热致液晶乙基纤维素与尼龙－1010共混物的研究

在自制单螺杆小型挤出机上通过熔融共混的办法，制备了不同配比（５／９５－２５／７５）的ＥＣ／Ｎｙｌｏｎ－１０１０共混物，用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、毛细管流变仪，力学性能测试等方法对共混物进行研究，发现共混后尼龙－１０１０的形态结构有明显改变，其强度、模量都有提高，在高剪切速率下，共混物粘度大大降低，配比为１４／８５时，这些性能的改进尤为明显。     

热致液晶乙基纤维素与尼龙－1010共混物的研究

在自制单螺杆小型挤出机上通过熔融共混的办法，制备了不同配比（５／９５—２５／７５）的ＥＣ／Ｎｙｌｏｎ—１０１０共混物．用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、毛细管流变仪、力学性能测试等方法对共混物进行了研究．发现共混后尼龙－１０１０的形态结构有明显改变，其强度、模量都有提高，在高剪切速率下，共混物粘度大大降低．配比为１５８５时，这些性能的改进尤为明显．     

尼龙1010／马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共混体系的反应增容

利用Ｍｏｌａｕ实验、红外光谱、电子扫描显微镜等研究了尼龙１０１０与马来酸酐接技改性聚丙烯（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）共混体系的结构，结果表明，尼龙１０１０分子链中胺基或亚胺基与Ｐｐ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ上的酸酐发生了化学反应，生成的接枝共聚物起到了共混体系增容剂的作用，改善了体系的亲合性。     

热致液晶共聚酯／Nylon－1010共混物的研究

利用偏光显微镜（ＰＬＭ），差示扫描量热计及广角Ｘ－射线衍射等手段研究了热致液晶共聚酯／Ｎｙｌｏｎ－１０１０共混体系．发现当热致液晶共聚酯（ＨＴＨ１０）含量达到３０％时共混物微结构与纯ＨＴＨ１０相似．尼龙－１０１０的结晶度先是随ＨＴＨ１０含量增加而增加，随后又随之下降，但其结晶温度却随ＨＴＨ１０加入而单调下降，共混物的熔融热焓△Ｈｍ在ＨＴＨ１０含量为３０％时与计算值有较大的偏差，广角Ｘ－射线衍射结果表明，此时共混物结构发生了较为明显的变化，两组份之间在此时存在一定的相互作用．     

热致液晶共聚酯／Nylon－1010共混物的研究

 利用偏光显微镜（ＰＬＭ），差示扫描量热计及广角Ｘ－射线衍射等手段研究了热致液晶共聚酯／Ｎｙｌｏｎ－１０１０共混体系．发现当热致液晶共聚酯（ＨＴＨ１０）含量达到３０％时共混物微结构与纯ＨＴＨ１０相似．尼龙－１０１０的结晶度先是随ＨＴＨ１０含量增加而增加，随后又随之下降，但其结晶温度却随ＨＴＨ１０加入而单调下降，共混物的熔融热焓△Ｈｍ在ＨＴＨ１０含量为３０％时与计算值有较大的偏差，广角Ｘ－射线衍射结果表明，此时共混物结构发生了较为明显的变化，两组份之间在此时存在一定的相互作用．     

几种典型固体聚合物体系的~（13）C自旋－晶格弛豫特性

用固体高分辨ＮＭＲ系统地研究了几种典型的均聚物，共聚物，聚合物共混物以及用接枝共聚物增容的不相容聚合物共混体系的１３Ｃ自旋－晶格弛豫特性。研究结果表明：１３Ｃ自旋－晶格弛豫时间（Ｔ１（Ｃ））是表征固体聚合物体系的很有用参数，它能提供有关本体聚合物微观形态结构的信息，并可望建立聚合物的微观结构与宏观性能的关系，它不仅能准确无误地反映共混体系中可能存在的各种相互作用，而且能定性地给出相互作用的大小和准确地指明相互作用产生的位置，因而为揭示共混体系的相容机理提供了最直接的证据，另外Ｔ１（Ｃ）还能给出增容剂对不相容共混体系的增容作用和增容机制的直接实验证据     

含液晶离聚物共混体系的研究进展

液晶离聚物(liquid crystalline ionomers,LCIs)是一种具有液晶性能的离聚物,也可以说是带有离子基团的液晶聚合物.将液晶离聚物与其它热塑性聚合物熔融共混时,其既能起到液晶聚合物的高模量、高强度作用,同时也具有离子的增容剂作用.本文论述了液晶离聚物在共混体系中的研究进展.按照液晶离聚物所含离子的不同,论述了含有-COOH,-SO3H和≡N+ 的液晶离聚物对共混体系的增容和增强作用.考察了液晶离聚物对共混体系热力学性能、形态结构和力学性能的影响.     

PS-b-PMMA对PVC/SBS共混体系界面结构的影响

在两种不相容的聚合物组成的共混体系中加入增容剂，可以显著提高共混体系的力学性能．目前的理论解释是嵌段共聚物在不相容的聚合物间形成界面层，通过降低组分间的界面张力、增强界面粘接力达到增容目的［‘－‘1．但是这一假设缺乏直接的实验证据．本文利用透射电子显微镜，     

聚酰胺1010／聚乙烯－马来酸酐接枝共聚物共混物力学和热学性能研究

为了表明马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃后对聚酰胺的相容作用，本文研究了聚酰胺１０１０（ＰＡ１０１０）／聚乙烯－马来酸酐接枝共聚物（ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ）共混物在不同ＭＡＨ接枝量下的结晶性与力学性能。研究表明，ＭＡＨ的存在导致ＰＥ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ－ｃｏ－ＰＡ１０１０共聚物的形成，而该共聚物在标题共混物中起着相容剂的作用。共混物的结晶性能变化显示了共混组分间存在一定程度的混溶性。在一定的ＭＡＨ含量内，标题共混物具有协同效应。     

含碱性功能基聚合物反应性增容体系的研究

含碱性功能基聚合物反应性增容体系的研究胡静，张邦华，宋谋道，周庆业（南开大学高分子化学研究所，天津，３０００７１）关键词聚合物共混，反应性聚合物，碱性功能基，反应性增容通过共混单体方法制备聚合物“合金”是聚合物高性能化、开发材料新品种的主要方法。对于...     

侧链液晶离聚物对PA1010/PP共混体系的增容作用

将聚酰胺（PA1010）、聚丙烯（PP）和热致型侧链液晶离聚物（SLCI）进行熔融共混，采用FTIR，SEM，DSC，WAXD研究测定了共混物中的相互作用，用形态结构，热行为和结晶行为，系统地研究了SLCI对PA101／PP共混物的增容作用。结果表明，SLCI有效地改善了PA1010／PP共混物的形态结构，增强了PA1010与PP链间的相互作用，使PA1010／PP熔点升高，结晶度提高。     

Crystallization Kinetics and Melting Behavior of PA1010/Ether-based TPU Blends

Polyamide 1010(PA1010)/thermoplastic poly(ether urethane) elastomer(ether-based TPU) blends were prepared via melt extrusion. The crystallization kinetics and melting behavior of PA1010/ether-based TPU blends were systematically investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization kinetics results show that the addition of ether-based TPU hinders the crystallization of PA1010, and the hindrance effect increases with the increase of the concentration of ether-based TPU. Both pure PA1010 and PA1010/ether-based TPU blends exhibit double melting peaks in the process of nonisothermal crystallization. The double melting peaks change differently with the variation of cooling rate and blend composition. The cooling rate only influences the lower melting peak; however, the blend composition influences not only the lower melting peak but also the higher melting peak. The reason for the phenomenon must be the interaction between the two compositions.     

POE-g-PMAH反应性增容PA1010/PP共混物的性能研究

乙烯-辛烯共聚物-g-聚马来酸酐(POE-g-PMAH)作为反应性增容剂,采用熔体共混的方法制备了PA1010/PP共混物,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和示差扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了POE-g-PMAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,POE-g-PMAH的加入可以减小共混物的相区尺寸,当PA1010/PP/POE-g-PMAH=70/30/15时,分散相尺寸小而均匀;FTIR结果表明接枝在POE上的马来酸酐基团和PA1010在熔融共混期间发生了化学反应;DSC研究结果表明共混体系中PA1010和PP的结晶温度和结晶度随POE-g-PMAH的加入而降低,表明POE-g-PMAH的增容作用对PA1010和PP的结晶有抑制作用.力学性能测试结果表明随着POE-g-PMAH的增加,共混物的冲击强度逐渐增加,当POE-g-PMAH含量增加到15%时,干态冲击强度达到21.13 kJ/m2,是不加增容剂的3.1倍,而拉伸和弯曲强度可以保持较高水平.POE-g-PMAH的增容机理在于其支链中的马来酸酐能与PA1010中的胺基(NH2—)发生化学反应,而主链POE与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

Coionomeric mixtures of polyhydroxyethers and ethylene methacrylic acid copolymers. II. Compatibilizers for blends of polybutylene terephthalate and ethylene butyl acrylate copolymers

Blends of polybutylene terephthalate and ethylene butyl acrylate copolymers were studied at two extreme concentration levels so that each polymer would form, in turn, a particulate dispersed phase. The blends contained 5% by weight of a coionomeric compatibilizer, which was produced from 1 : 1 mixtures of a polyhydroxy ether of bisphenol A and the sodium ionomer of an ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer, using sodium ethoxide to enhance the formation of ionomeric clusters together with an A-B-A block oligomer to assist the solubilization of the two ionomeric polymers. In all cases the addition of the coionomeric compatibilizer mixture to the blend was found to decrease the size of the dispersed particles with a concomitant reduction in the interphase gap. It was also observed that the dispersed polymer exhibited a lower level of crystallinity and a slightly lower melting point than when it was present as a matrix, particularly for the case of the ethylene butylacrylate copolymer. The inability of the compatibilizer to completely prevent the formation of an interfacial gap which did not allow the blends to achieve more substantial improvements in mechanical properties, was attributed to the vast difference in crystallization temperature between the two polymers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Non-isothermal crystallization, melting behavior and polymorphism of polypropylene in β-nucleated polypropylene/recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends

β-Nucleated polypropylene (PP), non-compatibilized and compatibilized β-nucleated PP/recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (r-PET) blends were prepared on a twin-screw extruder. The compatibilizers were maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA), glycidyl methacrylate grafted PP (PP-g-GMA), maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene-octene (POE-g-MA) and polyethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA-g-MA) elastomers. Effects of r-PET content, compatibilizer type and content, pre-melting temperature and time on the non-isothermal crystallization and melting behavior, and polymorphism of PP in the blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). DSC results show that the crystallization temperature of PP crystallized predominantly in β-modification was higher than that of neat PP. In the non-compatibilized blend, PP matrix crystallized mainly in α-modification even if r-PET content was only 10 wt%. However, PP-g-MA compatibilization made PP matrix crystallize mainly in β-modification, but PP-g-GMA, POE-g-MA and EVA-g-MA did not improve the β-modification content distinctly. The α-crystal melting peak temperature of PP decreased with increasing pre-melting temperature, but r-PET content, compatibilizer type and content as well as pre-melting time had no obvious effect on the melting temperature of PP. The increase in PP-g-MA content, pre-melting temperature and time was benefit for the formation of β-modification. It is suggested that the β-nucleating agent is encapsulated or dissolved in polar r-PET in β-nucleated PP/r-PET blend, addition of PP-g-MA to the non-compatibilized blend resulted in transferring β-nucleating agent from r-PET phase into PP phase, the increase in PP-g-MA content, melting temperature and time was benefit for transferring β-nucleating agent from r-PET phase into PP phase. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PP in the blends were evaluated by Mo’s method.     

Morphology development of immiscible polymer blends during melt blending: Effects of interfacial agents on the liquid-solid interfacial heat transfer

This article reports on a new phenomenon: The presence of a compatibilizer accelerates the melting/plastification of an immiscible polymer blend during melt blending. The increase in the rate of melting as a result of the addition of a compatibilizer is believed to be one of the important factors responsible for the fact that the morphology of compatibilized blends develops much faster than that of their uncompatibilized counterparts. To substantiate the above statement, blends based on polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) were used as model systems. The compatibilizer was a graft copolymer (PP-g-PA6) with PP as the backbone and PA6 as grafts. Its presence in a PP/PA6 blend accelerated the rate of melting of the PA6. This effect was observed only when the compatibilizer itself was molten and migrated to the interfacial layer between the PA6 and PP phases. It is likely that the presence of the compatibilizer increased the chain entanglements at the PP and PA6 interface and consequently reduced the thermal resistance of the interfacial layer. Detailed mechanisms are discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 3368–3384, 1999     

Crystallization,melting behavior,and morphology of PP/Novolac blends

The crystallization, melting behavior, and morphology of Polypropylene (PP) and PP/Novolac blends were studied by scanning electron microscopy, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized optical microscope. The results showed that the crystallization of PP in PP/Novolac blends was strongly influenced by crystallization temperature, particles size of Novolac, crosslinking, and compatibilizer maleic anhydride‐grafted PP. The Novolac resin could not only affect the crystal structure, but also acted as effective nucleating agents, accelerating the crystallization of PP in the PP/Novolac blends. And the smaller the Novolac particles were, the more effective were the nucleating agent for PP crystallization. Avrami equation was used to analyze the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PP and PP/Novolac blends. The influences of curing and compatibilizer on the crystallization behavior of PP were rather complicated. The crystallization thermodynamics were estimated using the Hoffman theory. The incorporation of cured Novolac and compatibilizer evidently decreased the chain folding energy of PP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3288–3303, 2006     

Compatibilization of polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) blend with maleated poe/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer: Evaluation of mechanical,thermal, rheological,and morphological characteristics

In this work, the compatibilization effects of hybrid maleated POE/attapulgite hybrid compatibilizer (M-POE/ATP) on the immiscible polypropylene/poly(glycolic acid) (PP/PGA) blends was investigated. The hybrid compatibilizer integrating strengthening, toughening and compatibilization functions was prepared via one-step reactive extrusion using peroxidated ATP as the initiator. Then, the effects of compatibilizer dosage on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological characteristics of blends were evaluated in detail. It was found that the hybrid compatibilizer resulted in the significantly enhanced compatibility and mechanical performance. Increased amount of compatibilizer content fractionated and almost wholly suppressed the crystallization process of PGA. The compatibilized blends showed higher thermal stability than pure PGA, and lower storage modulus and complex viscosity at higher shearing frequency. PGA in the blends presented a much lower degradation rate, which lead to the higher strength retention of 81% for the blend with 4 wt% of compatibilizer in buffer solution after 35 days.     

PP/PMMA/PP-g-MAH共混物的结晶和相形态研究

采用偏光显微镜和相差显微镜详细研究PP/PMMA不相容聚合物共混物体系和PP/PMMA/PP-g-PMMA增容共混体系的结晶和相形态.偏光显微照片的研究结果表明,增容剂PP-g-MAH中PP结晶需要克服更多的能垒,导致PP结晶形态变得不完善,球晶尺寸变小.比较PP/PMMA和PP/PMMA/PP-g-MAH的相差显微照片可以看出,由于增容剂的加入,PP与PMMA相之间的界面变得模糊,两相的相容性变好.随着PP-g-MAH中MAH接枝率的增加,PMMA分散相的尺寸减小且变得均匀;当增容剂的接枝率为2.41%,添加的质量分数为4.71%,PP/PMMA共混体系中PMMA分散相的相?尺寸可达最小.PP-g-MAH作为反应型增容剂,一方面与PP在界面区域产生共晶;另一方面,MAH极性基团与PMMA的极性基团间产生的强的化学键合作用,使得界面区域的PP-g-MAH分子采取有利于降低构象熵的构象来起到增容作用.PP/PMMA共混物在130℃等温结晶的结果显示,PMMA相对PP的结晶形态的影响较小,PP结晶呈现典型的均相成核特征.PP/PMMA共混体系中加入PP-g-MAH,PP结晶尺寸减少.与非等温结晶相比,等温结晶的PP/PMMA共混物中PMMA相区尺寸明显偏大.     

聚丙烯接枝己内酯型增容剂的合成及其共混增容应用

以含悬挂羟基的聚丙烯为引发剂,辛酸亚锡为催化剂催化己内酯开环聚合,成功制备了一系列支链为聚己内酯的功能化接枝聚丙烯,并通过核磁共振、红外光谱、示差扫描量热（DSC）和广角X射线衍射（WAXD）等技术手段对聚合物进行了明确的结构表征。 研究了反应温度和时间对接枝反应的影响,结果表明,最佳反应温度为90 ℃,通过改变接枝时间可以调控己内酯链段的长度。 将成功接枝的功能化聚丙烯用做聚丙烯与尼龙-6共混体系的增容剂,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察的方法考察了该增容剂对共混体系的影响。 SEM 显示增容剂的加入显著地降低了界面张力,减小了分散相的尺寸,增强了界面的粘结性。