Vertex Operators Arising from Jacobi–Trudi Identities

We give an interpretation of the boson-fermion correspondence as a direct consequence of the Jacobi–Trudi identity. This viewpoint enables us to construct from a generalized version of the Jacobi–Trudi identity the action of a Clifford algebra on the polynomial algebras that arrive as analogues of the algebra of symmetric functions. A generalized Giambelli identity is also proved to follow from that identity. As applications, we obtain explicit formulas for vertex operators corresponding to characters of the classical Lie algebras, shifted Schur functions, and generalized Schur symmetric functions associated to linear recurrence relations.     

New integrable canonical structures in two-dimensional models

We develop a new canonical r-s matrix type approach for integrable two-dimensional models of non-ultralocal type. The L-matrices algebra and the monodromy matrices' algebras are given in terms of the usual r-matrix and of the new s-matrix, which, for consistency (Jacobi identity) have to obey an extended, dynamical Yang-Baxter type equation. The possible violation of the Jacobi identity arising in the (naive) equal-point limit of the monodromy matrices' algebras is discussed and a general, consistent procedure, i.e. satisfying the Jacobi identity, is defined. The method is applied to the complex sine-Gordon model.     

Differential calculus on compact matrix pseudogroups (quantum groups)

The paper deals with non-commutative differential geometry. The general theory of differential calculus on quantum groups is developed. Bicovariant bimodules as objects analogous to tensor bundles over Lie groups are studied. Tensor algebra and external algebra constructions are described. It is shown that any bicovariant first order differential calculus admits a natural lifting to the external algebra, so the external derivative of higher order differential forms is well defined and obeys the usual properties. The proper form of the Cartan Maurer formula is found. The vector space dual to the space of left-invariant differential forms is endowed with a bilinear operation playing the role of the Lie bracket (commutator). Generalized antisymmetry relation and Jacobi identity are proved.     

Algebraic approach to anomalous sigma models

Anomalous σ-models in 1+1 and 1+3 dimensions are analysed using purely algebraic methods. We find, in the 1+1 dimensional example, a current algebra containing an arbitrary parameter which is compatible with the Wess-Zumino anomaly and anon-vanishing curvature. The consistency of the algebra is checked by means of a consistency condition and the Jacobi identity. In the 1+3 dimensional case, however, the conventional (anomalous) current algebra with a vanishing curvature is reproduced.     

Quantization of contact manifolds and thermodynamics

The physical variables of classical thermodynamics occur in conjugate pairs such as pressure/volume, entropy/temperature, chemical potential/particle number. Nevertheless, and unlike in classical mechanics, there are an odd number of such thermodynamic co-ordinates. We review the formulation of thermodynamics and geometrical optics in terms of contact geometry. The Lagrange bracket provides a generalization of canonical commutation relations. Then we explore the quantization of this algebra by analogy to the quantization of mechanics. The quantum contact algebra is associative, but the constant functions are not represented by multiples of the identity: a reflection of the classical fact that Lagrange brackets satisfy the Jacobi identity but not the Leibnitz identity for derivations. We verify that this ‘quantization’ describes correctly the passage from geometrical to wave optics as well. As an example, we work out the quantum contact geometry of odd-dimensional spheres.     

Generalized Virasoro algebra: left-symmetry and related algebraic and hydrodynamic properties

Motivated by the work of Kupershmidt (J. Nonlin. Math. Phys. 6 (1998), 222 –245) we discuss the occurrence of left symmetry in a generalized Virasoro algebra. The multiplication rule is defined, which is necessary and sufficient for this algebra to be quasi-associative. Its link to geometry and nonlinear systems of hydrodynamic type is also recalled. Further, the criteria of skew-symmetry, derivation and Jacobi identity making this algebra into a Lie algebra are derived. The coboundary operators are defined and discussed. We deduce the hereditary operator and its generalization to the corresponding 3–ary bracket. Further, we derive the so-called ρ–compatibility equation and perform a phase-space extension. Finally, concrete relevant particular cases are investigated.     

Geometry of projective plane and Poisson structure

V.I. Arnold [V. I. Arnold, Lobachevsky triangle altitudes theorem as the Jacobi identity in the Lie algebra of quadratic forms on symplectic plane, Journal of Geometry and Physics, 53 (4) (2005), 421–427] gave an alternative proof to the Lobachevsky triangle altitudes theorem by using a Poisson bracket for quadratic forms and its Jacobi identity, and showed that the orthocenter theorem can be extended on RP²$\mathbb{R}{P}^2$. In this paper, we find a new identity in the Poisson algebra of quadratic forms. Following Arnold’s idea, the goal of this article is to give alternative proofs to theorems, of Desargues, Pascal, and Brianchon, in RP²$\mathbb{R}{P}^2$, by using the Poisson bracket and the identity.     

Non-Commutative Batalin-Vilkovisky Algebras,Homotopy Lie Algebras and the Courant Bracket

We consider two different constructions of higher brackets. First, based on a Grassmann-odd, nilpotent Δ operator, we define a non-commutative generalization of the higher Koszul brackets, which are used in a generalized Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra, and we show that they form a homotopy Lie algebra. Secondly, we investigate higher, so-called derived brackets built from symmetrized, nested Lie brackets with a fixed nilpotent Lie algebra element Q. We find the most general Jacobi-like identity that such a hierarchy satisfies. The numerical coefficients in front of each term in these generalized Jacobi identities are related to the Bernoulli numbers. We suggest that the definition of a homotopy Lie algebra should be enlarged to accommodate this important case. Finally, we consider the Courant bracket as an example of a derived bracket. We extend it to the “big bracket” of exterior forms and multi-vectors, and give closed formulas for the higher Courant brackets.     

Quantizer–dequantizer operators as a tool for formulating the quantization procedure

We consider the quantization procedure and investigate the application of the quantizer–dequantizer method and star-product technique to construct associative products and the associative algebras formed by the quantizer–dequantizer operators and their symbols. The corresponding Lie algebras are also constructed. We study the case where the quantizer–dequantizer operators form a self-dual system and show that the structure constants of the Lie algebras satisfy some identity, in addition to the Jacobi identity. Using tomographic quantizer–dequantizer operators and their symbols, we construct the continuous associative algebra and the corresponding Lie algebra.     

Jacobi metric for the Bartnik/McKinnonSU(2)-EYM field

Motivated by the possibility of applying the Killing vector fields of the Jacobi metric for a particular spacetime-matter configuration to generate new solutions by continuous 1-parameter point transformations, we examine the associated Jacobi metric for theSU(2)-EYM field as given by Bartnik and McKinnon to see if internal symmetries of this kind exist. However, the only solution of the Killing equations we find is ^a=0. In addition we mention more general symmetry properties of the Jacobi metric.     

The Supersymmetry Approaches to the Non-central Kratzer Plus Ring-Shaped Potential

In this paper, we study the Schr?dinger equation with non-central modified Kratzer potential plus a ring-shaped like potential, which is not spherically symmetric. We connect the corresponding Schr?dinger equation to the Laguerre and Jacobi equations. These lead us to have some raising and lowering operators which are first order equations. We take advantage from these first order equations and discuss the supersymmetry algebra. And also we obtain the corresponding partner Hamiltonian for Kratzer potential and investigate the commutation relation for the generators algebra.     

The Schwinger terms and the gravitational anomaly

A new type of Schwinger term appearing in commutators of energy-momentum tensors is shown for chiral fermions in two-dimensional flat Minkowski space-time. Preserving the Jacobi identity, the Schwinger terms which correspond to gravitational anomalies appear in places different from the conformal anomaly. A relation to Faddeev's argument is also discussed.     

On Lie supergroups and superbundles defined via the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula

The Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula is extended to the class of Lie superalgebras and then is used to define a class of objects, which are called Lie supergroups. Such Lie supergroups turn out to be either Lie groups (then the Jacobi Z₂-identity is simultaneously the usual Jacobi identity) or some sets provided with a partially associative multiplication. Thus they are different objects from supergroups in the sense of Kostant, Berezin or A. Rogers. In particular no Grassman algebra is used in the paper. Examples of

1. 1) some matrix Lie superalgebras,

2. 2) certain superalgebras of the super-Poincaré algebra

3. 3) the special Lie superalgebras D(2, 1, ) and their superalgebras are presented.

Furthermore, cocycles of functions taking values in the Lie supergroups are defined and their partially associative multiplicative relations are considered. Some fibre bundles, whose transition functions determine such cocycles, are distinguished.     

On the Lie-Algebraic Origin of Metric 3-Algebras

Since the pioneering work of Bagger–Lambert and Gustavsson, there has been a proliferation of three-dimensional superconformal Chern–Simons theories whose main ingredient is a metric 3-algebra. On the other hand, many of these theories have been shown to allow for a reformulation in terms of standard gauge theory coupled to matter, where the 3-algebra does not appear explicitly. In this paper we reconcile these two sets of results by pointing out the Lie-algebraic origin of some metric 3-algebras, including those which have already appeared in three-dimensional superconformal Chern–Simons theories. More precisely, we show that the real 3-algebras of Cherkis–S?mann, which include the metric Lie 3-algebras as a special case, and the hermitian 3-algebras of Bagger–Lambert can be constructed from pairs consisting of a metric real Lie algebra and a faithful (real or complex, respectively) unitary representation. This construction generalises and we will see how to construct many kinds of metric 3-algebras from pairs consisting of a real metric Lie algebra and a faithful (real, complex or quaternionic) unitary representation. In the real case, these 3-algebras are precisely the Cherkis–S?mann algebras, which are then completely characterised in terms of this data. In the complex and quaternionic cases, they constitute generalisations of the Bagger–Lambert hermitian 3-algebras and anti-Lie triple systems, respectively, which underlie N = 6 and N = 5 superconformal Chern–Simons theories, respectively. In the process we rederive the relation between certain types of complex 3-algebras and metric Lie superalgebras.     

Graded Lie Algebra Generating of Parastatistical Algebraic Relations

A new kind of graded Lie algebra (We call it Z2,2 graded Lie algebra) is introduced as a framework for formulating parasupersymmetric theories. By choosing suitable Bose subspace of the Z2,2 graded Lie algebra and using relevant generalized Jacobi identities, we generate the whole algebraic structure of parastatistics.     

Approximate Noether symmetries of the geodesic equations for the charged-Kerr spacetime and rescaling of energy

Using approximate symmetry methods for differential equations we have investigated the exact and approximate symmetries of a Lagrangian for the geodesic equations in the Kerr spacetime. Taking Minkowski spacetime as the exact case, it is shown that the symmetry algebra of the Lagrangian is 17 dimensional. This algebra is related to the 15 dimensional Lie algebra of conformal isometries of Minkowski spacetime. First introducing spin angular momentum per unit mass as a small parameter we consider first-order approximate symmetries of the Kerr metric as a first perturbation of the Schwarzschild metric. We then consider the second-order approximate symmetries of the Kerr metric as a second perturbation of the Minkowski metric. The approximate symmetries are recovered for these spacetimes and there are no non- trivial approximate symmetries. A rescaling of the arc length parameter for consistency of the trivial second-order approximate symmetries of the geodesic equations indicates that the energy in the charged-Kerr metric has to be rescaled and the rescaling factor is r-dependent. This re-scaling factor is compared with that for the Reissner–Nordström metric.     

Projective geometry from Poisson algebras

By analogy with the Poisson algebra of quadratic forms on the symplectic plane and with the concept of duality in the projective plane introduced by Arnold (2005) [1], where the concurrence of the triangle altitudes is deduced from the Jacobi identity, we consider the Poisson algebras of the first degree harmonics on the sphere, on the pseudo-sphere and on the hyperboloid, to obtain analogous duality concepts and similar results for spherical, pseudo-spherical and hyperbolic geometry. Such algebras, including the algebra of quadratic forms, are isomorphic either to the Lie algebra of the vectors in R³${\mathbb{R}}^3$, with the vector product, or to algebra s_l2(R)$s{l}_2\left(\mathbb{R}\right)$. The Tomihisa identity, introduced in (Tomihisa, 2009) [3] for the algebra of quadratic forms, holds for all these Poisson algebras and has a geometrical interpretation. The relationships between the different definitions of duality in projective geometry inherited by these structures are shown here.     

Jacobi fields on statistical manifolds of negative curvature

Two entropic dynamical models are considered. The geometric structure of the statistical manifolds underlying these models is studied. It is found that in both cases, the resulting metric manifolds are negatively curved. Moreover, the geodesics on each manifold are described by hyperbolic trajectories. A detailed analysis based on the Jacobi equation for geodesic spread is used to show that the hyperbolicity of the manifolds leads to chaotic exponential instability. A comparison between the two models leads to a relation among statistical curvature, stability of geodesics and relative entropy-like quantities. Finally, the Jacobi vector field intensity and the entropy-like quantity are suggested as possible indicators of chaoticity in the ED models due to their similarity to the conventional chaos indicators based on the Riemannian geometric approach and the Zurek-Paz criterion of linear entropy growth, respectively.