Mode-locking of diode laser-pumped solid-state lasers

Mode-locked diode-pumped solid state lasers have become important sources for efficient and reliable short pulse generation. We review techniques for active mode-locking of diode-pumped lasers, highlighting techniques which have produced much shorter pulse durations than previous technologies and extended operating repetition rates to the several gigahertz regime. To achieve even shorter pulse durations a series of nonlinear passive mode-locking techniques have been developed. Self-starting additive pulse mode-locking, resonant passive mode-locking and self-mode-locking of diode-pumped solid-state lasers are described.     

掺镱光纤激光器自脉冲与自脉冲内的自锁模研究

采用单端连续抽运方式, 对自由运转的双包层掺镱光纤激光器的输出特性进行了详细的实验研究. 实验中不但观察到了自脉冲, 而且首次在自由运转的光纤激光器中观察到自锁模现象, 对它们产生的物理机理进行了相应的理论分析. 分析表明: 增益光纤的弱(未) 抽运部分对信号光的吸收导致光纤激光器内自脉冲的出现, 轴向模之间的拍频和自相位调制导致自锁模现象的出现, 而受激拉曼散射、 受激布里渊散射等非线性效应使它们进一步增强. 当抽运光功率略高于阈值时, 自脉冲宽度比较宽, 随抽运光功率增加自脉冲的脉宽变窄; 自脉冲包络面内的自锁模脉冲的宽度随抽运光功率增加也变窄, 进一步增加抽运光功率, 自脉冲和自脉冲包络面内的自锁模现象消失. 实验测得自锁模脉冲的间隔为224 ns, 最大(小) 自锁模脉冲的半高全宽约为35.0 ns (6.3 ns); 测得信号光的中心波长为1090 nm, 谱线半高全宽的最大(小) 值约为7.05 nm (2.01 nm).     

Properties of LBO and Generation of Mode-locking Blue Femtosecond Pulses

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Simultaneous self-mode-locking of TEM<Subscript>0,0</Subscript> and TEM<Subscript>1,0</Subscript> modes in a Nd:YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> laser: Application for measuring the thermal focal length

We demonstrate that the simultaneous self-mode-locking of TEM_0,0 and TEM_1,0 modes can be achieved in a standard end-pumped Nd:YVO₄ laser. With this simultaneous self-mode-locking, the transverse beat frequency can be accurately measured as a function of the absorbed power. We employ the measured beat frequency and the cavity theory to precisely determine the effective focal length of the thermal lens in the gain medium.     

Nd：YLF激光器中以负反馈强迫的自锁模技术

本文乎次利用ＧａＡｓ光电导开关，控制Ｎｄ：ＹＬＦ激光器腔内的Ｑ值，实现自锁模。稳态自锁脉冲序列长５０μｓ，单脉冲脉宽为１０ｐｓ，能量为０．１μＪ。     

Self-Q-switching and mode-locking in an all-fiber Er/Yb co-doped fiber ring laser

Using a section of un-pumped Er/Yb co-doped fiber (EYDF) as a saturable absorber, Self-Q-switching and self-mode-locking pulses have been obtained in an all-fiber EYDF ring laser. Such laser is with the self-Q-switched pulse threshold of 135.22 mW, the repetition rate of approximately 22.2 kHz, and the pulse duration of ∼2.8 μs, respectively. The self-mode-locked threshold is 591.8 mW. By incorporating the saturable absorption in an un-pumped EYDF and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, when the pump power is increased to 1242.9 mW, the continuous-wave (CW) mode-locking with the pulse width of 26 ns has also been demonstrated experimentally for the first time.     

用BBO倍频晶体作为腔内自聚焦元件的自锁模钛宝石激光器

本文首先从二次谐波产生(SHG)过程中的一对耦合波方程出发,在理论上得到了当基波光以接近相位匹配的角度穿过倍频晶体时会产生自聚焦效应,并用类比方法得到了BBO晶体相应的非线性折射率系数.在实验上,据我们所知首次将BBO倍频晶体作为独立自聚焦元件用到了钛宝石激光器中,获得了一台较腔内不加晶体时的锁模阈值明显减小、锁模稳定性明显提高且具有自启动能力的自锁模钛宝石激光器.     

SEM and Raman spectroscopy analyses of laser-induced periodic surface structures grown by ethanol-assisted femtosecond laser ablation of chromium

The effect of fluence and pulse duration on the growth of nanostructures on chromium (Cr) surfaces has been investigated upon irradiation of femtosecond (fs) laser pulses in a liquid confined environment of ethanol. In order to explore the effect of fluence, targets were exposed to 1000 pulses at various peak fluences ranging from 4.7 to 11.8?J?cm^–2 for pulse duration of ～25?fs. In order to explore the effect of pulse duration, targets were exposed to fs laser pulses of various pulse durations ranging from 25 to 100?fs, for a constant fluence of 11.8?J?cm^–2. Surface morphology and structural transformations have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. After laser irradiation, disordered sputtered surface with intense melting and cracking is obtained at the central ablated areas, which are augmented with increasing laser fluence due to enhanced thermal effects. At the peripheral ablated areas, where local fluence is approximately in the range of 1.4–4?mJ?cm^–2, very well-defined laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with periodicity ranging from 270 to 370?nm along with dot-like structures are formed. As far as the pulse duration is concerned, a significant effect on the surface modification of Cr has been revealed. In the central ablated areas, for the shortest pulse duration (25?fs), only melting has been observed. However, LIPSS with dot-like structures and droplets have been grown for longer pulse durations. The periodicity of LIPSS increases and density of dot-like structures decreases with increasing pulse duration. The chemical and structural modifications of irradiated Cr have been revealed by Raman spectroscopy. It confirms the formation of new bands of chromium oxides and enol complexes or Cr-carbonyl compounds. The peak intensities of identified bands are dependent upon laser fluence and pulse duration.     

自锁模飞秒掺铬的镁橄榄石激光器的实验研究

用波长为1.06μm的Nd:YAG激光器泵浦Cr⁴⁺:forsterite晶体,实现了Cr⁴⁺:forsterite激光器的自锁模飞秒激光运转,在吸收泵浦功率为8W的条件下,得到了脉冲宽度为85fs,中心波长为1246nm,平均输出功率为200mW的稳定锁模输出。     

自锁模掺钛宝石激光器的泵浦研究

对自锁模掺钛宝石激光器的原理作了较详细的描述，指出克尔透镜效应是形成自锁模的主要原因，但是，只有将克尔透镜自聚焦、振荡光参数和泵浦光参数三者结合起来考虑，才能全面了解自锁模的形成过程，本文从速率方程出发，得出了激光介质增益与光束参数的相对变化曲线，并据此来优化自锁模钛宝石激光器的设计，最后，将计算结果与实验作了比较，两者符合得较好。     

Mode-locked Yb-fiber laser with saturable absorber based on carbon nanotubes

An ytterbium-fiber laser with the self-mode-locking using a saturable absorber based on carbon nanotubes is presented. Original films that contain carbon nanotubes make it possible to generate pulses with a duration of 16 ps and a mean power of up to 10 mW at a wavelength of 1058 nm and a repetition rate of 125 MHz     

New time-resolved CARS arrangements

Summary Two techniques, using incoherent radiations of ns- or ps-pulse durations, respectively, used to obtain subps-time resolutions are described. Their advantages and limits are discussed. As a result both techniques should be used in addition to real fs-methods, because of their more simple arrangements and because of the possibility to determineT ₂-times of vibrations even if more than one vibration is simultaneously excited. Paper presented at the ?XI European CARS Workshop?, Florence, Italy, 23–25 March, 1992.     

Stimulated Raman spectroscopy using chirped pulses

We present a detailed theoretical and experimental characterization of a new methodology for stimulated Raman spectroscopy using two duplicates of a chirped, broadband laser pulse. Because of the linear variation of laser frequency with time (‘chirp’), when the pulses are delayed relative to one another, there exists a narrow bandwidth, instantaneous frequency difference between them, which, when resonant with a Raman‐active vibration in the sample, generates stimulated Raman gain in one pulse and inverse Raman loss in the other. This method has previously been used for coherent Raman imaging and termed ‘spectral focusing’. Here, gain and loss signals are spectrally resolved, and the spectrally integrated signals are used to determine the spectral resolution of the measured Raman spectrum. Material dispersion is used to generate a range of pulse durations, and it is shown that there is only a small change in the magnitude of the signal and the spectral resolution as the pulse is stretched from 800 to 1800 fs in duration. A quantitative theory of the technique is developed, which reproduces both the magnitude and linewidth of the experimental signals when third‐order dispersion and phase‐matching efficiency are included. The theoretical calculations show that both spectral resolution and signal magnitude are severely hampered by the third‐order dispersion in the laser pulse, and hence, a minimal amount of chirp produces the most signal with only a slight loss of spectral resolution. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dual-wavelength 92.5 GHz self-mode-locked InP-based quantum dot laser

We report on the generation of dual-wavelength self-mode-locking pulses from an InP-based quantum dot laser. The demonstrated device operates simultaneously at both 1543.7 and 1571.7 nm and has a repetition rate of 92.5 GHz. The pulse width is below 960 fs, and the average power coupled to a cleaved single-mode fiber is nearly 9 mW at a current bias of 60 mA.     

长短脉冲间自同步的光探针

一、引言 在六路激光系统中,我们采用从主激光输出中分出一部分进行喇曼频率变换和脉冲压缩,获得了最短脉宽为25ps的630nm的光,用此喇曼光我们进行了等离子体的阴影、纹影、干涉和磁场的测量,得到了一系列有用的信息。我们将此喇曼光用BBO晶体倍频,进一     

Generation of synchronized femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses in a two-beam-pumped Ti:sapphire laser

<正>Two operating modes,independent self-mode-locking and cross-mode-locking,are presented in a two-beampumped double-cavity dual-wavelength femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser.Synchronization of femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses is achieved by properly adjusting the cavity length matching and distributing the pump laser powers in the two laser cavities,and moreover,a timing jitter of 517 fs between femtosecond and picosecond pulses is obtained,with wavelength tuning ranges around 36 and 22 nm in the femtosecond and picosecond cavities,respectively.     

Generation and detection of tunable ultrashort infrared and far-infrared radiation pulses of high intensity

We report on generation and detection of intense pulsed radiation with frequency tunability in the infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Infrared radiation is generated with a transversally electrically excited high pressure CO₂ laser. A laser pulse of a total duration of about 300 ns consisted, due to self mode locking, of a series of single pulses, some with pulse durations of less than 450 ps and peak powers larger than 20 MW. Using these pulses for optical with durations less than 400 ps were obtained. For detection a new ultrafast superconducting detector was used.     

The reinforcement ability of ozone-treated CNFs on mechanical properties of C–epoxy composites

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are ozone-treated for different time durations (45 and 90 min). Changes in surface characteristics of CNFs due to ozone treatment were studied with BET surface area analyzer and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopic studies showed that ozone treatment is imparting enhanced degree of disorder for CNFs. Changes in surface functional groups of CNFs due to ozone treatment were estimated using elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The influence of ozone-treated CNFs on the mechanical properties of laminated (2D) carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix (CFRP) composites has been studied. Results indicate that ozone-treated CNFs can improve the mechanical properties of CFRPs significantly as compared to untreated CNFs due to enhanced interface compatibility between the ozone-treated CNFs to the matrix. Ozone treatment of CNFs proposed in this study has the potential to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods of generating functional groups.     

Inverstigation of Self-Starting for Self-Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Laser

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Generation and detection of tunable ultrashort infrared and far-infrared radiation pulses of high intensity

We report on generation and detection of intense pulsed radiation with frequency tunability in the infrared and far-infrared spectral regions. Infrared radiation is generated with a transversally electrically excited high pressure CO₂ laser. A laser pulse of a total duration of about 300 ns consisted, due to self mode locking, of a series of single pulses, some with pulse durations of less than 450 ps and peak powers larger than 20 MW. Using these pulses for optical pumping of a Raman D₂O laser, trains of short far-infrared pulses with durations less than 400 ps were obtained. For detection a new ultrafast superconducting detector was used.