丝瓜中维生素C含量的测定

为建立丝瓜中维生素C含量直接测定的新方法,以10%盐酸溶液为溶剂,采用紫外分光光度法测定其含量。结果表明,维生素C在0～10 mg/L质量浓度范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为:y=0.047 46ρ+0.001 09,r=0.999 7。检出限为0.023μg/mL,加标回收率在90.6%～99.0%之间。该法操作简单,结果准确,应用于维生素C含量的测定,结果准确,令人满意,可作为控制维生素C质量的方法。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定扁桃仁中的水溶性维生素C,B1,B2和B6

建立了用高效液相色谱同时测定扁桃仁中4种水溶性维生素C,B1,B2和B6的方法。以酸水解法处理样品,在Inertsil ODS-3柱(25 cm×4.6 mm i.d., 5.0 μm)上,以0.05 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH 6.0)-甲醇(体积比为70∶30)为流动相进行等度洗脱,检测波长265 nm条件下,对陕西蒲城扁桃仁中的水溶性维生素C,B1,B2和B6的含量进行了同时测定。4种水溶性维生素在其质量浓度为5.0~50 mg/L时线性良好(r=0.9990~0.9997);添加水平为5.0~20.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率为91.77%～99.30%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为0.31%～1.98%。测得陕西蒲城产扁桃仁中维生素B2的含量为4.27～4.53 mg/kg,维生素B1的含量为0.799～0.838 mg/kg,未检出维生素C和维生素B6。该法简便、快速,准确性和重现性均较好,对果仁中水溶性维生素的测定具有一定的参考价值。     

小波变换分光光度法同时测定复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素C

建立了同时测定复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素C含量的计算分光光度法--小波变换分光光度法.对芦丁和维生素C的重叠吸收光谱进行连续小波变换,分别提取只与芦丁和维生素C有关的特征小波变换系数,由特征小波变换系数值和浓度建立的线性回归方程,可以准确地测定复方芦丁片中芦丁和维生素C的含量.芦丁和维生素C的线性范围分别为0～25 mg·L-1和0～15 mg·L-1,对3个模拟试样作回收率和精密度试验,回收率在98.1%～102.0%之间,RSD值均小于等于0.9%.     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中维生素A、E、C的含量

分别建立了同时测定人血清中维生素A和维生素E的以及测定维生素C的高效液相色谱方法。维生素A、E血清样品用正己烷提取,ODS色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇,检测波长为325nm、292nm。维生素C血清样品用维生素C提取溶剂提取,ODS色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-30mmol/LKH2PO4缓冲液,检测波长为234nm。维生素A、维生素E、维生素C线性范围分别为89.1～1425.0μg/L、4.6～73.9mg/L、0.5～15.0mg/L,相关系数r均大于0.9996。维生素A、E、C高、中、低3个浓度的平均回收率为84.0%～101.2%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～5.1%。该方法准确可靠,可用于测定人血清样品中的维生素含量。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定谷瑞德胶囊中谷胱甘肽及维生素C

建立高效液相色谱法同时测定谷瑞德胶囊中谷胱甘肽及维生素C含量的方法。色谱柱为InertSustain C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以0.025 mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(用磷酸调pH 3.0)为流动相;检测波长为220 nm。结果表明,谷胱甘肽与维生素C的质量浓度分别在65.592～1 311.84,20.632～412.64μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均为1,检出限分别为16,177 ng/mL。谷胱甘肽与维生素C的加标回收率分别为97.1%～99.1%,98.2%～100.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.66%,0.87%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好,稳定可控,可为谷瑞德胶囊质量标准的建立提供技术支持。     

离子选择电极测定维生素C生产过程中钠含量

采用钠离子选择电极测定维生素C(VC)生产过程中钠的含量。试验表明:该离子选择性电极对钠具有良好的选择性和电位响应特性。在pH≥10介质中,电极电位呈现能斯特响应,线性范围为1.0～10.0mg.L-1,斜率为55.18mV.pc-1。将该电极用于测定维生素C生产过程中的钠含量,测得方法的回收率在85.4%～99.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%～1.4%之间。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定维生素D_2和维生素D_3

提出了用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)分离和测定胶囊、油状试剂中维生素D2及维生素D3的含量。样品用甲醇超声提取,提取液用甲醇定容至100mL,经0.45μm滤膜过滤后供HPLC分析。采用Zorbax SB-C18反相色谱柱及C18保护柱作为分离柱,乙腈作为流动相,流量为1.0mL.min-1,在波长265nm处作紫外检测,进样量为20μL。维生素D2和维生素D3的质量浓度在0.50～20mg.L-1范围内与相应的峰面积呈线性关系,测得检出限(3S/N)依次为0.030,0.026mg.L-1。此方法应用于实样分析并在此基础用标准加入法做回收试验,同时进行精密度试验,测得回收率在95.0%～99.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%～2.6%之间。     

高效液相色谱流动注射联用电化学发光法测定赣南脐橙中的维生素C

建立并应用了一种集高效液相色谱(HPLC)、流动注射(FI)和电化学发光三者优点于一体的HPLC-FI联用电化学发光分析新方法.方法基于将在线恒电流电解产生ClO-与Luminol构成了较强的化学发光体系,而维生素C对该化学发光体系有抑制作用,与流动注射技术相结合.该方法在维生素C的浓度为1.0×10-8～3.0×10-6 mmol/mL之间回归,呈良好的线性,检出限达到3.0×10-9 mmol/mL,回收率在93.6%～106.8%.     

溴氧化紫外分光光度法测定维生素C和多酚

研究了同时测定维生素C和多酚的新方法。在体积分数38%和47.5%的乙醇、6×10-5mol/LBr2、2.5×10-3mol/LKI水溶液中,维生素C和多酚类的表观摩尔吸光系数(L.mol-1.cm-1)分别为5.42×104、8.22×105和5.46×104、8.60×105,维生素C和多酚的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.5%、2.3%和2.1%、2.6%,该法用于绿豆芽、酸橙、未熟苹果、青椒中的维生素C和多酚含量测定,回收率为95.78%～100.7%。     

离子色谱法测定药品中抗坏血酸

建立离子色谱法测定药品中抗坏血酸含量的方法。以SH-AC-3型阴离子交换柱为分离柱,以12.0 mmol/LNaHCO₃溶液为淋洗液,流量为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,采用等度洗脱的方式将抗坏血酸与氟化物、氯化物、亚硝酸盐、溴化物、硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硫酸盐等常见阴离子完全分离,通过抑制电导检测器检测,色谱峰面积标准曲线法定量。抗坏血酸的色谱峰面积与其质量浓度在3.0～500.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 3,方法检出限为2.7 mg/L。该方法用于维生素C针剂和片剂中抗坏血酸含量的测定,样品加标回收率为95.1%～101.6%,5次平行测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.55%～2.79%(n=5)。该方法操作简便,检测快速,可用于维生素C针剂和片剂中抗坏血酸含量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.