氧化铈稳定的CuO簇在CO,C_3H_6和NO消除中的催化性能(英文)

研究了CuO与γ-Al2O3和CeO2的相互作用,并由此制备出能有效脱除CO,C3H6和NO的催化剂,考察了不同载体表面CuO簇的分散稳定性和耐老化性能.结果发现,随CuO负载量的增加,CuO簇因与CeO2载体的强相互作用而稳定存在;而在γ-Al2O3表面,CuO簇易聚集成较大的颗粒.另一方面,由于CeO2本身较差的热稳定性,表面分散的CuO在950oC高温处理后烧结.因此,基于γ-Al2O3载体优越的耐老化性能,在γ-Al2O3载体分散CeO2,然后再担载CuO,从而得到了稳定的CuO簇,所得催化剂比CuO/γ-A12O3和CuO/CeO2具有更好的催化性能和抗热老化性能.     

Cu-Fe-PILC催化C3H6选择性还原NO的性能

采用羟基铁离子柱撑Na-Mont制备出1.0Fe-PILC,通过超声浸渍法合成不同铜负载量的nCu-Fe-PILC,并测试了其在富氧条件下催化C_3H_6选择性催化还原NO的性能。通过N_2吸附脱附、XRD、UV-Vis、H_2-TPR、Py-FTIR等技术手段表征催化剂的微观结构和物化性质,进一步解释其催化反应机理。结果表明,Cu的引入提高了1.0Fe-PILC的中低温活性和抗水硫能力。其中9Cu-Fe-PILC在300℃时NO转化率可达69.8%以上,400℃后NO转化率保持在99%以上且水硫影响较小。XRD、N_2吸附脱附结果表明,催化剂的SCR活性与所负载的活性组分和催化剂的吸附能力有关。UV-Vis结果表明,9Cu-Fe-PILC具有较强的中低温活性,与其含有较多的游离态Cu~(2+)有关。H_2-TPR结果表明,与1.0Fe-PILC相比,经Cu修饰的nCu-Fe-PILC获得了中低温还原能力。Py-FTIR结果表明,nCu-Fe-PILC表面同时含有Lewis酸和Br?nsted酸,Lewis酸是影响催化剂SCR活性的主要因素。     

一步水热合成Cu-SSZ-13分子筛选择性催化C3H6还原NO

采用铜胺配合物(Cu²⁺-四乙烯五胺,Cu-TEPA)作为结构导向剂,通过一步水热法合成不同铜铝比(n_Cu/n_Al)和硅铝比(n_Si/n_Al)的Cu-SSZ-13分子筛催化剂,研究其在贫燃条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO(C₃H₆-SCR)的性能。当n_Cu/n_Al=2、n_Si/n_Al=6时2.0Cu-SSZ-13(6)催化剂具有最好的低温脱硝活性,200℃时NO转化率超过80%,在250~300℃可实现100%脱硝效率和~100%N₂选择性,同时具有较强的抗水、抗硫性能。为研究不同n_Cu/n_Al和n_Si/n_Al对催化剂物理化学特性的影响,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附测试、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,2.0Cu-SSZ-13(6)具有最佳的脱硝性能,这是因为其具有最大的比表面积、最强的表面酸性和分布最多的孤立态Cu²⁺离子。Cu-SSZ-13上丰富的酸性位可以有效促进C₃H₆和NO的吸附和活化,SSZ-13分子筛八元环中孤立的Cu²⁺离子具有良好的氧化还原性能,是C₃H₆-SCR反应的主要活性位。随着n_Cu/n_Al的增加,孤立的Cu²⁺离子会在分子筛表面迁移、集聚形成CuO物种,从而导致C₃H₆-SCR活性下降。     

Co/Fe/Al2O3/cordierite催化C3H6选择性还原NO的实验研究

采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了负载于蜂窝陶瓷上的Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂,在陶瓷管流动反应器上对其催化C₃H₆选择性还原NO的性能进行了测试。结果表明,该催化剂表现出最优脱硝性能,在模拟烟气条件下,当反应温度为550 ℃时可实现97%的脱硝效率。Co的引入可显著增强Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化剂抗SO₂和H₂O的能力。在模拟烟气中同时引入0.02% SO₂和3% H₂O后,1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite的脱硝性能受影响甚微,当反应温度高于500 ℃时1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite催化C₃H₆还原NO的效率均可达到90%以上;相比之下,未经Co修饰的催化剂Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite脱硝性能受到了严重的抑制,在整个反应温度区间（200-700 ℃）内,其催化C₃H₆还原NO的效率最高不足50%。XRD和SEM表征结果表明,经过适量的Co修饰后的1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite表面变得更疏松,且形成了以钴铁和钴铝双金属氧化物为主要成分的球状晶粒。H₂-TPR结果表明,相比于Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite,1.5Co/Fe/Al₂O₃/cordierite有更好的低温还原性能。Py-FTIR结果表明,Co的引入可使催化剂表面的Lewis酸明显增加,且生成了Brønsted酸。N₂吸附-脱附表征结果表明,Co可增大催化剂的比表面积。     

B3N3H6…CO复合物中弱相互作用竞争的理论研究

本文在MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ水平下对一氧化碳(CO)和环硼氮烷(B₃N₃H₆)之间的弱相互作用进行理论研究,得到6种稳定的B₃N₃H₆…CO复合物结构。B₃N₃H₆…CO复合物中存在N—H…C/O氢键以及π…π、lp…π相互作用,其中含N—H…C氢键复合物的相互作用能(ΔE)最大,为-1.42 kcal·mol^-1。系统的理论计算结果表明π…π相互作用和N—H…C/O氢键可以成功地与lp…π相互作用竞争。取代基效应结果显示,B₃N₃X₃H₃(X=-NH₂)…CO、B₃N₃H₆…CO、B₃N₃X₃H₃(X...     

Au/CeO2/SiO2催化CO低温氧化反应过程中CeO2的作用（英文）

采用具有分等级孔道结构的SiO2(HMS)为载体,通过润湿浸渍引入少量CeO2,经焙烧得到CeO2/HMS复合载体,然后采用沉积沉淀法负载上Au纳米粒子,得到Au/CeO2/HMS三元复合催化剂.通过X射线衍射、程序升温还原和原位红外光谱等手段表征了催化剂的结构.结果表明,CeO2的存在可控制Au颗粒的沉积并稳定载体上的纳米Au颗粒.Au/CeO2/HMS上CO低温氧化反应完全转化温度为60oC.高度分散的Au0可以活化CO,CeO2颗粒则可以提供反应需要的氧.稳定性测试结果显示,反应48h催化剂活性维持不变.     

Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化氧化C3H6和CO性能

采用共沉淀法合成了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的不同质量比的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并以此为载体通过等体积浸渍法制备了1.5% Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃（w/w）催化剂。以C₃H₆和CO为反应物的催化性能评价显示,在系列催化剂中以Pt/Zr（0.4）-Al催化剂催化氧化活性最为优异,其C₃H₆和CO的起燃温度（T₅₀）小于125℃,完全转化温度（T₉₀）小于150℃。采用XRD、低温N₂吸附、H₂-TPR、CO脉冲吸附等分析表征技术探索了催化剂物相结构、比表面积、颗粒尺寸等对催化活性的影响规律。结果发现,ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物具有Al₂O₃材料的介孔织构和大比表面积特性,且产生了Al_xZr_1-xO_y固溶体新物相。适当的ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比,是改善Pt与ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的相互作用强度,促进贵金属Pt的分散,提升Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂的低温氧化活性的关键。     

Pt/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂催化氧化C3H6和CO性能

采用共沉淀法合成了ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的不同质量比的ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并以此为载体通过等体积浸渍法制备了1.5% Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃（w/w）催化剂。以C₃H₆和CO为反应物的催化性能评价显示,在系列催化剂中以Pt/Zr（0.4）-Al₂O₃催化剂催化氧化活性最为优异,其C₃H₆和CO的起燃温度（T₅₀）小于125℃,完全转化温度（T₉₀）小于150℃。采用XRD、低温N₂吸附、H2-TPR、CO脉冲吸附等分析表征技术探索了催化剂物相结构、比表面积、颗粒尺寸等对催化活性的影响规律。结果发现,ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物具有Al₂O₃材料的介孔织构和大比表面积特性,且产生了Al_xZr_1-xO_y固溶体新物相。适当的ZrO₂与Al₂O₃的质量比,是改善Pt与ZrO₂-Al₂O₃的相互作用强度,促进贵金属Pt的分散,提升Pt/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂的低温氧化活性的关键。     

金属配位聚合物[Mn2（C8H3NO6）2(C12H8N2)2]n的合成及其催化氧化性能

以5-硝基间苯二甲酸,1,10-邻菲啰啉,硫酸锰(MnSO4.H2O)为原料合成了一种结构新颖的金属配位聚合物——[Mn2(C8H3NO6)2(C12H8N2)2]n(1),其结构经IR,XRD,TG-DTG和元素分析表征。X-射线单晶衍射测试结果表明,1属三斜晶系,空间群Pī,晶胞参数a=10.060 2(1),b=14.343 5(2),c=14.663 7(2),α=104.052(1)°,β=102.633(1)°,γ=110.460(1)°,Mr=888.52,V=1 812.69(4)3,Z=2,Dc=1.628 g.cm-3,F(000)=900。以30%H2O2为氧化剂,初步研究了1在苯乙烯氧化反应中的催化氧化性能。     

Fe柱撑海泡石负载Cu催化剂：结构特点及其C3H6选择性催化还原NO催化性质

通过羟基铁离子柱撑将海泡石(Sep)改性成Fe柱撑海泡石(Fe-PILSEP),使用浸渍法(IM)将Cu负载在Fe-PILSEP上,制得不同铜含量的xCu/Fe-PILSEP催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、N2-吸附/脱附、H2-程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对样品进行表征,并测定其对丙烯选择性催化还原NO的催化活性。N2-吸附/脱附和TGA结果表明,Fe-PILSEP的比表面积和孔体积较海泡石原矿Sep极大地增加,热稳定性也明显优于Sep。XRD和XPS结果表明,在xCu/Fe-PILSEP催化剂上同时存在Fe3+/Fe2+和Cu2+/Cu+不同氧化态的氧化物,而且Fe与海泡石之间存在相互作用,Fe和Cu之间存在电子迁移。H2-TPR结果表明,xCu/Fe-PILSEP催化剂上存在不同聚集状态的氧化铜物种。xCu/Fe-PILSEP催化剂的丙烯选择性催化还原NO的催化活性明显优于Fe-PILSEP催化剂,这可能与Fe和Cu的氧化还原性有关。xCu/Fe-PILSEP的催化活性与Cu负载量相关,其中10Cu/Fe-PILSEP催化剂显示出最高的活性,这与其高的比表面积、孔体积和氧化还原性能,及其具有更多有利于HC-SCR反应的孤立Cu2+((Cu2+)i)物种有关。     

REDUCTION OF NO BY CO OVER NiWO4, NiO, AND WO3 CATALYSTS

We present a comparative study of NiWO₄, NiO, and WO₃ catalysts for simultaneous conversion of NO and CO. Samples were synthesized by reacting ammonium metatungstate and/or nickel nitrate at high temperature (773 K to 903 K) under an oxygen stream. Catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, surface area measurements, energy dispersive spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The catalytic reduction of NO by CO took place in the temperature range (523 to 973) K under highly reductive conditions (NO:CO= 1:5) over NiWO₄NiO, and WO₃, respectively. The 100 % NO conversion at GHSV of 11460 h^-1 was achieved at 773 K over NiWO₄ and at 848 K over NiO. The WO₃ was deactivated at 898 K. However, in the range (523 to 723) K NiO was more active than NiWO₄ and WO₃ catalysts.     

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with Propene over Au/Fe2O3/Al2O3 Catalysts

A series of Au/Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by the homogeneous deposition-precipitation method. The catalytic activity of the catalyst samples for selective catalytic reduction of NO by propene under oxygen-rich atmosphere was evaluated. The results showed that 2%Au/10%Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ exhibited good low-temperature activity. The maximum of NO conversion reached 43% at 300 °C, while it was only 21% over the 2%Au/Al₂O₃ catalyst at the same temperature. The addition of 2% steam to the feed gas had little effect on the catalytic activity. X-ray diffraction results indicated that both Au and Fe₂O₃ particles were highly dispersed over Al₂O₃. H₂-temperature-programmed reduction results indicated that there was strong interaction between Au and Fe₂O₃, which made the reduction of Fe₂O₃ easy. The synergistic effect between Au and Fe₂O₃ was probably responsible for the good catalytic performance of the Au/Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst at low temperature.     

钾对氧化铜催化活性炭还原No反应的助催化作用

研究了活性炭负载的Cu-K-O复合氧化物催化剂上碳还原NO的反应.结果表明,K的加入可有效地提高CuO催化剂的活性和稳定性,当Cu/K的质量比为2时催化性能最佳.X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温脱附-质谱等结果表明,K与Cu间的协同作用可促进表面碳活化中心与表面氧物种生成CO2的反应,保持表面Cu2+活性中心的数...     

富氧条件下Ag/Al2O3和Cu/Al2O3组合催化剂催化C3H6选择性还原Nox的性能

 在全自动催化剂活性评价装置上,考察了富氧条件下Ag/Al2O3和Cu/Al2O3两种催化剂上催化丙烯还原NOx的活性. 在实验温度范围(200～650 ℃)内,Ag/Al2O3具有 优异的催化丙烯选择性还原NOx的活性,但同时有大量副产物CO形成. Cu/Al2O3选择性催化丙烯还原NOx的活性不高,却能有效促进CO的氧化. 在无水条件,Ag/Al2O3-Cu/Al2O3组合体系具有与Ag/Al2O3相似的脱除NOx活性,同时使CO在300 ℃以后几乎完全转化. 在10%水蒸气存在的情况下,Ag/Al2O3-Cu/Al2O3组合催化剂脱除NOx的活性下降,但水蒸气对CO转化率的影响不大.     

Preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 over CeO2/CuO catalyst:Effect of calcination temperature

Different from the classical configuration CuO/CeO2 catalyst,the inverse configuration CeO2 /CuO catalyst (atomic ratio of Ce/Cu=10/100) was prepared by impregnation method.Five calcination temperatures were selected to investigate the interaction between CeO2 and CuO support.It is found that as calcination temperature increased from 500 to 900 C,sintering of CeO2 particles on the support occurred together with the diffusion of a portion of Ce 4+ ions into CuO crystals,forming solid solution.Formation of interface complex Ce-O-Cu was suggested by TPR measurements.The catalyst calcined at 700 C gives the highest activity for preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 stream.     

MnOx-SnO2 Catalysts Synthesized by a Redox Coprecipitation Method for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3

MnO_x-SnO₂ composite oxides prepared by a redox coprecipitation route were tested in selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH₃ at low temperatures. The results showed that the MnO_x-SnO₂ catalyst with a Mn/(Mn+Sn) molar ratio of 75% exhibited the best performance, on which NO conversion of 100% could be achieved at temperatures of 120–200 °C. The characterization results of N₂ adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the higher surface area, the formation of solid solution between manganese and tin oxides, and the high oxidation state manganese species were responsible for the high catalytic activity of the MnO_x-SnO₂ catalyst.     

Simulation of dielectric properties and stability of clusters (H2O)i, CO2(H2O)i, and CH4(H2O)i

Molecular dynamics method is used for studying complex permittivity ɛ and the stability of individual water clusters as a function of the number of involved molecules (7 ≤ i ≤ 20) and also the corresponding characteristics of water aggregates with a captured CO₂ or CH₄ molecule. Absorption of the latter molecules leads to considerable changes in dielectric properties and stability of clusters. In particular, upon the addition of a CO₂ molecule to a water cluster, the oscillation parameters of the real and imaginary parts of the permittivity change. Capture of a CH₄ molecule by a water aggregate changes the ɛ(ω) dependence from the relaxation to resonance type. For i ≥ 15, the thermal stability of individual water clusters can be lower than that of aggregates CO₂(H₂O) _i and CH₄(H₂O) _i . The mechanical stability of (H₂O) _{i ≥ 13} clusters can exceed that of heteroclusters under consideration. Clusters (H₂O) _i and CO₂(H₂O) _i have approximately the same dielectric stability, whereas aggregates CH₄(H₂O) _i exhibit lower stability with respect to electric perturbations. Original Russian Text ? A.E. Galashev, V.N. Chukanov, A.N. Novruzov, O.A. Novruzova, 2007, published in Elektrokhimiya, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 143–153.     

(La0.8A0.2)MnO3 (A = Sr,K) perovskite catalysts for NO and C10H22 oxidation and selective reduction of NO by C10H22

In this work, we studied the catalytic activity of LaMnO₃ and (La_0.8A_0.2)MnO₃ (A = Sr, K) perovskite catalysts for oxidation of NO and C₁₀H₂₂ and selective reduction of NO by C₁₀H₂₂. The catalytic performances of these perovskites were compared with that of a 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst. The La site substitution increased the catalytic properties for NO or C₁₀H₂₂ oxidation compared with the non-substituted LaMnO₃ sample. For the most efficient perovskite catalyst, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃, the results showed the presence of two temperature domains for NO adsorption: (1) a domain corresponding to weakly adsorbed NO, desorbing at temperatures lower than 270 ℃ and (2) a second domain corresponding to NO adsorbed on the surface as nitrate species, desorbing at temperatures higher than 330 ℃. For the Sr-substituted perovskite, the maximum NO₂ yield of 80% was observed in the intermediate temperature domain (around 285 ℃). In the reactant mixture of NO/C₁₀H₂₂/O₂/H₂O/He, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite showed better performance than the 2 wt% Pt/SiO₂ catalyst： NO₂ yields reaching 50% and 36% at 290 and 370 ℃, respectively. This activity improvement was found to be because of atomic scale interactions between the A and B active sites, Sr²⁺ cation and Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺ redox couple. Thus, (La_0.8Sr_0.2)MnO₃ perovskite could be an alternative free noble metal catalyst for exhaust gas after treatment.     

Using the Interaction between Copper and Manganese to Stabilize Copper Single-atom for CO Oxidation.

The interaction between Cu and Mn has been used to immobilize the Cu single-atom on MnO₂ surface by redox-driven hydrolysis. Comprehensive structure and property characterizations demonstrate that the existence of an Cu−Mn interaction on the catalyst surface can effectively restrain the aggregation of Cu single atoms and improve carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation activity. The interaction of forming the Cu−O−Mn entity is beneficial for CO catalytic activity as the migration of reactive oxygen species and the coordination effect of active centers accelerate the reaction. In particular, 3%-Cu₁/MnO₂ shows an oxygen storage capacity (OSC) value (342.75 μmol/g) more than ten times that of pure MnO₂ (27.79 μmol/g) and has high CO catalytic activity (T_90%=80 °C), it can maintain CO conversion of 95 % after 15 cycles. This work offers a reliable method for synthesizing Cu single-atom catalysts and deepens understanding of the interaction effect between single transition metal atoms and supports that can improve the catalytic activity of CO oxidation.     

Investigation of Fe−Ni Mixed‐Oxide Catalysts for the Reduction of NO by CO: Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Performance

A series of Fe?Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts were synthesized by using the sol–gel method for the reduction of NO by CO. These Fe?Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts exhibited tremendously enhanced catalytic performance compared to monometallic catalysts that were prepared by using the same method. The effects of Fe/Ni molar ratio and calcination temperature on the catalytic activity were examined and the physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, N₂‐adsorption/‐desorption isotherms, temperature‐programmed reduction with hydrogen (H₂‐TPR), temperature‐programmed desorption of nitric oxide (NO‐TPD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the reduction behavior, surface oxygen species, and surface chemical valence states of iron and nickel in the catalysts were the key factors in the NO elimination. Fe_0.5Ni_0.5O_x that was calcined at 250 °C exhibited excellent catalytic activity of 100 % NO conversion at 130 °C and a lifetime of more than 40 hours. A plausible mechanism for the reduction of NO by CO over the Fe?Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts is proposed, based on XPS and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analyses.