丙烯聚合用TiCl_4/MgCl_2催化剂的研究——聚合温度和烷基铝的影响

研究了不同助催化剂和不同聚合温度对催化剂TiCl4/MgCl2/9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)芴(BMMF)丙烯聚合性能的影响.研究结果发现该催化剂在高温(100℃)聚合时,采用还原能力和络合能力较弱的烷基铝(Hex3Al)为助催化剂可以得到高的立构选择性(97%)和高活性.100℃聚合时不同的助催化剂对催化剂得到的聚丙烯结构有重要影响.助催化剂为Me3Al聚合得到的中等等规聚丙烯含量比其他烷基铝高.助催化剂为Et3Al聚合得到聚丙烯链结构中含有少量乙烯共聚单元;而助催化剂为Me3Al,iBu3Al和Hex3Al聚合得到聚丙烯链结构中没有发现共聚单元.     

聚丙烯催化剂的聚合机理研究进展

评述了自二十世纪五十年代至今近五十多年聚丙烯催化剂的几个重要发展阶段,着重介绍两类(单活性中心与多活性中心)三种聚丙烯催化剂,即Ziegler-Natta催化剂、茂金属催化剂和后过渡铁金属催化剂催化丙烯聚合的机理。     

新型非对称二醚给电子体丙烯聚合催化剂研究

1,3－丙二醚类化合物为给电子体合成的新一类复相Ziegler－Natta催化剂（Z-N催化剂）,其用于丙烯聚合时,在无需外加给电子体的情况下,可得到高活性的催化剂和高等规度的聚丙烯,催化剂的活性是以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内给电子体合成的Z-N催化剂的2～3倍,且得到聚丙烯的等规度大于95％[1-4]．由于1,3－丙二醚类化合物与载体的配位作用较强,不易与AlR3反应,因此在丙烯聚合时无需外给电子体,并能降低反应体系的复杂性,有利于研究活性中心结构和聚合机理［5-7]．以往研究均采用对称结构的 1,3－丙二醚类化合物作内给电子体［2-7],其结构如 Scheme 1 所示．本文采用一种新的     

用于丙烯聚合的MgCl2负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂研究进展

综述了用于丙烯聚合的MgCl2负载Ziegler-Natta催化剂研究进展,包括内给电子体的发展及其作用研究,催化剂活性中心的模型,用MgCl2负载的Z-N催化剂制备抗冲聚丙烯合金.     

络合型催化剂丙烯聚合动力学研究

本工作对络合型(Solvay型)TiCl_3催化剂—(C_2H_5)_2AlCl体系丙烯聚合进行了活性中心浓度C_p、链增长速率常数k_p和链增长活化能E_p等的测定,并与常规TiCl_3·0.33AlCl_3进行了比较,C_p以动力学方法求取,数均分子量以粘度法测定经分子量分布校正,结果表明,络合型催化剂活性比常规催化剂高,不仅是由于C_p增高,在更大程度上是由于k_p提高。     

烯烃可控聚合及其大分子工程

聚烯烃材料如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、乙丙橡胶或丁基橡胶等,在国民经济和日常生活中发挥着重要作用.通过可控聚合反应可以实现制备高性能烯烃聚合物材料及不同微观结构、序列结构及拓扑结构的烯烃基高分子材料.本文综述了近年来通过乙烯/丙烯配位共聚制备乙丙共聚物及通过异丁烯正离子聚合制备聚异丁烯和丁基橡胶领域的研究进展,总结了在齐格勒-纳塔催化剂、茂金属催化剂及非茂单活性中心钒催化剂催化乙烯/丙烯共聚方面的进展,论述了异丁烯单体可控/活性正离子聚合新引发体系、可控/活性聚合反应调控、聚合新方法与新工艺,归纳了基于烯烃可控聚合的大分子工程.     

External Electron Donor Technology in the Preparation of Polypropylene

从外给电子体在聚丙烯制备中的作用出发,从外给电子体种类、外给电子体对活性中心的影响和外给电子体的作用机理等方面,综述了丙烯聚合催化体系中外给电子体技术的研究进展,重点介绍了外给电子体的位阻效应和电子效应对丙烯聚合催化体系的影响,指出了性能优异的外给电子体应具备的结构特征,即带有大位阻烃类取代基和小位阻烷氧基取代基的硅烷类化合物,介绍了复合外给电子体技术和丙烯共聚中外给电子体的作用,并对聚丙烯制备中外给电子体技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

钼体系催化丁二烯聚合动力学——聚合速度及有关动力学参数的测定

本文研究了MoCl_4OC_8H_(17)-(i-Bu)_2AlO-体系催化丁二烯聚合动力学,考察了影响聚合速度的各种因素,测定了催化剂利用率,活性中心浓度和平均寿命等动力学参数。聚合速度对单体浓度和主催化剂浓度均呈一级关系,表现活化能为17.1千卡/摩尔,催化剂利用率约为4％;活性中心平均寿命与温度和活化能的函数关系可表示为 ?=e~(E_a/RT?/Z_p[Bd]     

非茂钯催化剂催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合的研究

本文探索了乙烯/丙烯/极性单体三元共聚物的合成方法.乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚物由于分子中引入了ω-Cl-α-乙烯基极性单体,改变了乙烯丙烯共聚物的化学惰性.我们采用催化剂Cat.L-Pd配位催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合,合成了极性三元无规共聚物.探讨了催化剂结构、聚合条件对三元共聚合行为的影响,并优化了聚合条件.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振碳谱(氢谱)(~(13)C(~1H)NMR)、示差扫描量热(DSC)和高温凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等方法研究了共聚物的结构与性能.FTIR与~(13)C(~1H)NMR结果表明,催化剂Cat.L-Pd能够有效催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合,共聚物中ω-氯代极性单体的插入量达3.6 mol%.极性单体不发生均聚合反应,但能够有效参与乙烯和丙烯的共聚合反应,形成三元无规共聚物.丙烯能够发生均聚合反应,但是不能形成聚丙烯长链段,主要发生乙烯与丙烯共聚合反应.乙烯最易发生聚合反应,并能够形成较长链段的聚乙烯.共聚物的Mw高于2×10~5g/mol.分子量分布在1.6～3.0,说明该类催化剂催化乙烯/丙烯/ω-Cl-α-乙烯基单体三元共聚合行为遵循单中心聚合机理.     

异相Ziegler-Natta催化剂的活性中心多分散性(Ⅱ)——4种活性中心的聚合动力学参数

测定了络合Ⅱ型TiCl₃-Al(C₂H₅)₃催化1-辛烯聚合中不同时间的产物分子量分布,用4个Schulz-Flory“最可几”分布函数叠加,较好地拟合了实测分布,从而确定此体系有4种活性中心。从拟合及动力学测定结果确定了4种活性中心的聚合速率、浓度及链增长速率常数、链转移速率常数等,讨论了各活性中心的结构及聚合机理。     

可溶性稀土聚乙炔的合成及其聚合机理的研究

研究了各种催化体系、催化剂浓度及聚合条件对催化效率(f)和聚乙炔分子量()的影响。发现Nd(i-OC_3H_7)-AlR_3(R=C_2H_5,i-C_4H_9)催化体系可获得较大的可溶分数(q)。催化剂浓度、Al/Nd克分子比和聚合温度对f、及q均有一定影响。可溶性Nd(i-OC_3H_7)_3-AlR_3催化体系的UV光谱证实、Nd的价态与AlR_3混合与AlR_3混合后保持不变。PA的IR光谱示出,Nd(i-OC_3H_7)_3-Al(C_2H_5)_3及Nd(i-OC_3H_7)_3-Al(i-C_4H_9)_3体系获得的聚合物分别含有CH_3CH_2—和(CH_3)_2CHCH_2—末端基。上述结果表明,乙炔的聚合可能是通过单体在Nd-C键之间的插入进行的。     

SYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED POLYETHYLENE USING (α-DIIMINE)NICKEL(Ⅱ) -TiCl4 COMBINED AND SUPPORTED CATALYST

(a-Diimine)nickel(Ⅱ) {[C6H5 - N = C(CH3) - C(CH3) = N - C6H5]NiBr2}-TiCl4 abbreviated as NiL-TiCl4combined catalyst which is supported on MgCl2-SiO2 carrier has been prepared, by using alkyl aluminum (AlR3) as the cocatalyst in place of methylaluminoxane (MAO) to catalyze ethylene oligomerization and copolymerization in situ. The influences of procedure for supporting NiL-TiCl4, the molar ratio of NiL to TiCl4, cocatalyst type and polymerization temperature on the catalytic performance were studied. The degree of branching and the composition of the branched chain of polymers produced have been investigated by IR and 13C-NMR spectra. The results show that the combined catalyst can synthesize the branched polyethylene with various banched chains .The polymerization reaction was monitored by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that this catalyst promotes the oligomerization and copolymerization in situ for ethylene.     

SYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED POLYETHYLENE USING (α-DIIMINE)NICKEL(Ⅱ)TiCl4 COMBINED AND SUPPORTED CATALYST*

(α-Diimine)nickel(Ⅱ) {[C6H5 -N = C(CH3)-C(CH3) = N -C6H5]NiBr2}-TiCl4 abbreviated as NiL-TiCl4 combined catalyst which is supported on MgCl2-SiO2 carrier has been prepared, by using alkyl aluminum (AIR3) as the cocatalyst in place of methylaluminoxane (MAO) to catalyze ethylene oligomerization and copolymerization in situ. The influences of procedure for supporting NiL-TiCI4, the molar ratio of NiL to TiCI4, cocatalyst type and polymerization temperature on the catalytic performance were studied. The degree of branching and the composition of the branched chain of polymers produced have been investigated by IR and ^13C-NMR spectra. The results show that the combined catalyst can synthesize the branched polyethylene with various banched chains .The polymerization reaction was monitored by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that this catalyst promotes the oligomerization and copolymerization in situ for ethylene.     

Oligomerization and regioselective hydrosilylation of styrenes catalyzed by cationic allyl nickel complexes bearing allylphosphine ligands

The complexes [Ni(eta(3)-CH(2)CHCH(2))Br(kappa(1)P-PR(2)CH(2)CH=CH(2))] (R = Ph 1, (i)Pr2 ) and [Ni(eta(3)-CH(2)C(R')CH(2))(kappa(1)P-PR(2)CH(2)CH=CH(2))(2)][BAr'(4)] (R' = H, R = Ph 4a, R = (i)Pr 4b; R' = CH(3), R = Ph 5a, R = (i)Pr 5b; Ar' = 3,5-C(6)H(3)(CF(3))(2)) have been prepared and characterized. The X-ray crystal structures of 1, 2 and 5b have been determined. 4a-b and 5a-b are catalyst precursors for the oligomerization of RC(6)H(4)CH=CH(2) to oligostyrene (R = H) or oligo(4-methylstyrene) (R = CH(3)) respectively, without the need of a co-catalyst such as methylalumoxane. The catalytic activities range from moderate to high. The oligomerization reactions are carried out in the temperature interval 25-40 degrees C in 1,2-dichloroethane, using an olefin/catalyst ratio equal to 200, yielding oligostyrenes with a high isotactic fraction content P(m), with M(n) in the range 700-1900 Dalton, and polydispersities between 1.22 and 1.64. The cationic complexes 4a-b and 5a-b are also effective catalyst precursors for the hydrosilylation reactions of styrene or 4-methylstyrene with PhSiH(3) in 1,2-dichloroethane at 40 degrees C using an olefin/catalyst ratio equal to 100, leading selectively to RC(6)H(4)CH(SiH(2)Ph)CH(3) (R = H, CH(3)) in 50-79% yield.     

SUPPORTED CATALYST WITHOUT EXTERNAL ELECTRON DONOR FOR PROPYLENE POLYMERIZATION Ⅱ. TACTICITY DISTRIBUTION AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF POLYPROPYLENE*

Propylene was polymerized with a novel supported Ziegler-Natta catalystcontaining 2,2-di-iso-butyl-1,3-dimethoxy-propane (DIBDMP) as internal donor and in theabsence of external donor. The tacticity distribution of polypropylene was obtained by usingtemperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) technique and microstructure of fractionswas studied with ~(13)C-NMR. Compared with the catalyst without electron donor, this cat-alyst gives a considerably narrower tacticity distribution. Fractionation data demonstratethat DIBDMP shows better performance than aromatic diester DNBP (di-n-butyl phtha-late). Chemically inverted propylene units and less stereoblockiness are found in the firstfraction. Possible reasons for these were presented.     

Schiff碱镧配合物的合成及其催化烷基异氰酸酯聚合

通过氯化镧与Schiff碱钠盐(NaSalen)的交换反应制备了4种镧的Schiff碱配合物La(HSalen1-4)3,对其中以3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛缩苯胺为配体的配合物La(HSalen2)3进行了X-射线单晶衍射分析,测定其单晶结构为五角双锥构型,七配位的镧金属中心与氮和氧原子相连.将所得的La(HSalen)3...     

Lacunary Keggin Polyoxotungstate as Reaction-controlled Phase-transfer Catalyst for Catalytic Epoxidation of Olefins

A new reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst system, lacunary Keggin polyoxotungstate [C7H7N(CH3)3]9PW9O34 has been synthesized and used for catalytic epoxidation of olefins with H2O2 as the oxidant. Infrared spectra were used to analyze the behavior of the phase transfer of catalyst. In this system, the catalyst not only can act as homogeneous catalyst but also as heterogeneous catalyst to be easily filtered and reused. The epoxidarion reaction is clean and exhibits high conversion and selectivity as well as excellent catalyst stability.     

A fully integrated high-throughput screening methodology for the discovery of new polyolefin catalysts: discovery of a new class of high temperature single-site group (IV) copolymerization catalysts

For the first time, new catalysts for olefin polymerization have been discovered through the application of fully integrated high-throughput primary and secondary screening techniques supported by rapid polymer characterization methods. Microscale 1-octene primary screening polymerization experiments combining arrays of ligands with reactive metal complexes M(CH(2)Ph)(4) (M = Zr, Hf) and multiple activation conditions represent a new high-throughput technique for discovering novel group (IV) polymerization catalysts. The primary screening methods described here have been validated using a commercially relevant polyolefin catalyst, and implemented rapidly to discover the new amide-ether based hafnium catalyst [eta(2)-(N,O)[bond](2-MeO[bond]C(6)H(4))(2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2))N]Hf(CH(2)Ph)(3) (1), which is capable of polymerizing 1-octene to high conversion. The molecular structure of 1 has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Larger scale secondary screening experiments performed on a focused 96-member amine-ether library demonstrated the versatile high temperature ethylene-1-octene copolymerization capabilities of this catalyst class, and led to significant performance improvements over the initial primary screening discovery. Conventional one gallon batch reactor copolymerizations performed using selected amide-ether hafnium compounds confirmed the performance features of this new catalyst class, serving to fully validate the experimental results from the high-throughput approaches described herein.     

用钛系载体催化剂进行1-丁烯聚合的研究

研制不同组分的载体钛系高效催化剂,考察在不同聚合条件及外加芳酯的情况下对1-丁烯聚合的影响。用催化剂TiCl_4,Ti(OBu)_4/φ_2SiCI_2/苯甲酸乙酯(EB)/MSCl_2/AlEt_3进行1-丁烯聚合具有高的催化活性(3.2×10~4g·PB/g·Ti·h),外加对-甲基苯甲酸乙酯时可提高聚合物等规度(Ⅰ.Ⅰ％=93.3),分子量可用H_2调节。衰减聚合反应的动力学方程为R_1=R_5+(R_0-R_5)e~(βt)。用DSC、WAXD和~(13)C-NMR等方法表征聚合物。     

聚合物载体-稀土金属络合物的研究Ⅱ.在聚合物载体-钕络合物催化体系下丁二烯的定向聚合

本文介绍了由苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物载体-钕络合物组成的新型丁二烯定向聚合催化体系SAAC·Nd-Al(C_2H_5)_2Cl-Al(i-C_4H_9)_3,研究了该体系的组分、组分比对体系活性的影响,考察了不同烷基铝、聚合物载体-钕络合物的表征参数与催化活性的关系。该体系有良好的活性和定向效应。聚丁二烯的顺式-1,4结构含量高达98％。