固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法分析芍药和酒芍药的水溶性化学成分

利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法(SPE-HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS2)分析了芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)及其炮制品酒芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.preparated with wine)水煎液中化学成分的种类和结构,并对其主要有效成分芍药苷进行了定量测定.用此方法得到了芍药和酒芍药水煎液的紫外色谱(UV)图、总离子流色谱(TIC)图和萃取离子色谱(EIC)图,以及相应色谱峰的紫外光谱图和EIC/MS2的质谱图.对其进行解析,发现芍药和酒芍药水煎液中所含化学成分基本一致,但酒芍药水煎液中除主要活性成分芍药苷含量基本未变外,其它酚酸性化学成分含量相对于芍药水煎液均有不同程度的下降.同时鉴别出芍药和酒芍药水煎液中共同含有的16种成分,它们分别是:蔗糖、(+)-儿茶素、Mudanpioside E、芍药新苷、芍药内酯苷、氧化芍药苷、芍药苷、羟基芍药苷、没食子酰芍药苷*、牡丹皮苷Ⅰ、苯甲酰芍药苷、三没食子酰葡萄糖、四没食子酰葡萄糖、五没食子酰葡萄糖.以上分析说明,酒炙可保留芍药的药效,同时"缓和其酸寒伐肝之性".     

白芍化学成分的UPLC/Q-TOF-MS分析

采用超高压液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)在正离子、负离子模式下分析了白芍(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)甲醇提取物中的化学成分。液相色谱分离条件为:色谱柱:Waters ACQUITYTM UPLC BEH C18(100×2.1mm,1.7μm),乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.2 mL/min,质谱条件为:Waters ACQUITY Q-TOF-MS质谱仪,电喷雾接口,正、负离子模式检测。共推测出9个化合物的化学结构,分别为没食子酰基蔗糖,芍药苷亚硫酸酯,芍药内酯苷,芍药苷,没食子酰芍药苷及其3种同分异构体和苯甲酰芍药苷。探讨总结了芍药苷类化合物可能的裂解方式。     

没食子单宁类化合物的合成研究

研究了三苄基没食子酰氯与两种葡萄糖衍生物（1,2-O-,1,2：5,6-二-O-异丙叉-α-D-呋喃葡萄糖）的酯化特性。合成了4种典型没食子单宁类化合物,基于薄层色谱与核磁谱图解析,这些化合物的结构得以确定。     

垂穗石松中一个新的千层塔三萜（英文）

利用多种色谱分离方法对垂穗石松的化学成分进行研究,从其全株的乙醇提取物中分离得到2个化合物,用MS和NMR等多种现代波谱技术确定了化合物的结构,经鉴定分别为3β,14α,15α,21β-四羟基-15-(3'-甲氧基-4'-羟基苯甲酰)-千层塔烷(1)和16-酮基-3β,21α-二羟基-14-千层塔烯(2).其中化合物1为新化合物, 2个化合物均为首次从小石松属植物分离.     

翼首草中一个新的环烯醚萜苷

利用多种色谱分离方法对藏药翼首草的化学成分进行研究,从其全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到四个化合物,经过HR-ESIMS,1D和2D NMR等波谱技术,将化合物鉴定为5-[3-(1-羟乙基)吡啶],7-马钱苷酯(1),林生续断苷I(2),8-羟基-松脂素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)和8′-羟基-松脂素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1为新的环烯醚萜苷,化合物2是二聚体环烯醚萜苷,化合物3和4是两个木脂素.以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

两种取代黄酮的合成研究

分别以间苯二酚和间苯三酚为原料,首先通过傅克酰基化合成羟基取代苯乙酮,再对羟基进行苄基和甲基保护,然后和3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰氯在酸性条件下经Baker-Venkatarama分子内重排闭环形成目标化合物.中间体和目标化合物通过氢核磁共振和质谱进行确证     

镰翅羊耳蒜中的新黄酮苷类化合物

利用多种分离方法对镰翅羊耳蒜的化学成分进行研究,从其全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到两个化合物,经过HR-ESIMS,1D和2D NMR等波谱技术鉴定了结构,分别为山奈酚3-O-α-L-鼠李糖-7-O-[6-(4-羟基-3-异戊二烯基苯甲酸酯)-β-D-葡萄糖]-(1→2)-α-L-鼠李糖(1)和山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-二鼠李糖(2).化合物1为新的黄酮苷类化合物.     

Q Exactive四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱系统对丹皮酚经大鼠肝微粒体体外代谢产物的分析

以丹皮酚和2,4-二羟基苯乙酮为研究对象,采用Q Exactive四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱系统,及内置有Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相代谢途径分析的MetWorks代谢物鉴定软件,系统分析丹皮酚经肝微粒体代谢的Ⅰ相代谢及其Ⅰ相代谢产物2,4-二羟基苯乙酮经微粒体代谢的Ⅱ相代谢产物。结果表明,丹皮酚在大鼠肝微粒体中经Ⅰ相代谢后产物主要为4位去甲基化的2,4-二羟基苯乙酮和1位相邻羰基的脱甲基化的2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛以及5位的羟基化代谢产物2,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙酮,而2,4-二羟基苯乙酮的Ⅱ相代谢产物主要为4位葡萄糖醛酸化的糖苷化代谢产物2-羟基-4’-O-葡萄糖醛酸苯乙酮。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用测定黄芪黄酮苷酶解产物

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)联用分析黄芪中的黄酮类化合物结果表明黄芪黄酮提取物主要包含毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、9, 10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷以及2'-羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷等黄酮苷,黄芪黄酮提取物经过β-葡萄糖苷酶(1 IU/mL)粗酶液酶解后,HPLC-ESI-MS分析酶解生成产物主要为黄酮苷元毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、3-羟基-9,10 -二甲氧基紫檀烷以及7, 2'-二羟基-3',4'-二甲氧基异黄烷.其中前两种主要的黄酮苷酶解率均达90%以上.酶解后所得产物对DPPH自由基清除率是酶解前的1.4倍.因此,通过β-葡萄糖苷酶水解可以有效地将黄芪黄酮转化为相应的黄酮苷元,大大提高黄芪黄酮提取物的抗氧化活性.     

从(-)-莽草酸出发合成(3R,5R)-3,4,5-三苯甲酰氧基环己酮

报道了一种合成手性中间体(3R,5R)-3,4,5-三羟基环己酮的新方法。首次以(-)-莽草酸为起始原料,经苯甲酰化、双键氢化、选择性还原甲酯、羟基碘代、碘代烃消除、双键双羟化、片哪醇断裂等步骤,以44.9%的总收率合成了(3R,5R)-3,4,5-三苯甲酰氧基环己酮,所有化合物的结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR、 IR及MS等确证。      

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。