Patents and literature

Stereo- and regioselective biotransformations is an area of intense research interest. The ability to take advantage of microorganisms and isolated enzyme systems to perform selective organic syntheses is well known. In recent years, several new methodologies have caused a rapid growth in the area of selective biotransformations. These novel techniques include genetic and protein engineering, biocatalysis in organic media, improved screening procedures, as well as an increased awareness of the value of biotechnology to solve important problems in organic synthesis. Recent US patents and scientific literature on stereo- and regioselective biotransformations are surveyed. Patent abstracts are summarized individually and a list of literature references are given.     

Patents and literature

The separation and purification of biologically functional molecules (e.g., proteins, antibodies, peptides, hormones, low molecular weight biologicals) is of fundamental importance to biotechnology. Affinity separations have become a particularly attractive method for bioseparations due to their high degree of selectivity. Numerous affinity ligands have been prepared in recent years including lectins, nucleic acids, inhibitors, and immunoresponse agents. Furthermore, a variety of novel supports have been synthesized to aid in the development of commercially useful affinity separation systems. Recent US patents and scientific literature on affinity separations and purifications are surveyed. Patent abstracts are summarized individually and a list of literature references are given.     

Patents and literature

Protein engineering and site-directed mutagenesis is becoming immensely important in both fundamental studies and commercial applications involving proteins and enzymes in biocatalysis. Protein engineering has become a powerful tool to help biochemists and molecular enzymologists elucidate structure-function relationships in enzymic active sites, to understand the intricacies of protein folding and denaturation, and to alter the selectivity of enzymatic catalysis. Commercial applications of engineered enzymes are being developed to increase protein stability, widen or narrow substrate specificity, and to develop novel approaches for use of enzymes in organic synthesis, drug design, and clinical applications. In addition to protein engineering, novel expression systems have been designed to prepare large quantities of genetically engineered proteins. Recent US patents and scientific literature on protein engineering, site-directed mutagenesis, and protein expression systems related to protein engineering are surveyed. Patent abstracts are summarized individually and a list of literature references are given.