稀土氧化物对聚丙烯等温结晶动力学的影响

本文用差示扫描量热法测定了3种稀土氧化物对聚丙烯等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明,Avrami方程指数n、成核机理、晶体生长方式以及结晶晶型基本上不受稀土氧化物的影响。少量稀土氧化物可使结晶晶格垂直于分子链方向单位面积的界面自由能降低,结晶速率加大,其中Y_2O_3的效果最为显著,La_2O_3效果最低,混合稀土的作用效果与Y_2O_3相似。填加1wt%的Y_2O_3可使聚丙烯的结晶速度常数增大一个数量级。     

稀土氧化物对聚丙烯晶型和动态力学性能的影响

本文用DSC和粘弹谱仪研究了La_2O_3,Y_2O_3和混合稀土氧化物对全同聚丙烯(iPP)的结晶行为,熔融行为和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明不同的iPP/稀土氧化物复合材料中iPP的晶型不同,Y_2O_3和稀土氧化物是iPP的α和β晶成核剂,La_2O_3是α晶成核剂。含有β晶试样同只有α晶试样相比,在T_g真松弛区其tanδ值较低,贮能模量E从-50℃～+50℃较高,从+50℃～+145℃则E值较低。     

稀土发光聚己内酰胺的结晶行为研究

以原位复合方法合成的稀土发光聚己内酰胺（PA6）为研究对象,用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了其结晶行为.结果表明：在聚合过程中,稀土荧光粉具有促进γ晶型生成的作用,同时影响结晶度和结晶动力学.采用修正Avrami方程的Jeziorny法处理非等温结晶动力学,结果表明,荧光粉含量大于5%时,荧光粉对PA6有加速结晶作用.     

稀土氧化物对堆焊金属抗开裂性能的影响

采用金相和电镜等手段对堆焊裂纹形貌进行了观察,并研究了稀土氧化物对堆焊金属抗开裂性能及塑、韧性的影响。结果表明,堆焊金属中的开裂形式为结晶裂纹和淬硬裂纹,加入稀土氧化物能提高堆焊金属的抗开裂性能。     

稀土处理钢用中间包覆盖剂岩相分析

分析了现场覆盖剂和实验室自配覆盖剂岩相结构，探讨了稀土氧化物在覆盖剂中的赋存状态。结果表明：在本实验条件下的覆盖剂，原渣矿物组成主要是黄长石，另有少量镁橄榄石和含铁的硅酸盐；稀土氧化物在覆盖剂中主要以稀土硅酸盐形式存在；当稀土氧化物含量增加到一定数量时，覆盖剂开始出现固态未溶的稀土氧化物，说明其在覆盖剂中有一定的溶解度；稀土氧化物在覆盖剂中可以部分代替CaO，形成稀土硅酸盐，其形成物种类随覆盖剂碱度降低有增加的趋势。     

稀土基氧化物忆阻器的研究进展

忆阻器是一种将电荷和磁通量关联起来的电路学基本元器件，在量纲上它与电阻相同，表现为随电压电流变换的非线性电阻变换行为。作为一种新型的非易失性存储器件，忆阻器具有结构简单、存储密度高和能够模拟生物神经突触等特性。因其独特的“记忆特性”，在阻变存储器、人工神经网络和非线性运算电路设计等领域被广泛的研究。其中，稀土基氧化物忆阻器因其更加稳定的性能和多元的应用前景，成为忆阻器研究关注的热门材料。但目前对于稀土氧化物材料，尤其对重稀土元素并没有较为全面的总结和归纳。因此，文章从忆阻器的结构、组成和电阻转换机理进行了论述。以元素为分类标准，系统地梳理从Y元素到Lu元素，国内外每种稀土氧化物以及稀土掺杂氧化物忆阻器在阻变存储器，人工神经网络等方面应用的重点工作。最后，对目前稀土基忆阻器研究遇到的问题和挑战进行了分析，总结了稀土基氧化物忆阻器优缺点，提出了目前可行的方法，并展望了发展趋势和应用潜力。     

稀土氧化物超微粉的催化酯化行为

制备了5种稀土氧化物超微粉并考察了它们的催化酯化的活性,发现超微粉的催化活性均高于普通稀土氧化物,Y_2O_3超微粉催化酯化产物的酸值接近0.1,有应用前景。     

稀土氧化物对甲烷蒸汽转化反应NiO／α—Al2O3催化剂的影响

用微型反应器和XRD等技术研究了稀土氧化物(RE_xO_y)对甲烷水蒸汽转化反应NiO/α-Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,制备方法(如浸渍顺序)和稀土氧化物的种类均影响催化剂组份镍的分散度。稀土氧化物是通过抑制镍的晶粒长大、金属镍的氧化以及NiO-Al_2O_3间的相互作用,改善了催化剂的活性、稳定性和抗高温水蒸汽作用的能力。稀土氧化物对镍系催化剂的稳定效应与金属和添加剂间的相互作用有关。     

稀土氧化物对连铸保护渣粘度的影响

通过实验室自配渣研究了稀土氧化物对保护渣粘度的影响。研究表明，稀土氧化物提高了保护渣粘度，特别是当其含量大于10％后最为明显；稀土氧化物导致保护渣粘度升高的原因是生成的高熔点物相随温度降低析出；稀土氧化物在保护渣中具有一定溶解度，当稀土氧化物在保护渣中出现过饱和时，未溶解的固态质点使保护渣粘度随之升高；Li2O，B2O3和BaO可以降低液态保护渣粘度，同时可以提高保护渣溶解吸收稀土氧化物的能力，但是其加入量应控制在合理的范围之内。稀土氧化物可以显著提高保护渣凝固温度，这对铸坯．结晶器之间的传热和润滑非常不利。     

稀土氧化物对中高碳钢堆焊金属中夹杂物变质作用的热力学分析

采用热力学方法,研究了稀土氧化物对中高碳钢堆焊金属中夹杂物的变质作用。夹杂物生成的热力学分析表明,在堆焊熔池中,稀土氧化物可以被碳还原成稀土元素,稀土元素可以与氧、硫生成稀土氧化物、稀土硫化物和稀土硫氧化物,从而达到脱氧、脱硫、净化堆焊熔池的作用;稀土氧化物还可以直接与硫作用,生成稀土硫氧化物,起到脱硫的效果。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。