Generalized weakly symmetric rings

A ring R is defined to be GWS   if abc=0$abc=0$ implies bac⊆N(R)$bac\subseteq N(R)$ for a,b,c∈R$a,b,c\in R$, where N(R)$N(R)$ stands for the set of nilpotent elements of R. Since reduced rings and central symmetric rings are GWS, we study sufficient conditions for GWS rings to be reduced and central symmetric. We prove that a ring R is GWS   if and only if the n×n$n\times n$ upper triangular matrices ring _Un(R,R)$U_n(R,R)$ is GWS for any positive integer n. It is proven that GWS rings are directly finite and left min-abel. For a GWS ring R, R is a strongly regular ring if and only if R is a von Neumann regular ring if and only if R is a left SF   ring and J(R)=0$J(R)=0$; R is an exchange ring if and only if R is a clean ring. Finally, we show that GWS exchange rings have stable range 1 and a GWS semiperiodic ring R   with N(R)≠J(R)$N(R)\ne J(R)$ is commutative.     

ON SOME PROPERTIES OF IF RINGS

Abstract

We show that left IF rings (rings such that every injective left module is flat) have certain regular-like properties. For instance, we prove that every left IF reduced ring is strongly regular. We also give characterizations of (left and right) IF rings. In particular, we show that a ring R is IF if and only if every finitely generated left (and right) ideal is the annihilator of a finite subset of R.     

Weakly regular rings with ACC on annihilators and maximality of strongly prime ideals of weakly regular rings

Ramamurthi proved that weak regularity is equivalent to regularity and biregularity for left Artinian rings. We observe this result under a generalized condition. For a ring R satisfying the ACC on right annihilators, we actually prove that if R is left weakly regular then R is biregular, and that R is left weakly regular if and only if R is a direct sum of a finite number of simple rings. Next we study maximality of strongly prime ideals, showing that a reduced ring R is weakly regular if and only if R is left weakly regular if and only if R is left weakly π-regular if and only if every strongly prime ideal of R is maximal.     

On the Schröder–Bernstein property for modules

The well known Schröder–Bernstein Theorem states that any two sets with one to one maps into each other are isomorphic. The question of whether any two (subisomorphic or) direct summand subisomorphic algebraic structures are isomorphic, has long been of interest. Kaplansky asked whether direct summands subisomorphic abelian groups are always isomorphic? The question generated a great deal of interest. The study of this question for the general class of modules has been somewhat limited. We extend the study of this question for modules in this paper. We say that a module Msatisfies the Schröder–Bernstein property (S-B property) if any two direct summands of M which are subisomorphic to direct summands of each other, are isomorphic. We show that a large number of classes of modules satisfy the S-B property. These include the classes of quasi-continuous, directly finite, quasi-discrete and modules with ACC on direct summands. It is also shown that over a Noetherian ring R, every extending module satisfies the S-B property. Among applications, it is proved that the class of rings R for which every R-module satisfies the S-B property is precisely that of pure-semisimple rings. We show that over a commutative domain R, any two quasi-continuous subisomorphic R-modules are isomorphic if and only if R is a PID. We study other conditions related to the S-B property and obtain characterizations of certain classes of rings via those conditions. Examples which delimit and illustrate our results are provided.     

Local rings whose modules are almost serial

The present paper is a sequel to our previous work on almost uniserial rings and modules, which appeared in the Journal of Algebra in 2016; it studies rings over which every (left and right) module is almost serial. A module is almost uniserial if any two of its submodules are either comparable in inclusion or isomorphic. And a module is almost serial if it is a direct sum of almost uniserial modules. The results of the paper are inspired by a characterization of Artinian serial rings as rings having all left (or right) modules serial. We prove that if R is a local ring and all left R-modules are almost serial then R is an Artinian ring which is uniserial either on the left or on the right. We also produce a connection between local rings having all left and right modules almost serial, local balanced rings studied by Dlab and Ringel and local Köthe rings. Finally we prove Morita invariance of the almost serial property and list some consequences.     

Decisive dimension and other related torsion theoretic dimensions

The paper is concerned with the study of the decisive dimension defined on the category of left modules over a ring R. We compare the decisive dimension with the Gabriel dimension and other dimensions recently introduced. We give module theoretic as well as lattice theoretic characterizations of rings with decisive dimension. As an application we obtain characterizations of some classes of rings.     

Morphic rings and unit regular rings

A ring R is called left morphic if for every a∈R. A left and right morphic ring is called a morphic ring. If M_n(R) is morphic for all n≥1 then R is called a strongly morphic ring. A well-known result of Erlich says that a ring R is unit regular iff it is both (von Neumann) regular and left morphic. A new connection between morphic rings and unit regular rings is proved here: a ring R is unit regular iff R[x]/(xⁿ) is strongly morphic for all n≥1 iff R[x]/(x²) is morphic. Various new families of left morphic or strongly morphic rings are constructed as extensions of unit regular rings and of principal ideal domains. This places some known examples in a broader context and answers some existing questions.     

Annihilator-stability and unique generation

A ring R is said to be left uniquely generated if $Ra=Rb$ in R implies that $a=ub$ for some unit u in R. These rings have been of interest since Kaplansky introduced them in 1949 in his classic study of elementary divisors. Writing $\mathtt{l}(b)=\{r\in R|rb=0\}$, a theorem of Canfell asserts that R is left uniquely generated if and only if, whenever $Ra+\mathtt{l}(b)=R$ where $a,b\in R$, then $a?u\in \mathtt{l}(b)$ for some unit u in R. By analogy with the stable range 1 condition we call a ring with this property left annihilator-stable. In this paper we exploit this perspective on the left UG rings to construct new examples and derive new results. For example, writing J for the Jacobson radical, we show that a semiregular ring R is left annihilator-stable if and only if $R/J$ is unit-regular, an analogue of Bass' theorem that semilocal rings have stable range 1.     

Automorphism groups of generalized triangular matrix rings

We call a ring strongly indecomposable if it cannot be represented as a non-trivial (i.e. M≠0) generalized triangular matrix ring , for some rings R and S and some R-S-bimodule _RM_S. Examples of such rings include rings with only the trivial idempotents 0 and 1, as well as endomorphism rings of vector spaces, or more generally, semiprime indecomposable rings. We show that if R and S are strongly indecomposable rings, then the triangulation of the non-trivial generalized triangular matrix ring is unique up to isomorphism; to be more precise, if is an isomorphism, then there are isomorphisms ρ:R→R^′ and ψ:S→S^′ such that χ:=φ_∣M:M→M^′ is an R-S-bimodule isomorphism relative to ρ and ψ. In particular, this result describes the automorphism groups of such upper triangular matrix rings      

ON EXCHANGE RINGS WITH BOUNDED INDEX OF NILPOTENCE

This paper studies exchange rings R such that R/J(R) has bounded index of nilpotence. We give several characterizations of such rings. We prove that if a semiprimitive exchange ring R has index n, then for any maximal two-sided I of R, if R/I has length n, then there exists a central idempotent element e in R such that eRe is an n by n full matrix ring over some exchange ring with central idempotents, and the restriction π from eRe to R/I is surjective.     

Preinjective modules over pure semisimple rings

For a left pure semisimple ring R, it is shown that the local duality establishes a bijection between the preinjective left R-modules and the preprojective right R-modules, and any preinjective left R-module is the source of a left almost split morphism. Moreover, if there are no nonzero homomorphisms from preinjective modules to non-preinjective indecomposable modules in R-mod, the direct sum of all non-preinjective indecomposable direct summands of products of preinjective left R-modules is a finitely generated product-complete module. This generalizes a recent theorem of Angeleri Hügel [L. Angeleri Hügel, A key module over pure-semisimple hereditary rings, J. Algebra 307 (2007) 361-376] for hereditary rings.     

On the Behrens radical of matrix rings and polynomial rings

It is shown that the Behrens radical of a polynomial ring, in either commuting or non-commuting indeterminates, has the form of “polynomials over an ideal”. Moreover, in the case of non-commuting indeterminates, for a given coefficient ring, the ideal does not depend on the cardinality of the set of indeterminates. However, in contrast to the Brown-McCoy radical, it can happen that the polynomial ring R[X] in an infinite set X of commuting indeterminates over a ring R is Behrens radical while the polynomial ring R〈X〉 in an infinite set Y of non-commuting indeterminates over R is not Behrens radical. This is connected with the fact that the matrix rings over Behrens radical rings need not be Behrens radical. The class of Behrens radical rings, which is closed under taking matrix rings, is described.     

Morphic group rings

An element a in a ring R is called left morphic if there exists b∈R such that l_R(a)=Rb and l_R(b)=Ra, where l_R(a) denotes the left annihilator of a in R. The ring R is called left morphic if every element of R is left morphic. Left morphic rings have been studied by Nicholson and Sánchez Campos. In this paper, the question of when a group ring is left morphic is discussed in great detail and various morphic group rings are identified.     

(n,d)-Injective covers,n-coherent rings,and (n,d)-rings

It is known that a ring R is left Noetherian if and only if every left R-module has an injective (pre)cover. We show that (1) if R is a right n-coherent ring, then every right R-module has an (n, d)-injective (pre)cover; (2) if R is a ring such that every (n, 0)-injective right R-module is n-pure extending, and if every right R-module has an (n, 0)-injective cover, then R is right n-coherent. As applications of these results, we give some characterizations of (n, d)-rings, von Neumann regular rings and semisimple rings.     

The minimal prime spectrum of rings with annihilator conditions

In this paper, we study rings with the annihilator condition (a.c.) and rings whose space of minimal prime ideals, , is compact. We begin by extending the definition of (a.c.) to noncommutative rings. We then show that several extensions over semiprime rings have (a.c.). Moreover, we investigate the annihilator condition under the formation of matrix rings and classical quotient rings. Finally, we prove that if R is a reduced ring then: the classical right quotient ring Q(R) is strongly regular if and only if R has a Property (A) and is compact, if and only if R has (a.c.) and is compact. This extends several results about commutative rings with (a.c.) to the noncommutative setting.     

Characterization of finite Frobenius rings

It is shown that a finite ring R is a Frobenius ring if and only if _R(R/Rad R) @ Soc (_RR)_R(R/\hbox {Rad}\, R)\cong \hbox {Soc}\, (_RR). Other combinatorial characterizations of finite Frobenius rings are presented which have applications in the theory of linear codes over finite rings.     

The cancellable range of rings

We unify the cancellation property of rings with stable range one and the principal ideal domain by introducing a new notion which is called “cancellable range”. It is proved that if a ring R has cancellable range n for some positive integer n, then for any n-generated module B and any module implies B ≅ C; if R is a Noetherian ring and R has cancellable range n for any n ≧ 1, then R has the cancellation property. Received: 16 November 2004     

Morita Invariance and Maximal Left Quotient Rings

Abstract

We prove that under conditions of regularity the maximal left quotient ring of a corner of a ring is the corner of the maximal left quotient ring. We show that if R and S are two non-unital Morita equivalent rings then their maximal left quotient rings are not necessarily Morita equivalent. This situation contrasts with the unital case. However we prove that the ideals generated by two Morita equivalent idempotent rings inside their own maximal left quotient rings are Morita equivalent.     

Injective hulls with distinct ring structures

It is well known from Osofsky’s work that the injective hull E(R_R) of a ring R need not have a ring structure compatible with its R-module scalar multiplication. A closely related question is: if E(R_R) has a ring structure and its multiplication extends its R-module scalar multiplication, must the ring structure be unique? In this paper, we utilize the properties of Morita duality to explicitly describe an injective hull of a ring R with R=Q(R) (where Q(R) is the maximal right ring of quotients of R) such that every injective hull of R_R has (possibly infinitely many) distinct compatible ring structures which are mutually ring isomorphic and quasi-Frobenius. Further, these rings have the property that the ring structures for E(R_R) also are ring structures on E(_RR).     

Generic noncommutative surfaces

We study a class of noncommutative surfaces, and their higher dimensional analogs, which come from generic subalgebras of twisted homogeneous coordinate rings of projective space. Such rings provide answers to several open questions in noncommutative projective geometry. Specifically, these rings R are the first known graded algebras over a field k which are noetherian but not strongly noetherian: in other words, R⊗_kB is not noetherian for some choice of commutative noetherian extension ring B. This answers a question of Artin, Small, and Zhang. The rings R are also maximal orders, but they do not satisfy all of the χ conditions of Artin and Zhang. In particular, they satisfy the χ₁ condition but not χ_i for i?2, answering a question of Stafford and Zhang and a question of Stafford and Van den Bergh. Finally, we show that the noncommutative scheme R-proj has finite global dimension.