具有余弦-高斯关联结构函数部分相干贝塞尔-高斯光束的传输性质及四暗空心光束的产生

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式,获得了余弦-高斯关联结构函数部分相干贝塞尔-高斯光束交叉谱密度函数通过近轴ABCD光学系统传输时的解析表达式.并因此探讨了该类光束经过自由空间传输时光强分布的演化特性.结果表明,余弦-高斯关联部分相干贝塞尔-高斯光束在合适的参数条件下能呈现自分裂等奇异传输特性.特别地,这种自分裂可实现暗空心光束的复制,即从一个暗空心光束获得四个相似的暗空心光束.并且发现这些传输特性和关联结构函数结构密切相关,因此调控关联结构函数分布以实现调制光的相干长度和空间分布性质从而可实现操控光束传输行为.由于暗空心光束在工程技术领域的重要应用价值,本文的研究结果提供了实现四暗空心光束的可能方案,从而在激光通信、微粒操控等方面具有重要的应用前景.     

Propagation of partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams with various symmetries in turbulent atmosphere

Normalized intensity distribution, the complex degree of coherence and power in the bucket for partially coherent controllable dark hollow beams (DHBs) with various symmetries propagating in atmospheric turbulence are derived using tensor method and investigated in detail. Analytical results show that, after sufficient propagation distance, partially coherent DHBs with various symmetries eventually become circular Gaussian beam (without dark hollow) in turbulent atmosphere, which is different from its propagation properties in free space. The partially coherent DHBs return to a circular Gaussian beam rapidly for stronger turbulence, higher coherence, lower beam order, smaller p or smaller beam waist width. Another interesting observation is that the profile of the complex degree of coherence attains a similar profile to that of the average intensity of the related beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere. Besides the laser power focusablity of DHBs are better than that of Gaussian beam propagating in turbulent atmosphere.     

一种新空心光束的理论及实验研究

提出了一种用来描述空心光束的新理论模型——空心高斯光束模型，通过控制光束参数可以方便地调制空心光束黑斑的大小.导出了空心高斯光束经傍轴光学系统的解析传输变换公式.利用导出的公式计算分析了空心高斯光束在自由空间的传输特性.在实验上利用矩阵本征值方法设计了能输出空心高斯光束的光学谐振腔，对实验上得到的空心高斯光束进行了传输特性的研究.结果表明，理论和实验相吻合.该空心高斯光束产生的光势阱为控制冷原子提供了一条新途径. 关键词： 空心高斯光束 光学谐振腔 传输特性     

部分相干环状偏心光束通过海洋湍流的传输特性

推导出了部分相干环状偏心光束在海洋湍流中传输的平均光强和光束质心位置的解析表达式, 并给出了最大光强位置满足的传输方程. 研究发现: 经足够长距离传输后, 在自由空间中最大光强位置比光束质心更靠近传输z轴, 并且其位置随着光束相干参数的增大而靠近传输z 轴, 随着光束偏心参数和遮拦比的增大而远离传输z轴. 但是, 在海洋湍流中最大光强位置趋于质心位置, 并且海洋湍流的增强会加速最大光强位置趋于质心位置的进程. 在海洋湍流中光束的相干性对光束传输特性的影响明显减小. 另一方面, 光束质心位置与光束的相干性、光束传输距离以及海洋湍流均无关系, 并且光束质心位置随着光束偏心参数和遮拦比的增大而远离传输z 轴. 所得结果对工作于水下湍流环境中的部分相干环状偏心光束的应用具有重要意义.     

Quantum polarization fluctuations of partially coherent dark hollow beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence atmosphere

Non-classical polarization properties of dark hollow beams propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence are studied. The analytic equation for the polarization degree of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams is obtained.It is found that the polarization fluctuations of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams are dependent on the turbulence factors and beam parameters with the detection photon numbers. Furthermore, an investigation of the changes in the on-axis propagation point and off-axis propagation point shows that the polarization degree of the quantization partially coherent dark hollow beams presents oscillation for a short propagation distance and gradually returns to zero for a sufficiently long distance.     

Propagation and coherence properties of higher order partially coherent dark hollow beams in turbulence

We formulate and evaluate in terms of graphical outputs, source and receiver plane expressions, the complex degree of coherence, beam size variation and power in bucket performance for higher order partially coherent dark hollow beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere. Our formulation is able to cover square, rectangular, circular, elliptical geometries for dark hollow and flat-topped beams in one single expression. From the graphical outputs of the receiver plane, it is observed that higher order partially coherent dark hollow beams will initially develop an outer ring around a central lobe, but will eventually evolve towards a Gaussian shape as the propagation distance is extended. It is further observed that stronger turbulence levels and greater partial coherence have similar effects on beam profile. During propagation, modulus of complex degree of coherence of partially coherent dark hollow beams appears to rise above that of the source plane values, reaching as high as near unity. Beam size analysis shows that, among the types examined, (nearly) flat-topped beam experiences the least beam expansion. Power in bucket analysis indicates that lowest order square fully coherent dark beam offers the best power capturing.     

Propagation of phase-locked partially coherent flattened beam array in turbulent atmosphere

Analytical formulae for phase-locked partially coherent flattened beam array propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are derived based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. Beam propagation factor (BPF) is introduced to evaluate the beam quality at the receiving plane. The influence of beam order, transverse coherence width length and the intensity of turbulence is discussed in detail.     

超衍射极限相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射显微成像技术中空心光束的形成

空心光束的质量是超衍射极限相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射显微成像技术中决定成像质量的一个至关重要的因素. 本文基于菲涅耳衍射理论,分析了螺旋相位片法产生空心光束的物理机理,并且模拟了不同的入射条件对产生的空心光束的影响. 模拟结果表明:波长与相位片中心波长匹配且光强呈圆对称分布的高斯光垂直入射到相位片上,当高斯光束中心与相位片中心完全对准时,可获得较理想的空心光束;入射光光强分布的圆对称性以及入射光中心与相位片中心的对准程度都会影响产生的空心光束的强度分布;同时,高斯光束小角度倾斜入射时,空心光的强度分布仍呈圆对称,却在观察面发生一定的位移;此外,入射光中心波长偏离相位片中心波长不大时,对产生的空心光束的强度分布几乎没有影响. 上述分析结果对用于超衍射相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射显微成像技术中理想空心光束的获取具有重要的指导意义. 关键词： 空心光束 超衍射极限 相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射 螺旋相位片     

双曲余弦高斯列阵光束在湍流大气中的光束传输因子

本文推导出了双曲余弦高斯(ChG)列阵光束在湍流大气中的光束传输因子( M ^{2因子)的解析公式,并采用相对 M 2因子研究了湍流对 M 2因子的影响.研究表明,在湍流大气中 M 2因子不再是一个传输不变量,湍流使得 M 2因子增大.非相干合成情况下, M 2因子随着传输距离、光束参数、相对子光束间距和子光束数目的增大而增大.相干合成情况下, M 2因子随光束参数和相对子光束间距的增大呈现振荡上升.相干合成情况下的 M 2因子比 关键词： M2因子)')" href="#">光束传输因子(M2因子) 光束质量 双曲余弦高斯列阵光束 大气湍流}     

Propagation properties of anomalous hollow beams in a turbulent atmosphere

Propagation of circular and elliptical anomalous hollow beams in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated in detail. Based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, analytical formulae for the average irradiance of circular and elliptical anomalous hollow beams propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are derived. The irradiance and spreading properties of circular and elliptical anomalous hollow beams in a turbulent atmosphere and in free space are studied numerically. It is found that circular and elliptical anomalous hollow beams at short propagation distance in turbulent atmosphere have similar propagation properties to those of free space, while at long propagation distance, circular and elliptical anomalous hollow beams eventually become circular Gaussian beams in a turbulent atmosphere, which is much different from their propagation properties in free space. The conversion from an anomalous hollow beam to a circular Gaussian beam becomes quicker and the beam spot spreads more rapidly for a larger structure constant, a shorter wavelength and a smaller waist size of the initial beam.     

Hollow Gaussian beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media

The propagation of hollow Gaussian beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media is studied in detail.Two analytical expressions are derived.For hollow Gaussian beams,the intensity distribution always evolves periodically.However the second-order moment beam width can keep invariant during propagation if the input power is equal to the critical power.The interaction of two hollow Gaussian beams and the vortical hollow Gaussian beams are also discussed.The vortical hollow Gaussian beams with an appropriate topological charge can keep their shapes invariant during propagation.     

倾斜离轴高斯-谢尔模型光束在大气湍流中通过猫眼光学镜头反射光的光强特性

本文研究了大气湍流和探测光空间相干性对倾斜离轴激光束通过猫眼光学 镜头反射光光强特性的影响. 研究表明: 由于光阑效应以及光束倾斜或离轴, 反射光光强出现振荡和非对称分布现象. 大气湍流不会改变其非对称性, 但湍流中其光强不再振荡. 当猫眼光学镜头存在微弱正离焦δ_max情况下, 轴上光强可达到最大值. 猫眼光学镜头焦距越大, 所需δ_max越大. 但是, 大气湍流和探测光相干性好坏都不会改变所需δ_max值. 在大气湍流中传输距离足够远时, 反射光强会成为离轴类高斯分布. 随着传输距离的增大, 相干性越差的探测光的反射光束扩展可以更小, 这与部分相干光自由空间传输规律完全不同. 探测光相干性越好, 其反射光强受湍流的影响越大, 但差异不大. 本文所得结果对激光主动探测的应用具有意义. 关键词： 猫眼光学镜头 大气湍流 部分相干光 光强     

大气湍流和热晕效应对列阵合成激光传输特性和光束质量影响的理论研究进展

介绍了大气湍流效应和热晕效应对列阵合成激光传输特性和光束质量影响的理论研究进展。主要介绍了合成激光在大气中传输的解析和数值模拟研究方法,大气湍流效应对列阵合成光束的光强分布、远场发散角、方向性、曲率半径和湍流距离的影响,以及大气热晕效应对列阵合成光束的光强分布、传输效率、重心偏移、热晕时间尺度和焦移的影响。研究结果表明,大气湍流效应和热晕效应对合成激光光束质量的影响与光束合成方式、合成光束参数以及大气参数密切相关。     

Propagation of laser array beams in a turbulent atmosphere

The propagation of phase-locked and non-phase-locked laser array beams of radial and rectangular symmetries in a turbulent atmosphere are investigated based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral. The beamlet used in our paper for constructing the laser array beams is of elliptical Gaussian mode. Analytical formulae for the average irradiance of phase-locked and non-phase-locked radial and rectangular laser array beams are derived through vector integration and tensor operation. The irradiance properties of these laser array beams in a turbulent atmosphere are studied numerically. It is found that both phase-locked and non-phase-locked radial and rectangular laser array beams eventually become circular Gaussian beams in a turbulent atmosphere, which is much different from their propagation properties in free space. The propagation properties are closely related to the parameters of laser array beams and the structure constant of the turbulent atmosphere. PACS 42.25.Bs; 41.85.Ew; 42.68.Ay     

Propagation of phase-locked truncated Gaussian beam array in turbulent atmosphere

Truncation manipulation is a simple but effective way to improve the intensity distribution properties of the phase-locked Gaussian beam array at the receiving plane. In this paper, the analytical expression for the propagation of the phase-locked truncated Gaussian beam array in a turbulent atmosphere is obtained based on the extended Huygens--Fresnel principle. Power in the diffraction-limited bucket is introduced as the beam quality factor to evaluate the influence of different truncation parameters. The dependence of optimal truncation ratio on the number of beamlets, the intensity of turbulence, propagation distance and laser wavelength is calculated and discussed. It is revealed that the optimal truncation ratio is larger for the laser array that contains more lasers, and the optimal truncation ratio will shift to a larger value with an increase in propagation distance and decrease in intensity of atmosphere turbulence. The optimal truncation ratio is independent of laser wavelength.     

一维线阵离轴高斯光束通过湍流大气的传输特性

研究了一维(1D)线阵离轴高斯光束通过湍流大气的传输特性，推导出了其光强传输方程. 研究表明，1D线阵离轴高斯光束通过湍流大气传输经历了三个阶段，即在近场其光强分布为类似于入射光的锯齿状分布，随着传输距离的增加逐渐变为平顶分布，最后在远场成为类高斯分布. 湍流的增强会使光束传输经历三阶段的进程加快. 并且，湍流使得不同子光束数的1D线阵离轴高斯光束的归一化光强分布相接近. 此外，子光束数越多的1D线阵离轴高斯光束受到湍流的影响越小；1D线阵离轴高斯光束较高斯光束受到湍流的影响要小. 关键词： 一维(1D)线阵离轴高斯光束 湍流大气 传输特性     

四瓣高斯光束的Gyrator变换性质和矩形空心光束的产生

基于Gyrator变换,推导了四瓣高斯光束场分布的解析表达式,研究了四瓣高斯光束通过Gyrator变换后的光强分布和相位分布.结果表明:在Gyrator变换过程中,四瓣高斯光束能够转换为具有光涡旋的矩形空心光束,在获得矩形空心光束时其四顶角处光束强度最强,而四条边上的光束强度分布几乎是均匀的.对影响矩形空心光束强度和相位分布的光束参数和变换角进行了详细的分析,发现光束阶数不同,产生不同类型的空心光束;Gyrator变换的变换角则影响空心光束能量分布;空心光束亮环的大小由四瓣高斯光束的束腰宽度决定,束腰宽度越大,矩形空心光束的宽度越小.     

Influence of turbulence on the beam propagation factor of Gaussian Schell-model array beams

The analytical expression for the beam propagation factor (M²-factor) of Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) array beams propagating through atmospheric turbulence is derived. It is shown that the M²-factor of GSM array beams depends on the beam number, the relative beam separation distance, the beam coherence parameter, the type of beam superposition, and the strength of turbulence. The turbulence results in an increase of the M²-factor. However, for the superposition of the intensity the M²-factor is less sensitive to turbulence than that for the superposition of the cross-spectral density function. The M²-factor of GSM array beams is larger than that of the corresponding Gaussian array beams. However, the M²-factor of GSM array beams is less affected by turbulence than that of the corresponding Gaussian array beams. For the superposition of the cross-spectral density function a minimum of the M²-factor of GSM array beams may appear in turbulence, which is even smaller than that of the corresponding single GSM beams.     

Propagation of cylindrical vector beams in a turbulent atmosphere

<正>Based on the extended Huygens-Presnel principle,the propagation of cylindrical vector beams in a turbulent atmosphere is investigated.The intensity distribution and the polarization degree of beams on propagation are studied. It is found that the beam profile has a Gaussian shape under the influence of the atmospheric turbulence,and the polarization distribution shows a dip in the cross section as the beam propagates in the turbulent atmosphere.It is also found that the beam profile and the polarization distribution are closely related to beam parameter and atmospheric turbulence.     

4Pi focusing of spatially modulated radially polarized vortex beams

We propose a method for generating focal beams with special intensity distributions using radially polarized vortex beams in a 4Pi configuration. A spherical dark-hollow beam and hollow beam array can be obtained by vortex beams with topological charge of m=1. A dark channel can be generated using vortex beams with topological charge of m=2. The length of the well-defined hollow beam array and the dark channel is about 30λ. These interesting beams are useful in optical trapping and manipulation.