Simple design technique for a triangular FBG filter based on a linearly chirped grating

A novel and simple design technique for triangular spectrum response of fibre Bragg grating (FBG) is presented based on a linear chirped grating. It is shown that this method is fast and can give a straightforward solution to meet a design target. The numerical simulation examples verified the effectiveness of the design method. A general approach to design for multichannel triangular spectral responses for FBG filters is proposed, which provides a solution that achieves a minimum change of refractive index for the fibre.     

基于边缘解调技术的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器的研制

研制了光纤光栅弹簧管压力传感器,并与双边缘解调技术相结合搭建了基于边缘解调技术的光纤压力传感器检测系统,对传感器和解调器的性能进行了测试,给出了实验结果.压力灵敏度为0.33nm/MPa,解调系统线性拟合度为0.99977,系统压力测量分辨率可达0.01MPa.     

High resolution instrumentation system for fibre-Bragg grating aerospace sensors

A passive technique for high-resolution detection of the wavelength of peak reflection from fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is presented. The approach, based on a de-convolution of the FBG spectrum and the spectrometer resolution, essentially overcomes the low spectral resolution (≈0.1 nm) associated with commercial spectrometers employing CCD detection. The performance of two algorithms, the Centroid Detection algorithm (CDA) and the least squares method (LSQ), are compared. The LSQ algorithm offers resolution enhancement of at least two orders of magnitude and is shown to be independent of the FBG intensity and bandwidth over a broad range.     

温度补偿式光纤光栅土压力传感器

针对现有土压力传感器无法实现长期、实时监测的要求,设计了温度补偿式光纤光栅土压力传感器。选用有硬中心的平膜片作弹性元件,选用灵敏度高、体积小、质量轻、易于波分复用和组成传感网络的光纤光栅作敏感元件;同时采用了不受力光栅法进行了温度补偿。经实验测试,该传感器的灵敏度为1.5 nm/M Pa;线性度误差为0.35%;重复性为0.06%;迟滞为2.19%;静态误差为2.21%;这些指标能够满足实际工程应用要求。     

Optoelectronic oscillator-based interrogation system for Michelson interferometric sensors

High-performance interrogation systems for optical fiber sensors are extensively required for environmental condition monitoring applications. In this article, we propose and demonstrate a Michelson interferometer (MI) interrogation system based on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). The frequency of the OEO is related to the free spectral range (FSR) of the MI. Thus, when the FSR of the MI varies with a change in external physical factors, the frequency of the OEO shifts and can be used for interrogation. We demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity and interrogation resolution are 35.35 MHz/℃ and 0.012 ℃, respectively. Such an OEO-based scheme enables wavelength-to-frequency mapping and promises a wide linear interrogation range, high resolution and high-speed interrogation.     

Integration of miniature Fabry-Perot fiber optic sensor with FBG for the measurement of temperature and strain

A sensor has been fabricated by the integration of a fiber Bragg gating sensor (FBGs) with a fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) sensor fabricated by etching method. In the integrated sensor, the FBG was used to measure temperature, while the fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer sensor (FFPIs) was used for strain measurement. Wavelength decoding for FBG and peak tracking for FFPI was employed for demodulation, respectively. The result showed that the temperature and strain sensitivity for the integrated sensor is ~ 2.7 pm/μεand ~ 9.3 pm/°C, respectively.     

FBG温度传感器探头的封装设计方案

提出了一种基于FBG(布拉格光纤光栅)温度传感器封装的新设计方案。一个密闭的容器被活塞分成两部分,一部分充满水银,另一部分抽成真空,两个完全一样的布拉格光纤光栅分别安装在活塞两边。当温度发生变化时,通过水银的热胀冷缩推动活塞移动,把温度的变化通过水银热胀冷缩转换成对光纤光栅的拉力和压力。而光纤光栅和金属外壳本身的热胀冷缩对两段布拉格光栅的影响是相同的,基本上可以相互抵消,因此,消除了温度和应力交叉敏感的问题。另外,理论分析表明该布拉格光纤光栅传感头的温度灵敏度可以达到2.83×10-4/℃。     

一种基于DSP的FBG传感器解调系统及算法

波长解调技术是光纤传感器的关键技术。介绍了一种利用可调谐光纤F-P滤波器来扫描光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器,应用DSP作信号处理的解调系统,提出了一种快速稳定且具有高分辨率的解调算法。波长测量分辨率可达2pm,测量范围50nm。用DSP芯片控制光学系统扫描,数据采集及运算,并进一步提高了系统的解调速度。     

一种基于BOTDA与FBG传感的共线温度测试技术

根据大型结构全尺度分布式高精度温度测量要求,组合应用布里渊时域分析(BOTDA)技术和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)温度传感技术,设计了一种由BOTDA分析仪、FBG解调仪、共线传感探头和光开关组成的温度传感测试系统。实验测试证明,该系统具备大范围分布式温度测量与局部高精度温度测量功能,而且实现了BOTDA测温技术与FBG温度传感技术的有效互补,解决了测量范围和测量精度的矛盾问题,并且具有良好的温度重复性,达到了预期的设计要求。该共线测试技术方案在大规模结构温度监测中具有广阔的应用前景。     

粒子群优化算法在光纤光栅传感器波长解调中的应用

为了提高光纤光栅(FBG)解调系统的波长解调精度,采用粒子群优化(PSO)算法结合参考光纤光栅(FBG),对常用波长解调器Fabry-Perot型光纤滤波器(FPF)的透射光谱中心波长与控制电压之间存在的非线性和回滞特性进行了研究,并提出一种实时建立FPF透射光中心波长与其控制电压之间关系模型的方法。该方法利用粒子群优化算法收敛快、易实现的特点,保证了FPF模型建立的准确性和实时性。实验结果证明,利用所建模型可有效提高FBG传感系统的波长测量准确度,测量误差不超过25 pm。系统结构简单,对提高FBG传感系统的测量准确度具有重要意义。     

经验模态分解法在光纤光栅围栏报警系统中的应用

为了解决基于FBG传感器的光纤围栏报警系统中多个FBG传感器在同时受扰时,定位报警信号难的问题,实现对报警信号的有效识别和判断,提出了一种基于经验模态分解（EMD）和小波包特征熵算法的分析方法。利用经验模态分解法对于信号的突变性敏感和有效保留以及其特有的自适应性分解特性,首先对报警信号进行经验模态分解,再结合小波包分解,得到小波包系数提取其信号的能量分布,再做归一化得到信号的能量分布特征向量,进而运用相关性分析实现对报警信号的识别和判断。通过建立实验模型,对采集到的报警信号做了分析,证明了该方法对于解决光纤围栏报警系统中FBG传感器的级联判断报警信号的有效性。     

Design of triangular FBG filter for sensor applications using covariance matrix adapted evolution algorithm

The design of triangular fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) filters using covariance matrix adapted evolution strategy (CMAES) algorithm is presented. The TFBG filter can be used as a readout device in FBG-based sensor applications. Two different filter design problems are investigated. The first problem is the design of TFBG filter for a specified bandwidth. The other is maximizing the bandwidth of the TFBG filter for a given grating length and maximum index modulation of the FBG. A more practical asymmetrical triangular FBG filter design is also considered. The results show that for the same grating length and maximum index modulation, a larger bandwidth can be achieved with a chirped grating. The maximized bandwidth design can be used to achieve the maximum possible bandwidth for the specified grating length, maximum index modulation and chirp rate. The results obtained using CMAES algorithm (codes available at http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/epnsugan) is compared with the results of PSO and other algorithms. Comparisons show that the CMAES algorithm is more consistent in obtaining the best solution with reduced computation time. Hence, the CMAES algorithm is effective for the design of TFBG filters for sensor applications.     

Analysis of temperature dependence for a ratiometric wavelength measurement system using SMS fiber structure based edge filters

Temperature dependence of an edge filter based on singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber structure is investigated numerically and experimentally. The experimental results and numerical results are in good agreement within an operational temperature range from 10 °C to 40 °C. It is found that the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) has a more significant effect on the temperature dependence of an SMS edge filter compared to the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). In the ratiometric wavelength measurement using two SMS edge filters, a small temperature variation can induce the ratio variation and in turn the wavelength measurement error. It is found the SMS edge filter’s response to both wavelength and temperature is linear. It is proposed that self-monitoring of temperature can be carried out using an updated ratiometric scheme. Self-monitoring of the temperature reduces temperature induced wavelength error to ±0.7 pm at 1545 nm, regardless of the ambient temperature variation.     

光纤光栅多参数桥梁结构监测系统的研究

从土木工程应用的实际情况出发,利用光纤光栅传感器具有波长绝对编码和易于复用的特点,提出工程化同时测量温度、应变和压力的全光栅型低成本分布式传感方案。设计了基于连续波调频技术的光纤光栅多参量桥梁结构监测系统,将光频域反射复用与波分复用技术相结合,实现分布式光栅传感网络的寻址,提高了系统复用容量。实验表明：所设计的传感系统能够准确监测结构重要部位的内部应变及车流量等参数,为桥梁结构的静、动载测试提供了准确的数据,同时也为桥梁的工作状态评估和健康诊断提供了依据。     

FBG温度传感器增敏封装技术及实验研究

介绍了FBG(光纤布拉格光栅)温度传感器测温的基本原理和封装方法,提出一种新型的FBG温度传感器的封装技术,包括封装结构的设计及封装材料的合理选择,目的是提高FBG的温度敏感系数和消除应力的交叉影响。通过对裸光纤和封装后FBG温度传感器的温度特性、应力影响等进行对比实验研究,在5℃至90℃温度范围对FBG的反射波长进行了测量,结果表明:采用此法封装后的FBG温度传感器对温度具有很好的线性度和重复性,基本上消除了应力的影响,可以准确监测温度,测温范围为-15℃~200℃,精度达到±0.05℃。     

Research on improving the transverse resolution of binary optical element by digital-division-mask technique

We present the digital-division-mask technique for the first time to solve the problem of decline in transverse resolution, which is caused by using digital micro-mirror device (DMD) to make binary optical elements (BOEs). One high-frequency gray-tone mask can be divided into several low-frequency masks by fixed or variable low-frequency period sampling. And the superimposed lithography effect of these low-frequency masks in the spatial or temporal domain is the same as that of the original high-frequency gray-tone mask. The paper firstly analyzes the digital-division-mask technique in theory and describes the feasibility and advantages. Then taking the diffractive surface fabrication of refractive-diffractive hybrid lens as an example, we conclude that the digital-division-mask technique improves the edge sharpness of lithography pattern, and enhances the diffractive efficiency of BOEs by experiment.     

应用光纤布喇格光栅传感器监测地下管道腐蚀的新方法研究

地下管线工作环境恶劣,腐蚀是引起它破坏和失效的主要原因之一.本文提出了一种应用光纤光栅传感器监测管道腐蚀的新方法.输送石油和天然气等一些物质的管道内部存在的压力会使管道发生膨胀,进而导致管道外壁产生环向变形.假定管道为无限长,管道内部压力导致的管道外壁轴向应变可忽略不计,当管线发生腐蚀时,会导致管壁变薄,管道内部的压力又可以看作基本不变,这样就会增大管道外壁的环向应变.当管道内部压力保持恒定时,管道壁厚与应变之间存在一定的反比例关系,本文方法就是将封装好的光纤光栅传感器粘贴在管道外壁,通过监测外壁环向变形来判断管道腐蚀的情况和程度.通过理论值、模拟值和试验值三者的对比分析来说明了这种新方法是可行的,并且值得被广泛应用,为埋地管道的防灾减灾提供了一种对策.     

Minimization of dispersion for symmetric FBG optical filters

Sharp edges of the reflection spectrum of fiber Bragg gratings originate the group delay. As follows from the dispersion relations, the delay of the symmetric grating grows up with the second derivative of the reflectivity with respect to the frequency. The distortion functional is proposed for filter optimization. It is the mean square delay at fixed integral reflectivity. An analytic solution for filters with minimum distortion is obtained in the limit of weak grating.     

基于衍射光栅的FBG传感系统解调算法分析

研究并实现了一种基于衍射光栅的FBG解调系统,针对该解调系统从理论上分析了光纤内的模式分布,分析了由FBG引起的模式间耦合效应。根据高斯光束经过该系统后的空间光强分布,采用多项式拟合的方法实现了反射光谱峰值定位算法。通过与高精度光谱仪的测量结果对比表明,该解调方法具有较高的波长解调精度和稳定性。由于系统中不存在扫描机构,该技术可以实现较高的动态扫描频率。     

Genetic algorithm-support vector regression for high reliability SHM system based on FBG sensor network

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network has attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, FBG sensor network is embedded or glued in the structure simply with series or parallel. In this case, if optic fiber sensors or fiber nodes fail, the fiber sensors cannot be sensed behind the failure point. Therefore, for improving the survivability of the FBG-based sensor system in the SHM, it is necessary to build high reliability FBG sensor network for the SHM engineering application. In this study, a model reconstruction soft computing recognition algorithm based on genetic algorithm-support vector regression (GA-SVR) is proposed to achieve the reliability of the FBG-based sensor system. Furthermore, an 8-point FBG sensor system is experimented in an aircraft wing box. The external loading damage position prediction is an important subject for SHM system; as an example, different failure modes are selected to demonstrate the SHM system's survivability of the FBG-based sensor network. Simultaneously, the results are compared with the non-reconstruct model based on GA-SVR in each failure mode. Results show that the proposed model reconstruction algorithm based on GA-SVR can still keep the predicting precision when partial sensors failure in the SHM system; thus a highly reliable sensor network for the SHM system is facilitated without introducing extra component and noise.