稀土复合氧化物Ln_2CuO_4催化苯酚羟化反应的研究

合成了K_2NiF_4结构的Ln_2CuO_4(Ln=La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Gd)类钙钛石型复合氧化物催化剂.研究了这些稀土取代的类钙钛石型复合氧化物的固态物理,化学性质.探讨了此类复合氧化物在苯酚羟化反应中的催化作用.考查了催化剂结构和组成与其苯酚羟化活性的关系,结果表明,在K_2NiF_4型复合氧化物中,A位稀土取代效应对复合氧化物的苯酚羟化催化活性有很大影响.     

Ni系ABO_3和A_2BO_4型复合氧化物的固态物化性质与NO+CO反应的催化性能

合成了具有钙钛石ＡＢＯ３结构的ＬａＮｉＯ３和Ｌａ０．１Ｓｒ０．９ＮｉＯ３及具有类钙钛石Ａ２ＢＯ４结构的Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４和ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４等四个Ｎｉ系复合氧化物催化剂．研究了该系列复合氧化物的晶体结构，缺陷结构，Ｂ位Ｎｉ离子的价态，氧化还原性能及对ＮＯ分子的吸附性能等固态物化性质．考察了它们对ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的催化性能，并与ＮＯ直接分解进行了对比研究．探讨了结构因素对Ｎｉ系复合氧化物催化剂的固态物化性质及催化性能的影响．提出了ＮＯ＋ＣＯ反应的反应机理．     

类钙钛石型复合氧化物—一种富有应用前景的功能材料

介绍类钙钛石型复合氧化物主要是Ｒｕｄｄｌｅｓｄｏｎ－Ｐｏｐｐｅｒ型氧化物结构，特别是缺陷结构与性能之间的关系以及这类化合物的应用领域和前景。     

LnSrNiO4-λ系列复合氧化物的物化性质与对NO分解的催化性能

用柠檬酸络合法合成了Ｋ２ＮｉＦ４结构的ＬｎＳｒＮｉＯ４－λ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ）系列稀土取代类钙钛石型复合氧化物催化剂，对该系列催化剂的固态物理、化学性质及其对ＮＯ分解的催化性能进行研究。结果表明，该系列复合氧化物催化剂对ＮＯ分解活性都很高，在此基础上对该系列复合氧化物中稀土元素对ＮＯ分解反应的取代效应进行了探讨。     

Ce—Zr—固溶体的制备和表征

采用硝酸盐直接分解法、共沉淀法、苹果酸溶胶、凝胶 柠檬酸溶胶－凝胶法制备了Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ复合氧化物并进行了表征。溶胶－凝胶法制得的Ｃｅ－Ｚｒ－Ｏ为立方的Ｃｅ０．５Ｚｒ０．５Ｏ２复合氧化物（其中少量具有立方性质的ｔ＾〃相）,而直接分解和共沉淀法制得的是由立方Ｃｅ０．８Ｚｒ０．２Ｏ２和四方Ｃｅ０．２Ｚｒ０．８Ｏ２固溶体组成的复合氧化物。不同制备方法制得的样品由于物相组成不同,还原性能也有较大差别。差热     

稀土-碱土-过渡金属类钙钛石(A2BO4)复合氧化物催化剂的固态物化性质及对Nox 消除反应的催化性能

用柠檬酸络合法制备了多个系列的类钙钛石(A2BO4)结构的复合氧化物催化剂, 系统地研究探讨了该类催化剂的晶体与光谱结构、缺陷结构、对NO和CO等小分子的吸附性能、对氧的吸脱性能及氧化还原性能和稳定性, 同时考察了上述多个系列催化剂对NO直接分解和CO还原NO反应的催化性能. 发现Ni系A2BO4复合氧化物是NO直接分解的高活性催化体系, 特别是LaSrNiO4-λ催化剂具有很高NO的分解活性, 其活性高于文献报道Y-Ba-CuO/MgO的和Co系ABO3催化剂. 同时发现LaSrCuO4-λ具有较高的CO还原NO催化性能. 提出了在类钙钛石复合氧化物催化剂上NO分解和还原反应统一的氧化还原反应机制, 并比较了两个反应的异同点, 确认了氧空位在上述反应中的作用. 并较深入的探讨了取代效应、过渡元素、稀土元素和结构效应对NO分解和CO还原NO反应的影响机制. 本文分析总结了作者在类钙钛石(K2NiF4)结构复合氧化物的固态物化性质及对 Nox消除反应的催化性能方面的基础性研究结果.     

（NdCe）_2Sr_2Cu_2MnO_（10－δ）的合成和结构表征

（ＮｄＣｅ）＿２Ｓｒ＿２Ｃｕ＿２ＭｎＯ＿（１０－δ）的合成和结构表征吴兴才（淮南矿业学院化工系淮南２３２００１）钱逸泰，陈祖耀（中国科学技术大学应用化学系合肥２３００２６）关键词：层型铜氧化物，结构，半导体一、引言研究表明，铜氧化物超导体主要是由钙钛...     

在Ni系ABO3和A2BO4型复合氧化物催化剂上NO吸附性能的研究

合成了具有钙钛石和类钙钛石结构的复合氧化物ＬａＮｉＯ３，Ｌａ０．１Ｓｒ０．９ＮｉＯ３，Ｌａ２ＮｉＯ４和ＬａＳｒＮｉＯ４。考察了它们对ＮＯ的吸附和ＮＯ直接分解反应的催化性能，结合比表面测定，化学分析，ＸＲＤ和ＮＯ－ＴＰＤ对催化剂的表征结果，探讨了该系列复合氧化物对ＮＯ的吸附规律。     

纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3-λ)晶格氧与催化甲烷完全氧化性能研究

纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ｌａ１－ｘＳｒｘＦｅＯ３－λ晶格氧与催化甲烷完全氧化性能研究１）钟子宜２）陈立刚颜其洁３）傅献彩（南京大学化学系南京２１００９３）关键词钠米氧化物钙钛矿型复合氧化物甲烷完全氧化氧物种我们在前文［１］曾报导纳米钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ｌ...     

碳纳米管负载Cu-Co复合氧化物的富氢气氛中CO催化消除

采用超声处理辅助浸渍法制备了多壁碳纳米管负载的Cu-Co复合氧化物催化剂. 利用XRD、TEM、H2-TPR、XPS和Raman光谱等表征了催化剂的结构性质. 在Cu和Co氧化物以及金属氧化物与碳纳米管载体间存在强相互作用. 催化剂在富氢气氛中CO催化消除反应中,与单一Cu或Co催化剂相比,Cu-Co复合氧化物催化剂表现出独特的反应特性,特别是在较高反应温度下可同时结合CO优先氧化和CO甲烷化的反应途径来实现高效CO消除. 当Cu/Co比为1/8时活性最优,可以实现在150-250℃和高反应空速 （120 L/（h·g））富氢气氛中CO的完全消除.     

A Study on Production of Carbon Nanotubes by CH_4 Decomposition over LaNiO_3,La_4Ni_3O_(10),La_3Ni_2O_7 and La_2NiO_4

IntroductionIn the present study, by employing the citric acid complex method1, we prepared a series of perovskite-type oxides, viz. LaNiO3, La4Ni3O10, La3Ni2O7 and La2NiO4 for the growth of CNTs. After H2 reduction, the catalysts turn into La2O3 and active component Ni0 of various sizes. By means of CH4 decomposition over the reduced catalysts, high quality CNTs with dissimilar diameters can be generated in mass amount. In this paper, we attempt to make a comparison on the structure…     

预还原催化剂LaNiO3, La4Ni3O10, La3Ni2O7和La2NiO4 催化分解CH4制碳纳米管 的研究

通过预还原的LaNiO3,La4Ni3O10,La3Ni2O7和La2NiO4催化分解CH4可以制备大量高度石墨化的碳纳米管。还原前后的催化剂的结构和组分通过X射线衍射(XRD)测定。所制得的碳纳米管由扫描电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征。碳纳米管在空气在的热氧化性由热重实验(TG)测定。实验结果表明不同催化剂前驱中的La/Ni比会影响碳纳米管的管径分布和石墨化程度。La/Ni比越小,碳纳米管的管径越大,石墨化程度越高。     

La~2NiO~4催化制备纳米碳管

制备了四方结构复合氧化物La~2NiO~4,并以其为催化剂前体,甲烷和一氧化碳为碳,合成出大量高纯度的纳米碳管。XRD结果表明La~2NiO~4经还原后,在La~2O~3的隔离作用下Ni晶粒实现纳米级均匀分散。利用TEM,HRTEM,SEM,XRD,Raman等手段对所制备的纳米碳管进行了观察和表征。所制备的纳米碳管管径均匀、石墨化程度较高,该法制备纳米碳管工艺简单、产量较高,产品易于纯化。     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3燃烧催化剂的载体效应

Combustion catalysts La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 supported on γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, cordierite (2MgO•2Al2O3•5SiO2) and ZrO2 were compared. Further investigation was focused on LSM/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst. It was observed that LSM/γ－Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 20% (mass fraction) LSM (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 or corresponding oxides), heated at 750℃ or above, perovskite-type oxides were found by XRD examination, whereas, the same catalyst loaded with 10% or less LSM, perovskite oxides were absent, calcination temperature about 750℃ is necessary for the formation of perovskite structure in LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. High activity of complete oxidation of xylen will be obtained when perovskite-type oxides.
Investigation of TPR showed that neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) was reduced by H2-N2 mixed gas. Two degradation processes took place. In the first, reduced temperature peak was about 350 - 450℃. If reduction ended at 400℃, perovskite structure was retained, which may be due to the reduction of Mn3+to Mn2+ on the surface of LSM only. In the second process, perovskite structure was destroied, and La2O3, Mn2O3, Mn - Sr - O oxides could be obtained, which took place in the temperature range 685 - 750℃ and ended at 800℃. This was proved by TPR experiments (Fig. 3, 5) and XRD patterns (Fig. 4)
Catalysts LSM/γ-Al2O3(10% or 20%) heated at 500℃ have only one TPR peak, i. e. lower temperature peak. This is due to the absence of perovskite-type oxides in the catalysts. However, neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) heated 750℃ or above, not only the first low temperature TPR peak but also the second peak, which is contributed by the perovskite-type oxides in these catalysts appeared. Therefore, the second TPR peak, i. e. the higher temperatue peak is a characteristic peak for perovskite-type oxides in the reduced process. When LSM/ γ-Al2O3 (10%) catalys is heated at 750℃, no perovskite-type oxides were detected by XRD, and the second reduction peak was absent also in TPR process. \
The order of the second reduction peak temperature(characteristic peak of perovskite - type ox- ides) is: neat LSM(750℃）> LSM/γ-Al2O3 20% (685-698℃) -deposited LSM/γ-Al2O3 (698℃) > LSM/γ-Al2O3 15% (677 - 680℃) >(LSM/γ-AL2O3 10% 620 - 630℃, for Mn - Al - O medium oxides on surface). It is correleted with the increasing of the effect of support sequentially.
When LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were heated at 900℃, more stable phase, spinel MnAl2O4 appeared, which could be proved by TPR of model catalyst MnAl2O4/γ-Al2O3.     

尖晶石CuM2O4(M=Al、Fe、Cr)催化甲醇重整反应的特性

采用柠檬酸络合法,经900 ℃热处理制备了CuAl₂O₄、CuFe₂O₄和CuCr₂O₄三种尖晶石,并进行了甲醇重整性能评价。结合XRD、H₂-TPR、SEM和BET等表征,研究了铜基尖晶石的催化特性。结果表明,三种铜基尖晶石的形貌和大小有极大差异,表现出不同的催化性能,CuAl₂O₄尖晶石获得最优的稳定性和最低的CO选择性,CuFe₂O₄尖晶石上CO选择性最高且稳定性差,CuCr₂O₄尖晶石上石墨碳沉积最严重。根据长时间评价结果和表征数据发现,在反应气氛中铜基尖晶石不稳定,通过释放活性铜而起催化作用;同时铜的烧结长大与积炭现象共同影响催化性能。     

Catalytic Property of Perovskite-Type Oxide Prepared by Thermal Decomposition of Heteronuclear Complex

It is well-known that the perovskite-type oxides exhibit high catalytic activity for oxidation reaction. The present paper concentrates on catalytic activity and surface composition of the perovskite-type oxide prepared by thermal decomposition of heteronuclear complex.     

EFFECTS OF RARE EARTH OXIDES ON PERFORMANCES OF Ni/Al_2O_3 CATALYSTS FOR METHANE STEAM REFORMING REACTION

The Catalytic performances for methane steam reforming reaction ofNi/Al_2O_3(commercial), Ni/Al_2O_3 (developed surface )and Ni/Al_2O_3-R_xO_y (R israre earth oxide) Catalysts were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction,TG, SEM/ X-ray analysis, pulse gas chromatography,BET and Mercuryporsiniter techniques. The distribution of rear earth oxides on the supports,themetal-support (additives) interaction and the influence of rare earth oxideadditives on the dispersion of active components,catulytic activities,variationof nickel crystallites size,CO chemisorption,formation of NiAl_2O_4 as well asthe reducibility of the catalysts were examined.The presence of rare earthoxides in the Ni/Al_2O_3 (developed surface) results in great improvement ofstubility through suppressing the growth of Ni crystallites,the oxidation of themetallic Ni and the formation of NiAl_2O_4. The effect of heavy rare earth oxidesis more distinct than that of the light ones.Strong metal support interaction(SMSI) exists in Ni/Al_2O_3- R     

LaSrMO4复合氧化物的结构及其己烷完全氧化性能

采用分解无定形柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸聚合体法,合成了具有类钙钛矿型结构的LaSrMO4(M=Mn,Fe,Co,N i,Cu)催化材料,以己烷完全氧化为探针反应,运用XRD、BET、TPR、TPD、FT-IR、XPS等手段进行表征.结果表明:对己烷完全氧化性能的顺序为LaSrCoO4>LaSrN iO4>LaSrCuO4>LaSrFeO4>LaSrMnO4,且氧空穴和可移动晶格氧越多、比表面积越大及颗粒度越小,均有利于提高己烷完全氧化活性.     

Synthesis and Electromagnetic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much interest of scientists for their extraordinary structure and properties. Recently much more efforts were devoted to synthesizing CNTs and understanding their insulating, semimetallic, or metallic behavior. In the present work, the perovskite oxides were used as catalyst precursor. We obtained bulk growth of high quality CNTs by catalytic decomposition of CH₄ or CO using either fixed bed or fluidized bed reactor.     

用于消除挥发性有机物的有序多孔金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外用于消除挥发性有机物的有序多孔金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展, 主要包括有序多孔氧化铈、 氧化锰、 氧化钴、 氧化铁、 氧化铬和钙钛矿型氧化物及其负载贵金属或过渡金属氧化物. 讨论了这些催化剂对典型挥发性有机物氧化的催化性能, 并展望了新型高效消除挥发性有机物催化剂的研发前景及技术发展趋势.