,但仍然满足热障涂层的要求.     

Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ-Ca3Co2O6-δ双相材料的制备及其透氧性能研究

采用共沉淀法和柠檬酸络合法分别制备了Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ和Ca3Co2O6-δ粉体,随后通过固相烧结法获得了致密Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ-Ca3Co2O6-δ双相透氧膜材料.分别通过X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对样品的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征.系统研究了双相比例对样品的热膨胀系数、电子电导率和透氧率的影响.实验结果表明该双相材料具有优异的化学稳定性,1150 ℃烧结6 h可以获得致密双相膜.双相膜具有较低的热膨胀系数,为13.47×10-6 ~14.23×10-6 K-1,接近电解质的热膨胀系数值.当离子导电相添加量由40wt;增加到80wt;,双相膜的电导率随之降低,而透氧率随之增大,950 ℃时,质量比为8∶2的Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ-Ca3Co2O6-δ双相膜的透氧率达到了2.80×10-7 mol·cm-2·s-1,表明该材料可以作为一种新型双相透氧膜材料用于氧分离.     

(La0.75Sm0.25)2Zr2O7陶瓷的热导率

以Sm2O3、La2O3和ZrO2为原料,用固相反应法制备了(La0.75Sm0.25)2Zr2O7陶瓷材料.采用XRD和FT-IR技术研究了试样的相结构,用SEM分析了试样的微观组织结构,采用激光脉冲法测量试样的热导率.结果表明,所制备的陶瓷材料具有焦绿石晶体结构,其组织结构致密,晶粒大小均匀,晶界清晰.由于La3+和Sm3+质量和离子半径的差别, (La0.75Sm0.25)2Zr2O7具有比La2Zr2O7更低的热导率.其热导率明显低于现役的YSZ陶瓷,可用作新型热障涂层表面陶瓷层候选材料.     

CaMgP2O7∶Ce3+,Mn2+荧光粉的制备及其发光性能

采用高温固相法制备CaMgP2O7∶Ce3+,Mn2+荧光粉,并对其发光性质进行探究.荧光粉CaMgP2O7∶Ce3+,Mn2+在328 nm、351 nm与587 nm的发射峰分别归属于Ce3+的5d→2FJ跃迂和Mn2的4T1 (4G)→6A1(6S)跃迁.Ce3+的掺杂有效地提高了Mn2+的发光强度,同时电荷补偿剂Li+与Na+的添加也提高了CaMgP2O7∶Ce3+,Mn2+荧光粉的发光强度,依据Dexter能量传递公式判断CaMgP2O7基质中Ce3+对Mn2+的能量传递属于电四极-电四极相互作用引起的共振能量传递.     

不同表面活性剂对La2Ce2O7纳米晶体生长活化能的影响

以La2O3和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原材料,以SDBS和CTAB为表面活性剂,采用水热合成法制备了La2Ce2O7纳米晶体.通过XRD、Raman、SEM和TEM对粉体的物化性能进行了分析,讨论了不同表面活性剂对晶体生长活化能的影响.结果表明:添加两种表面活性剂的样品均为萤石结构,以CTAB为表面活性剂的样品晶粒尺寸为11.4 nm,比表面积为187.53 m2·g-1,其晶体生长活化能(16.33±0.02 kJ·mol-1)要大于添加阴离子表面活性剂(SDBS)的样品(13.47±0.03 kJ·mol-1).     

n(Sm3+)/n(S2O2-3)对液相自组装法制备Sm2S3薄膜的影响

采用液相自组装法,以氯化钐( SmCl3·6H2O)和硫代硫酸钠(Na2S2O3·5H2O)为原料,在不同n(Sm3 )/n(S2O2-3)(物质的量比)条件下,于硅基板上制备了α-Sm2S3光学薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光电子能谱分析(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)对SmS3薄膜的物相组成、表面形貌和光学性能进行了表征.结果表明:所制备的Sm2S3薄膜为α-Sm2S3,在一定范围内,随着n(Sm3+)/n(S2O2-3)的增加,α-Sm2S3薄膜的结晶性先增强后降低,并表现出(105)晶面取向生长的特征.紫外透射光谱分析表明,当n(Sm3+)/n(S2O2-3)=1∶2时,Sm2S3薄膜在可见光范围内透过率高达85;,禁带宽度为4.12 eV.     

Ce3+,Eu2+共掺Ba3Si6O12N2荧光粉发光特性及能量传递研究

通过高温固相法制备了一系列Ce3+/Eu2+共掺杂的Ba3Si6O12N2,利用X射线衍射(XRD)研究了其晶体结构.研究表明,Ba3Si6O12N2∶ Ce3+,Eu2+荧光粉在338 nm光激发下可以发射525 nm的绿光,且具有较大的半峰宽.研究还发现,单掺Ce3的发射光谱和单掺Eu2+的发射光谱存在交叠,同时Ce3+的5d1最低能级能量低于Eu2+的4f65d1最低能级,这二者共同证实了可能存在Ce3+到Eu2+的能量转移现象.同时还研究了Ce3+浓度对Ba(2.7-y)Si6O12N2∶0.3Eu2+,yCe3+(0≤y≤0.1)系列荧光粉发光强度和波长的影响.热猝灭性能研究表明,Ce3+引入可显著影响体系的热猝灭性能.     

一维Sm2O3纳米晶的可控合成及其光学性能研究

以有机碱二乙烯三胺(EDTA)为碱源,Sm(NO3)3·6H2O为钐源,在不同模板剂辅助条件下采用水热-热处理相结合的方法进行Sm2O3纳米晶的可控合成.利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Lambda 950分光光度计分别对产物的物相、形貌和光学性能进行表征,并研究了未添加模板剂和分别以六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂条件下对产物的物相、形貌及光学性能的影响.结果表明:以HMTA为模板剂条件下得到了长条状结构的Sm2O3纳米晶,未添加模板剂和分别以PVP和CTAB为模板剂条件下得到了尺寸可控的棒状结构的Sm2O3纳米晶.不同模板剂会影响产物的微观结构及尺寸,进而对其光学性能产生有较大的影响,其中以HMTA为模板剂时所得长条状结构的Sm2O3纳米晶的禁带宽度较小为4.775 eV.     

Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-BaCe0.8Sm0.2O2.9复合电解质的成分对其电化学性能的影响

采用一步溶胶凝胶法制备摩尔比分别为9∶1、7∶3、5∶5和3∶7的复合电解质Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)-BaCe0.8Sm0.2O2.9(BCS)粉末,研究复合电解质SDC-BCS的相成分对电导率及其电化学性能的影响.结果表明:随着SDC含量的增加,复合电解质SDC-BCS的晶粒尺寸增大、电导率提高;复合电解质的晶界电导率均高于单相SDC的晶界电导率.不同成分的复合电解质制备的NiO-SDC-BCS|SDC-BCS|LSCF-SDC-BCS单电池的功率密度随着SDC含量的增加而提高.当SDC∶BCS的摩尔比为9∶1时,其单电池700 ℃的最大功率密度为550 mW/cm2,是单电池NiO-SDC|SDC|LSCF-SDC最大功率密度的3倍.     

含MgO-Lu2O3-Re2O3三元添加剂Si3N4陶瓷摩擦磨损性能的研究

利用球盘式摩擦磨损试验机,研究了含MgO-Lu2O3-Re2O3(La2O3,Sm2O3,Gd2O3,Er2O3)三元添加剂Si3 N4陶瓷的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:机械磨损和摩擦化学反应为主要磨损机理.在三元添加剂中,随着第二稀土离子Re3+半径的增加,粘附层增加,Si3N4摩擦系数降低.基于横向断裂理论模型,Si3N4陶瓷单位磨损率随着1/(KB1/2H5/8)的增加而增加,其中含有第二相Lu4Si2N2O7的样品SN-LuSm和SN-LuEr优于此线性关系,表现出更好的抗磨损性能.     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Elastic properties of the dithionates Na2S2O6 · 2 H2O,K2S2O6, Rb2S2O6, CaS2O6 · 4H2O and SrS2O6 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of the title compounds having optical quality and dimensions of several cm were grown from aqueous solutions. The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates. The true point symmetry of K₂S₂O₆ and Rb₂S₂O₆, which is screened by a hexagonal hypermorphy, could be clearly revealed to be trigonal (32) by the existence of the elastic constant c₁₄. In the case of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O the constant c₁₄ of the specimens appeared too small to confirm the trigonal symmetry group required from electrooptic and non-linear optic effects unambiguously. The isotypy of K₂S₂O₂ and Rb₂S₂O₆ as well as that of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O is confirmed by their elastic behaviour. The mean elastic stiffness of dithionates is closely related to that of the corresponding sulphates. In the vicinity of the second-order phase transition of K₂S₂O₆ near 235 K weak anomalies of the temperature derivatives of the longitudinal elastic stiffnesses are observed.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.