The onset of convection in a shallow box occupied by a heterogeneous porous medium with constant flux boundaries

The effects of hydrodynamic and thermal heterogeneity, for the case of variation in both the horizontal and vertical directions, on the onset of convection in a horizontal layer of a saturated porous medium uniformly heated from below, are studied analytically using linear stability theory for the case of weak heterogeneity. Attention is focused on the case of constant flux upper and lower boundaries, a case for which the critical horizontal wavenumber is zero, and attention is also concentrated on the case of a shallow layer. It is found that the effect of such heterogeneity on the critical value of the Rayleigh number Ra based on mean properties is of second order if the properties vary in a piecewise constant or linear fashion. The effects of horizontal heterogeneity and vertical heterogeneity are then comparable once the aspect ratio is taken into account, and to a first approximation are independent. The combination of permeability heterogeneity and conductivity heterogeneity can be either stabilizing or destabilizing for the present case.     

大口径火炮焊接药筒射击变形机理的启发式反演

在某大口径火炮焊接钢药筒退壳后残余变形实际测量现象规律的基础上,运用非线性有限元分析作为物理模型正问题分析工具,对火炮发射过程中影响该药筒行为的关键因素和作用机理进行启发式反演。通过有限元反演计算,揭示了筒体上热冲击引起的瞬态温升是决定药筒残余变形和抽壳阻力的一个关键因素,得到了筒体瞬态温度增量分布规律。在此基础上通过有限元分析获得的药筒抽壳阻力与实际测试结果一致。     

Propagation of waves in a suspension of solid particles

A theory is developed for the propagation of waves in a suspension of elastic or rigid solid particles in a viscous or inviscid compressible fluid, using a homogenization process. We study the case where the characteristic length of the particles is small compared with the wave length. In the case of a viscous fluid, a law similar to Darcy's law for the average velocity of the suspension is established, and in the case of macroscopic homogeneity and isotropy, the propagation of a plane wave displays one dilatational, damped and dispersive wave. In the case of a barotropic inviscid fluid, the average acceleration of the suspension depends, in a linear way, on the mean pressure gradient and in the case of macroscopic homogeneity and isotropy, the propagation of a plane wave displays one dilatational, undamped and non dispersive wave.     

Resonant non-linear waves—III. Elastic continuum with quadratic non-linearity

The paper derives the relevant non-linear integro-differential evolution equation by the method due to Collins expanding on a procedure by Keller. The quadratically non-linear case is not a trivial variation over the cubically non-linear case that was presented in preceding papers. As expected a different scaling and ordering of terms is needed and the first order perturbation solution provides no information on resonance. Nevertheless, although obtained by much longer calculations, the final equation for the present case is of identical form, with differences only in numerical coefficients, with the cubic case that was presented and solved earlier.     

Kovalevskaya弹性杆

应用Kirchhoff比拟讨论Kovalevskaya情况弹性细杆的平衡稳定性问题．导出Kirchhoff方程的解析积分．对于杆截面的主轴与Frenet坐标轴重合的无扭转杆的特殊情形作定性分析，讨论其平衡状态的稳定性与分岔．证明了判断受拉扭作用的圆截面直杆平衡稳定性的Greenhill公式也适用于Kovalevskaya情形的非圆截面杆．     

Steady-state distribution of charged particles in the diffusion approximation

The steady-state distribution of charged particles in a weakly ionized plasma is examined for the case in which volume ionization, recombination, and diffusion in a space-charge field occur. A joint solution is obtained for the equation for charged-particle balance and the Poisson equations for the case of planar and cylindrical plasma configurations satisfying the Schottky condition at the boundaries of the region. A solution is also found for the case in which the ionization is localized in a spherically symmetric volume and in which the Schottky condition is satisfied at infinity. The condition for the existence of a steady-state solution is given and analyzed.     

Brinkman Flow Past a Stretching Sheet

The problem of steady viscous flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat deformable sheet in a porous medium, when the sheet is stretched in its own plane is revisited. An exact solution is recovered for the two-dimensional case and a totally analytic approximate solution is developed for the axisymmetric case. Stretching rate of two-dimensional case is assumed as double the stretching rate of axisymmetric case. The analytical expressions of residual errors, horizontal, vertical velocity distributions, stream lines, vorticity lines, pressure distributions have been obtained and plotted. The values of skin friction, entrainment velocity, boundary layer thickness, momentum thickness and energy thickness have been tabulated. For the first time, two-dimensional and axisymmetric cases are compared by means of a unified scale.     

Dynamics of vortex line in presence of stationary vortex

The motion of a thin vortex with infinitesimally small vorticity in the velocity field created by a steady straight vortex is studied. The motion is governed by non-integrable PDE generalizing the Nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). Situation is essentially different in a co-rotating case, which is analog of the defocusing NLSE and a counter-rotating case, which can be compared with the focusing NLSE. The governing equation has special solutions shaped as rotating helixes. In the counter-rotating case all helixes are unstable, while in the co-rotating case they could be both stable and unstable. Growth of instability of counter-rotating helix ends up with formation of singularity and merging of vortices. The process of merging goes in a self-similar regime. The basic equation has a rich family of solitonic solutions. Analytic calculations are supported by numerical experiment.     

The Effect of Strong Heterogeneity and Strong Throughflow on the Onset of Convection in a Porous Medium: Periodic and Localized Variation

The effect of strong throughflow and strong heterogeneity on the onset of convection induced by a vertical density gradient in a saturated porous medium governed by Darcy’s law is investigated with the aid of a computer package. The general case, where there is heterogeneity in both the vertical and horizontal directions, and where there is heterogeneity in permeability, thermal conductivity, and applied temperature gradient, is considered. Previous work on the case of non-periodic global variation is now extended to the case of either periodic variation or localized variation.     

热弹耦合圆板非线性振动的研究

对温度场中圆板的非线性热弹耦合自由振动问题,由非线性振动方程、协调方程及热传导方程出发,运用伽辽金法求解,得出一个关于时间的非线性常微分方程组.将热弹耦合与非热弹耦合情况进行对比,发现给定初始位移较小时,热弹耦合效应使板的固有频率相对与无热弹耦合情形提高;给定初始位移较大时,热弹耦合效应使固有频率降低.该文还比较了不同热弹耦合参数和边界条件对热弹耦合效应的影响     

Vibration suppression of a time-varying stiffness AMB bearing to multi-parametric excitations via time delay controller

The applications of active magnetic bearings are growing in industry due to its amazing advantages in reducing friction losses. In this research, the vibration of a two-degree-of-freedom rotor, active magnetic bearings system is suppressed via a nonlinear time delay controller at the confirmed worst resonance case. The selected resonance case is the simultaneous primary and sub-harmonic resonance case. The main aim of this paper was to study the effects of the nonlinear, time delay controller on the behavior of the vibrating system. The multiple time scale perturbation technique is applied to obtain an approximate solution to the second-order approximation. The steady-state solution is obtained around the worst resonance case. The stability of the system is studied applying both frequency response equations and phase-plane method. The worst resonance case is confirmed applying numerical technique. The effects of the different parameters on the steady-state response of the vibrating system are investigated. The obtained approximate solution is validated numerically. Some recommendations are given regarding the design of such system. At the end of the work, a comparison is made with the available published work.     

The Effect of Strong Heterogeneity on the Onset of Convection in a Porous Medium: 2D/3D Localization and Spatially Correlated Random Permeability Fields

The effect of strong heterogeneity on the onset of convection induced by a vertical density gradient in a saturated porous medium governed by Darcy’s law is investigated. The general case, where there is heterogeneity in both the vertical and horizontal directions, and where there is heterogeneity in permeability, thermal conductivity, and applied temperature gradient, is considered. A computer package has been developed to implement an algorithm giving a criterion for instability, and this is now employed to investigate the case where there is two-dimensional variation in a horizontal plane and the case where the variation is generated by a log-normal distribution. In the latter case, spatially correlated fields with known stochastic properties are generated, and the results are analyzed in a statistical framework. We now test cases that are representative of natural, field-scale, geologic conditions—both in terms of the correlated structure and the much larger standard deviation of the permeability distribution.     

An analytical solution to the heat transfer problem in thick-walled hunt flow

The flow of a liquid metal in a rectangular duct, subject to a strong transverse magnetic field is of interest in a number of applications. An important application of such flows is in the context of coolants in fusion reactors, where heat is transferred to a lead-lithium eutectic. It is vital, therefore, that the heat transfer mechanisms are understood. Forced convection heat transfer is strongly dependent on the flow profile. In the hydrodynamic case, Nusselt numbers and the like, have long been well characterised in duct geometries. In the case of liquid metals in strong magnetic fields (magnetohydrodynamics), the flow profiles are very different and one can expect a concomitant effect on convective heat transfer. For fully developed laminar flows, the magnetohydrodynamic problem can be characterised in terms of two coupled partial differential equations. The problem of heat transfer for perfectly electrically insulating boundaries (Shercliff case) has been studied previously (Bluck et al., 2015). In this paper, we demonstrate corresponding analytical solutions for the case of conducting hartmann walls of arbitrary thickness. The flow is very different from the Shercliff case, exhibiting jets near the side walls and core flow suppression which have profound effects on heat transfer.     

On the stability of the natural convection flow in a square cavity heated from the side

The stability of the steady laminar natural-convection flow of air (Prandtl number 0.71) and water (Prandtl number 7.0) in a square cavity is calculated by numerically solving the unsteady, two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The cavity has a hot and cold vertical wall and either conducting or adiabatic horizontal walls. The flow looses its stability at a lower Rayleigh number in the case of conducting horizontal walls than in the case of adiabatic horizontal walls. The flow of water is more stable than the flow of air. Directly above the critical Rayleigh number the unsteady flow shows a single-frequency oscillation. Air in the case of adiabatic horizontal walls is an exception and shows two frequencies. The instabilities in the cavity seem to be related to well-known elementary instability mechanisms. In the case of conducting and adiabatic horizontal walls the instability seems to be related to a Rayleigh/Bénard and a Tollmien-Schlichting instability respectively. The second instability for air in the case of adiabatic horizontal walls seems to be related to an instability after a hydraulic jump.     

Moore-Gibson-Thompson theory for thermoelastic dielectrics

We consider the system of equations determining the linear thermoelastic deformations of dielectrics within the recently called Moore-Gibson-Thompson(MGT)theory.First,we obtain the system of equations for such a case.Second,we consider the case of a rigid solid and show the existence and the exponential decay of solutions.Third,we consider the thermoelastic case and obtain the existence and the stability of the solutions.Exponential decay of solutions in the one-dimensional case is also recalled.     

On the use of flow through a contraction in estimating the extensional viscosity of mobile polymer solutions

We consider the use of pressure measurements in contraction flows in the determination of the extensional viscosity behaviour of polymer solutions. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of the recent theory of Binding. The resulting extensional viscosities are compared with those obtained from a commercial Spin Line Rheometer.We conclude that contraction flows provide a convenient means of determining the extensional viscosity of shear-thinning polymer solutions. The case is not so clear for constant viscosity Boger fluids.In the course of the experiments, it is shown that excess pressure losses in the contractions can be brought about by two distinct flow mechanisms in the case of Boger fluids. In the axisymmetric case, both vortex enhancement and excess pressure loss are observed, although there is not a strict one-to-one correlation between these phenomena. In the planar case, vortex enhancement is not conspicuously present, although there is still a substantial excess pressure loss at high flow rates. This excess must be associated with the ‘bulb’ flow field which essentially replaces the vortex-enhancement regime of the axisymmetric case.     

Image force on a straight dislocation emitted from a cylindrical void

The image force exerted by the free surface of a cylindrical circular void on a nearby straight dislocation depends on whether the dislocation has arrived at its location by the emission from the surface of the void, or by the glide from infinity. In the context of elasticity theory, in the first case, the dislocation has been created by imposing the displacement discontinuity along the cut from the free surface of the void to the center of the dislocation, and, in the second case, from the center of the dislocation to infinity. The explicit expressions for the two corresponding image forces are derived and compared. It is shown that the attraction from the free surface of the void is stronger in the first case, particularly for smaller voids. Furthermore, in the case of dislocation emitted from the surface of the void, the interaction energy depends on the cut used to impose the displacement discontinuity, but not in the case of a dislocation approaching the void from infinity. The relevance of the obtained results for the materials science problems is discussed.     

On the stability of a dumbbell molecule in a continuous squeezing flow

As a brief sequel to our previous stability analysis of dumbbell molecule in torsional flow [1] we demonstrate that the motion of a dumbbell molecule in a continuous squeezing flow is also unstable at sufficiently large. Weissenberg number. The cause of instability in the present case, however, is quite different from the previous case. The mechanism responsible for triggering the instability is mainly attributed to the additional elongational flow component over the basic shear flow. The present flow situation is also different from the previous case in that the system is stochasticaly non-stationary, hence no steady-state average quantities can be obtained statistically.     

A discussion about scale invariants for tensor functions

It is found that in some cases the complete and irreducible scale invariants given by Ref.[1] are not independent. There are some implicit functional relations among them. The scale invariants for two different cases are calculated. The first case is an arbitrary second order tensor. The second case includes a symmetric tensor, an antisymmetric tensor and a vector. By using the eigentensor notation it is proved that in the first case there are only six independent scale invariants rather than seven as reported in Ref.[1] and in the second case there are only nine independent scale invariants which are less than that obtained in Ref.[1].     

Strongly oblique interactions between internal solitary waves with the same mode

I.IntroductionZabuskyandKruskal(l965)foundthattwoKdVsolitarywavesofthesamemodekeeptheiroriginalshapesandspeedsafterstronginteractions,andcalledthesewavessolitons.However,solitaryx"avessometimestravelintwodimensionalspace,otherthaninonedimensionalspace.Mil…