对太阳中微子丢失炎谜研究的一个新贡献

介绍对研究太阳中微子丢失之谜有重要意义的＾７Ｂｅ（ｐ，γ）＾８Ｂ反应Ｓ１７（０）因子的一个新的测量方法与测量结果。     

破解太阳中微子失踪之谜

 2001至2003这3年时间里,太阳中微子的研究进入了一个黄金时期。在这个时期中,一个困扰了物理学家40年的难题被漂亮地解决了。这个难题的解决对于物理学和天文学来说都非常重要。本文将简要回顾3年来关于太阳中微子研究的惊人进展。太阳中微子的产生20世纪上半叶,物理学家们普遍相信太阳发光图1太阳内部的典型核聚变反应是由于其内部不断发生从氢到氦的核聚变反应。根据这一理论,在太阳内部每4个氢核(即质子)转化成1个氦核(4He)、2个正电子(e+)和2个神秘的中微子(νe),见图1所示。     

太阳中微子之谜可能和解

 近来,欧洲核子研究中心(CERN)一位研究人员道格拉斯·莫里森指出,过去25年来一直使物理学家感到困惑的太阳中微子之谜可能得到解决,他认为,实验与理论之间的不一致可以归结为实验误差及有关太阳活动理论的不适当。从前,以陆上为基地的实验测得的来自太阳的中微子数量要比由太阳内部活动理论预言的少。     

太阳的故事——太阳中微子之谜

爱丁顿和贝特的理论能很好地说明太阳为什么可以长时间发射如此惊人的能量,从这个意义上讲,它已经经受住了初步的观测检验。但这种检验毕竟是很间接的,如果打个比方的话,有点像是通过测量一个黑箱的输出功能来检验有关它内部结构的猜测,哪怕检验合格,也未必能让所有人都信服,因为它终究不如打开黑箱直接窥视里面的结构来得确切。科学家们想要的正是像打开黑箱直接窥视那样的确切性。     

“太阳中微子失踪案和中微子振荡”一文中的若干问题

 《现代物理知识》2002年第一期和第二期连载了彭秋和先生的文章:“太阳中微子失踪案和中微子振荡”。这篇文章系统地介绍了太阳中微子问题的来龙去脉,内容丰富,可读性强。然而文中对中微子质量和中微子振荡的叙述有几处严重失实。     

太阳中微子实验的三大疑问

 19世纪末,开尔文一赫姆霍兹提出了一种解释太阳能源的理论.他们认为太阳产生的热和光来源于万有引力的转换.这种理论在当时为很多人所接受,因为它和天文学上恒星形成是由于星云状源的收缩相符合的.     

太阳中微子通量的估算

 第12届全国中学生物理竞赛有一道估算太阳中微子通量的预赛题.为了更接近实际,特将题目改写如下:已知太阳常数为1370焦/（秒·米²）并假设     

新型太阳中微子闪烁探测器的研制

概述了一种新型太阳中微子闪烁探测器的研制,其中载钆(Gd)液体闪烁体的Gd浓度达到5%、光的衰减长度≥150cm、对60keV的Gamma-ray之能量分辨率为21%(σ);直径1cm、厚3cm的GSO:Ce晶体,其发光产额约为NaI(Tl)晶体的20%、光的衰减时间为60ns、对662keVGamma-ray之能量分辨率为9.2%(σ).文章讨论了由这两种闪烁体构成的复合探测器的特点及作为太阳中微子探测器其本底的降低措施.对直径10cm、厚50cm的这种复合探测器的模拟计算表明其光的收集效率可达20%.     

(n,2n),(n,3n)反应激发函数的系统学研究

本文用包括平衡前发射在内的蒸发模型理论研究了(n,2n),(n,3n)反应的激发函数系统学.在对实验数据分析、拟合的基础上,得到一组较好的经验参数.利用这组参数计算得到的截面和实验结果符合较好.     

大气中微子的反常与超神冈的新成果

 大气中微子的反常与太阳中微子的丢失一样,由于涉及到中微子是否具有非零静止质量和新的物理规律,因而引起人们极大的兴趣本文将就人们所关注的如下问题进行讨论:什么是大气中微子的反常,它有何意义?人们已做了哪些实验、有何结果?超神冈(Super-Kamiokande,下称SK)有何特点、有什么新成果?最后简评了SK发表新成果的背景以及此成果即将产生的影响.     

The Solar Neutrino Problem as Evidence of New Interaction

A new concept to solve the solar neutrino problem that is based on the hypothesis about the existence of a new interaction of electron neutrinos with nucleons mediated by massless pseudoscalar bosons is proposed. At each collision of a neutrino with nucleons of the Sun, its helicity changes from left- to right-handed and vice versa, and its energy decreases. The postulated hypothesis, having only one free parameter, provides good agreement between the calculated and experimental characteristics of all five observed processes with solar neutrinos.     

Solar Neutrino Problem in Seesaw Model

A specific texture for the Dirac and Majorana mass matrices in the seesaw model leading to a pair of almost degenerate neutrinos is discussed. This texture can be obtained by imposing a global U(1) symmetry. This model could solve the solar neutrino problem through the MSW mechanism and offer the hot component of the dark matter of the universe which requires Σm_vi = 7 eV.     

太阳中微子问题研究进展

系统评述了国际上对太阳中微子研究的进展 ,说明了核物理实验对研究太阳中微子问题作出的贡献 ,对未来的中微子实验作了展望.The comparison between experimental results and theoretical predictions has yielded the solar neutrino problem. Over the years, the large communities of astrophysics and of nuclear physics took enormous efforts in solving this problem. The current progress on the study of solar neutrino problem is reviewed. Nuclear physics can make a significant contribution to this problem. The importance of the nuclear physics experiment is introduced. To minimize the uncertainties of neutrino detection has led to new...     

Neutral Fermion Masses in an E6 Model with Three Families and the Solar Neutrino Problem

This paper provides a potential resolution of the solar-neutrino puzzle in the E₆ model with three families by including the contribution of the 5-dimensional terms.     

Another Look at Just-So Solar Neutrino Oscillations

We take another look at Just-So solar neutrino oscillations, characterizing them by the energy E_/2 at which the distance-varying angle is /2, instead of by the usual m ² . The rising spectrum recently observed by SuperKamiokande is consistent with an E_/2 6–9 MeV and marginally with 48 MeV. The pp neutrinos must then be reduced to one-half the standard solar model prediction, and ⁷Be neutrinos must make up a significant part of the SAGE and GALLEX gallium signal. For E_/2 close to 9 and 48 MeV, the ⁷Be neutrinos will also show a large seasonal variation, emphasizing the importance of direct measurements of the ⁷Be neutrinos.     

Solving Solar Neutrino Puzzle via LMA MSW Conversion

We analyze the existing solar neutrino experiment data and show the allowed regions. The result from SNO＇s salt phase itself restricts quite a lot the allowed region＇s area. Reactor neutrinos play an important role in determining oscillation parameters. KamLAND gives decisive conclusion on the solution to the solar neutrino puzzle, in particular, the spectral distortion in the 766.3 Ty KamLAND data gives another new improvement in the constraint of solar MSW-LMA solutions. We confirm that at 99.73% C.L. the high-LMA solution is excluded.