水下低频声信号的激光探测及波的衰减

为了探测几十赫兹的低频水下声信号,建立了水下低频声信号的光学探测系统,得到了稳定、清晰的衍射图样.得到了衍射图样的宽度与声源距离的变化关系,声源距离越小,衍射图样越宽.当水下声波传至水表面后,实验上得到了表面声波的衰减特性,理论上得到了衍射图样的角宽度和液体表面波振幅的解析关系式.发现表面波振幅的衰减随距离是指数型衰减.并研究了衰减系数随频率的变化,频率不同衰减系数也不同,而且频率越大,衰减系数越小.     

水下低频声信号的激光探测及波的衰减

为了探测几十赫兹的低频水下声信号,建立了水下低频声信号的光学探测系统,得到了稳定、清晰的衍射图样.得到了衍射图样的宽度与声源距离的变化关系,声源距离越小,衍射图样越宽.当水下声波传至水表面后,实验上得到了表面声波的衰减特性,理论上得到了衍射图样的角宽度和液体表面波振幅的解析关系式.发现表面波振幅的衰减随距离是指数型衰减.并研究了衰减系数随频率的变化,频率不同衰减系数也不同,而且频率越大,衰减系数越小.     

由简正波群延时及幅度反演海底参数

由简正波过滤技术得到1号与2号简正波群延时及幅度。通过匹配简正波群延时差来反演海底的声速、密度等参数,衰减系数由简正波的幅度反演得到。遗传算法用来在参数域内搜索待反演的参数。在 200～500 Hz频率范围内海底衰减系数随频率的变化关系为α=0.29f1.9dB/m（f的单位为 kHz）。最后给出由反演出的参数计算得到的传播损失与实验的声传播损失数据的比较,结果符合的较好。     

warping变换提取单模态反演海底衰减系数

为了获得浅海海底地声模型参数,利用warping变换方法分离出单模态简正波.对于接收深度固定、定深爆炸声源情况,以简正波理论为基础定义了距离归一化的简正波传播损失,并且其随传播的距离呈线性关系,故可通过此变化规律得到声压值实部的衰减因子,进而可求得海底地声模型参数:海底衰减系数.为验证此方法的有效性,仿真了warping变换提取单模态简正波的过程,同时将warping变换提取的单模态简正波与数值计算的结果进行比较验证;并针对某次黄海试验数据进行了处理,得到在150—550 Hz频带范围内海底衰减随频率的变化规律为α=0.581f_k~(1.86)(dB/m).通过与其他学者在相同海域试验结果的对比验证,变化规律基本相同.此外不同模态间反演相同频点的衰减系数接近也较好地支撑了结果.     

微波大气吸收衰减特性分析及分层数值算法

 给出了微波在大气中传输受气体分子吸收导致衰减的较精确计算模型，该模型扩展了传统计算模式忽略温度、湿度、压力变化及传播距离受限制的近似算法。结合我国某地区的实测气象数据模拟计算了该地区的大气吸收衰减，最后根据数值计算结果分析了微波随频率、发射角度以及月份（季度）变化的传播特性，并简要说明了此研究在微波遥感中的实际意义。     

雷声在大气中传播的吸收衰减特性研究

选取青海大通地区一次地闪过程的雷声信号,利用信号处理理论,得到了观测点雷声的频谱;依据声波在大气中传播的理论,计算了大气对雷声传播的吸声系数,分析了吸声系数随环境因素的变化,结果表明:闪电发生距离、大气湿度和温度是影响雷声传播的主要因素.在一定闪电距离和大气环境下,吸声系数随频率的增加而增大;频率小于100 Hz的雷声衰减很慢,空气相对湿度和温度对其吸声系数的影响也比较小,在一定距离内的衰减可以忽略;频率大于500 Hz的高频信号吸声系数较大,并且随相对湿度的增加而快速递增;吸声系数随温度呈非单调变化,频 关键词： 雷声传播 大气吸收 衰减     

反演声场简正波耦合系数矩阵

研究了有内波传播时声场的耦合简正波形式,分析表明各阶简正波系数的时间信号包含多个频率成分,各成分的频率为对应的两地波数差与内波速度的乘积,各频率成分的振幅与对应简正波之间的耦合系数成正比。因此即使内波的波形不随其传播而变化,接收器处的各阶简正波系数仍然具有多频的复杂结构。由此并根据简正波耦合强度与声场简正波系数起伏强度的对应关系提出了一种反演简正波耦合系数矩阵的方法;并用实验中获得的内波数据,反演了声场;计算结果表明:该方法有效地反演了内波传播情况下的简正波耦合系数矩阵。     

两种延迟线玻璃材料的超声衰减

本文应用超声脉冲回波技术,测量了两种延迟线玻璃材料SiO_2和FO_5的超声衰减,给出15K至300K温度条件下、10MHz至250MHz频率范围内两种材料的超声衰减系数随频率和温度的变化关系。实验结果表明。在50K温度附近出现一个大的吸收峰,在150K以上温区衰减系数与频率的关系近似成平方规律。最后,对实验结果进行了讨论。     

利用机会运动声源的水平阵地声反演EI北大核心CSCD

针对利用机会运动声源的反演问题,提出一种对水平阵的非相干波束输出进行重构并获得海底声学参数的反演方法。不同于匹配场反演,该方法利用了声场的平滑平均原理,并且将衰减简正波的影响比例提升。仿真分析表明所提方法相比于匹配场反演对海底衰减系数更加敏感并且对声源的空间位置误差更加宽容。实验数据的反演结果表明研究海域在30~160 Hz频率范围内海底衰减系数随频率的变化关系为(0.34±0.18) f^(1.59±0.27)dB/m(f的单位是kHz),并且给出了由反演出的参数计算的传播损失曲线与实验的声传播损失数据的比较,所提方法比匹配场反演方法更准确地表征了声场传播特征。     

固井水泥传输函数及其含水成份对声速和声衰减影响的实验研究

本文采用实验方法初步研究了固井水泥的超声传输函数、声衰减和频率的关系以及含水饱和度对声速和衰减的影响。实验中我们对若干种不同型号、水灰比和固化温度的水泥样品进行了声传输函数测量,测量频段为1.5MHz—4.5MHz。并使用中心频率为1.25MHz探头测量了固井水泥含水饱和度对声速和声衰减的影响。结果表明,在本测量频段内,各种固井水泥的声衰减系数主要与频率一次方成正比。随着固化温度的增加,固井水泥的声衰减系数有增大的趋势,水灰比由40％增至50％时,衰减系数有减小的趋势。固井水泥含水饱和度变化对声衰减影响剧烈,当含水饱和度由100％降至80％时,声衰减增加最快。含水饱和度变化对固井水泥声速度的影响不大。     

Apertureless SNOM imaging of the surface phonon polariton waves: what do we measure?

The apertureless scanning near-field microscope (ASNOM) mapping of surface phonon polariton (SPP) waves being excited at the surface of the SiC polar crystal at a frequency corresponding to the lattice resonance was investigated. The wave with well-defined direction and source position, as well as a well-known propagation law, was used to calibrate the signal of an ASNOM. An experimental proof is presented showing that the signal collected by the ASNOM in such a case is proportional (as a complex number) to the local field amplitude above the surface, regardless of the tip response model. It is shown that the expression describing an ASNOM response, which is, in general case, rather complicated nonlinear function of a surface/tip dielectric constants, wavelength, tip vibration amplitude, tip shape etc., can be dramatically simplified in the case of the SPP waves mapping in a mid-IR range, due to a lucky combination of the tip and surface parameters for the case being considered. A tip vibration amplitude is much less than a running SPP wave field decay height in a normal direction. At the same time, the tip amplitude is larger than a characteristic distance at which a tip–surface electromagnetic near-field interaction plays a significant role.     

在线转子振动参数的光电检测

为了测量在线转子的振动信息,以半导体激光器为光源,以PSD(position sensitive detector)为探测器,基于光电三角测量法,建立了一套包括软、硬件在内的激光测振系统。通过对该系统的标定实验表明,实际位移与所测得的位移呈线性关系。在数据处理中,对所得到的复杂时域振动信号进行了离散傅里叶变换(DFT),从而在频率域获得了转子的振动频率和振幅信息。通过采用多线程高级编程技术,解决了数据处理时间、图像及数据显示、存储时间之间的冲突,实现了在线测量。经测试表明,该测振系统的测量频率分辨率可达到0.6Hz,振幅不确定度小于±10μm。     

Melt Vibration Improved Melt Flow Behavior and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene

A pulse pressure was superimposed on the melt flow resulting in melt vibration. With application of the melt vibration technology, the melt flow behavior and mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene were studied. For vibration‐assisted extrusion (VAE) at constant vibration pressure amplitude, the viscosity decreases sharply with increasing vibration frequency, and also does so when increasing vibration pressure amplitude for VAE at constant vibration frequency. The effect of vibration field on melt rheological behavior is also related to the melt temperature; a large decease in viscosity is obtained at low melt temperature. Compared with the mechanical properties obtained by conventional injection molding (CIM), the mechanical properties for vibration‐assisted injection molding (VAIM) samples were improved by changing the vibration frequency and vibration pressure amplitude. Injected at constant low vibration pressure amplitude, the VAIM sample prepared at high vibration frequency shows large elongation at break; injected at constant low vibration frequency, the VAIM sample prepared at high vibration pressure amplitude shows greatly improved yield strength. The above two VAIM processing routes produce different VAIM samples with different fracture behaviors; a distinct layered structure for VAIM samples was observed by SEM.     

硅微机械谐振器特性与激励光斑位置关系的研究

阐述了对硅悬臂梁谐振子进行光激励研究的结果，结果表明，谐振子的振幅与激励光斑的位置以及所激励的模态有关，在模态的两节点的中心位置进行激励，可得到最大的振幅，而且振幅随着激励光斑偏离子中心位置而下降基节点处激励时，振幅达到最小。上述结论也适用于其它点热源激励的微机械谐振器，并为点热激激励的微机械谐振器的设计和制作提供了依据。     

Wave propagation in carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions: finite element calculations

The dispersion of longitudinal and transverse waves in (n,0)–(2n,0) intramolecular junctions (IMJs) are investigated using an atomistic finite element method (FEM). The transient responses of IMJs with different connection types subjected to harmonic incident wave were modelled using three-dimensional elastic beams of carbon bonds and point masses. The linkage between the force-field constants of molecular mechanics and input parameters of beam and mass elements was established through the molecular structural mechanics approach. The wave dispersion simulated by FEM shows good agreement with that of the non-local elastic model in a wide frequency range up to the terahertz region. It is shown that both the microstructure of conical part (connection part) and the coupling of longitudinal vibration and transverse vibration brought by the conicity play important roles in the dispersion of longitudinal and transverse wave in a single-walled IMJ. The amplitude decay of longitudinal wave depended on the distance propagating; the wavelength and the structure in connection part are examined. The results show that the dispersion of the decay of the wave amplitude in IMJ with less pentagon–heptagon defects has a better agreement with analytical results of macroscopic conical shell.     

液面位置对流-固交界面上伪瑞利波幅度影响的数值模拟

研究了流体半空间中存在气-液交界面并且其位置发生改变时,流-固交界面上伪瑞利波的传播特性和幅度响应特征。借助有限差分的方法,实现了对不同气-液交界面位置时振动方向垂直于流-固交界面的脉冲面源所激发表面波声场的数值模拟,分别讨论了气-液交界面自身的散射作用与伪瑞利波传播过程中的能量泄漏对伪瑞利波幅度的影响。数值模拟结果表明:气-液交界面自身对伪瑞利波的散射作用对伪瑞利波幅度仅有极微小的影响,而能量泄漏才是引起伪瑞利波衰减的决定性因素;随着气-液交界面位置的升高,脉冲伪瑞利波幅度呈指数规律下降,与此同时主频向低频偏移。所得研究结果可以发展为一种利用伪瑞利波幅度进行液位检测的可靠方法。      

Simulation of the nonlinear vibration of a string using the cellular automation method

In this study, the nonlinear dynamic responses of a string were simulated using the cellular automaton (CA) method. The local rules were set for the amplitude of vibration and the decay rate of amplitude. In the case of nonlinear systems, the velocity of wave propagation is not constant and depends on the amplitude. Thus, a new treatment of the time step was proposed, i.e., the time step in the CA method is adjusted to real time by considering the effect of the propagation velocity. As numerical examples, first, the dynamic responses of a string with linear characteristic were simulated and a typical resonance curve could be obtained. Secondly the dynamic responses of a string with nonlinear characteristic were simulated. Some characteristic types of vibration could be obtained. It was concluded that the linear and nonlinear dynamic responses of a string could be simulated using the CA method.     

Biaxially Self-Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Prepared by Vibration-Assisted Injection Molding. I. Processing Conditions and Physical Properties

A pulse pressure was imposed on the melt in the injection molding cavity during the injection and holding pressure stages, called vibration-assisted injection molding (VAIM) technology. With the VAIM technology, biaxially self-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) samples were prepared and the physical properties affected by the vibration processing conditions were studied. The tensile properties can be improved in both the machine direction (MD) and the transverse direction (TD) by changing the vibration frequency and vibration pressure amplitude, respectively. The elongation at break increased with increasing the vibration frequency for the VAIM sample processed at constant low vibration pressure amplitude; the yield strength increased with increasing the vibration pressure amplitude for the VAIM sample prepared at constant low vibration frequency. The softening point temperature for the VAIM sample increased by 8°C compared with a conventional injection-molded (CIM) sample.     

Self-Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Prepared by Low-Frequency,Vibration-Assisted Injection Molding. 1. Processing Conditions and Physical Properties

Using a low-frequency, vibration-assisted injection molding (VAIM) device, the effects of vibration variables (frequency and amplitude) on mechanical properties and thermal softening temperature of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) injection moldings were investigated. For VAIM-processed samples, the mechanical properties can be improved by changing vibration frequency and vibration pressure amplitude. Injected at a constant vibration pressure amplitude, a low range of frequency (below 0.7 Hz) was favorable for increasing yield strength; in the high range of frequency (0.7 Hz < f < 2.33 Hz) the yield strength remained at a plateau. Injected at a constant frequency (0.7 Hz) the yield strength increased sharply with decreased elongation when applying large vibration pressure amplitude. The maximal yield strength and Young's modulus were 60.6 MPa and 2.1 GPa for a VAIM sample compared with 39.8 MPa and 1.0 GPa for a conventional injection-molded (CIM) sample, respectively; there was also a 10°C increase in Vicat softening point temperature.     

Measuring vibration by using fiber Bragg grating and demodulating it by blazed grating

A method of measuring vibration by using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and demodulating the spectrum by blazed grating is introduced. The sensor system is made of a simple supported beam with a FBG adhered to its upper surface. A blazed grating is used to demodulate the changing spectrum that is got from the sensor system, and a line charge-coupled device (CCD) is used to accept the diffraction spectrum.Through analyzing the number of the CCD's pixels, we can get the amplitude of vibration and the change of the temperature. The experimental results show that the vibration amplitude of the exciter matches the detected signal under the stable frequency. The temperature shift and vibration signal are also successfully separated.