铈对超级双相不锈钢凝固组织的影响

研究了Ce对00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢凝固组织的影响,结果表明,随着钢中Ce含量的增加,其凝固组织中等轴晶线性比相应明显增加,Ce含量为0%,0.030%,0.047%,0.062%时,其等轴晶线性比分别为50%,60%,70%,77%。加Ce后钢中夹杂物为以Ce2O3为主、含有SiO2和MnO的复合夹杂,Ce2O3与δ-Fe具有较低的错配度,可作为形核核心提高形核率,增加了等轴晶比率。     

HP295钢中含铈夹杂物形成的实验及热力学研究

采用LaCrO3高温管式炉重熔HP295钢,向钢液中加入不同量的Ce进行脱氧,用SEM及EDS对钢中含Ce夹杂物进行分析,并对Ce-Al-O-S系进行热力学计算。实验结果显示,含Ce夹杂物主要为不规则的Ce2O3和近球形的Ce2O2S,大部分夹杂物尺寸小于5μm。热力学计算表明,含Ce夹杂物的形成主要受钢液中[O],[S]及[Al]S含量的影响,本实验条件下主要形成Ce2O3和Ce2O2S夹杂物;当钢液中Ce与Al的活度比≥0.08时,Al2O3可转变为CeAlO3夹杂物。     

铈在低硫16Mn钢中的物理化学行为

研究了铈在低硫([S]<50ppm)16Mn钢中的物理化学行为,并测定了钢中铈的固溶量。少量铈仍有脱氧、脱硫、控制夹杂形态、细化晶粒等作用。钢中加入铈后生成铈夹杂物的顺序为CeAlO_3、Ce_2O_2S、Ce_2O_3、Ce_XS_Y。当Ce/S=1.90时,钢中MnS夹杂完全被铈夹杂物取代,钢呈现出最佳冲击性能。在Cewt％=0.002～0.0065范围内,用ICP光谱直接测定铈固溶量约为4ppm。     

稀土碳锰纯净钢中夹杂物形成与转化的热力学计算及观察分析

用多相、多组元平衡的热力学计算方法, 对稀土碳锰纯净钢中夹杂物的析出和转化进行了计算. 结果表明, 稀土元素能有效地变质Al2O3夹杂, 在本实验所用材料的成分条件下, Al2O3完全消失的稀土含量为: 1600 ℃时, La>0.009%, Ce>0.01%; 1518 ℃时, La>0.012%, Ce>0.013%, 稀土变质Al2O3的产物主要为RE2O2S. 当La含量大于0.028%, Ce含量大于0.027%后, 体系中将会有RES产生, 但夹杂物仍然以RE2O2S为主. 对试样的扫描电镜观察和分析证实了热力学计算的结果.     

铈对27%Cr超级铁素体不锈钢凝固组织影响机制研究

通过Factsage软件计算、宏观组织观察、扫描电镜分析等手段研究了Ce对27%Cr超级铁素体不锈钢凝固组织的影响。结果表明:未添加Ce钢中的夹杂物主要为Si-O-Mg-Al系夹杂及TiNb(CN)包裹Al_2O_3; Ce含量为0.05%时钢中形成弥散的高熔点Ce_2O_3和Ce_2O_2S,其作为非均质形核质点,使等轴晶比例增加,柱状晶变短变细,平均晶粒尺寸减小,凝固组织得到显著细化; Ce含量为0.07%时钢中的稀土化合物呈团簇状大量聚集。实验结果与Factsage计算预测基本吻合。     

铈对特种防护钢板组织和力学性能的影响

采用向防护钢中添加微量Ce元素的方法,研究不同Ce含量对防护钢组织和性能的影响。借助于金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪和万能拉伸试验机等检测手段,对添加Ce的防护钢的显微组织、夹杂物和力学性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明:防护钢中加入微量Ce可明显改善钢的显微组织,晶粒得到细化;钢液得到净化,钢中的氧硫含量均下降,同时钢中夹杂物得到变性,由原来多边形的Mn S夹杂转变为球状的稀土复合夹杂。钢中Ce含量达到0.084%时,其抗拉强度、屈服强度及延伸率分别比未加Ce的防护钢提高了5.24%,3.41%和43.70%。     

特殊钢中稀土变质夹杂物行为研究

通过加入稀土金属(Ce),研究不同稀土含量对变质夹杂物的影响。发现在洁净度较高的A l脱氧特殊钢中稀土能够使氧化铝、硫化锰夹杂变质并能形成硬度较低的铝酸稀土夹杂物。研究结果表明:当稀土含量Ce15 ppm时,钢中没有稀土夹杂物;当15 ppm≤Ce≤140 ppm时,能够生成稀土铝氧化物和稀土硫氧化物夹杂物;当Ce140 ppm时,夹杂物进一步转变为稀土铝氧化物和稀土氧硫化物的复合夹杂物,并有部分稀土氧硫化物和稀土硫化物,夹杂物的尺寸也随着增大。热力学分析计算表明:在[O],[S]含量较低的前提下,Ce变质A l2O3所需的条件是aCe.aA-l1=0.145,当[A l%]=0.01~0.03时,对应溶解的稀土含量[Ce]=22~67 ppm。     

添加铈对Fe-15Mn-0.6C合金中夹杂物的影响

针对能够将初生γ-奥氏体保留到室温的Fe-15Mn-0.6C合金，采用扫描电镜(SEM)及其配备的能谱仪(EDS)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)系统，对添加Ce的合金中的夹杂物进行形貌观察、成分分析和相鉴定，采用FactSage软件系统的Phase Diagram和Equilib模块对添加Ce的合金中的夹杂物行为进行热力学计算。结果表明，添加含Ce夹杂物的类型和数量影响取决于O, S, Ce的相对含量，在0.0006%O-0.0020%S-0.016%Ce和0.0006%O-0.0051%S-0.025%Ce条件下，合金中主要形成CeS夹杂，在0.0015%O-0.0045%S-0.025%Ce条件下，合金中主要形成Ce₂O₂S和CeS夹杂，夹杂物形状圆整，尺寸多数约1～2μm。热力学计算为添加Ce对Fe-15Mn-0.6C合金中夹杂物的影响提供了理论依据。研究结果能够为进一步搞清添加Ce细化初生γ-奥氏体的异质形核作用提供扎实的研究基础。     

铈及混合稀土对Fe-36Ni低膨胀合金凝固组织的影响

研究了Ce及混合稀土对Fe-36Ni低膨胀合金凝固组织的影响,结果表明:加Ce或者混合稀土处理后,合金中分别形成了大量高熔点的Ce2O3颗粒和(Ce,La)2O2S复合第二相颗粒,错配度理论计算表明,Ce2O3,Ce2O2S和La2O2S的(0001)面与Fe-36Ni的(100)面分别具有6.21%,5.77%和5.42%的较低错配度,因此Ce2O3和(Ce,La)2O2S可以作为有效的非均质形核核心,使凝固组织的等轴晶比例增加,等轴晶尺寸减小,合金凝固组织得到显著细化。     

大气环境中铈氧物组成研究

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(EDS)研究了大气环境中铈氧化物的组成变化. 实验结果表明, 大气环境中铈的氧化物主要由Ce2O3, Ce7O12和CeO2构成, 氧化初期主要是Ce2O3, 随着氧化时间增加, 大部分Ce2O3逐渐转变为Ce7O12, 而在局部微裂纹集中处直接生成CeO2, 随着氧化过程的进行, Ce7O12逐渐转变为CeO2, 240 h后 Ce7O12几乎完全转变为CeO2;扫描电镜结合能谱分析表明Ce7O12主要以连续致密氧化膜存在, 而CeO2则出现大量微裂纹, 这种变化与两者密度上的差异有关.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。