Fe~＋（~6D）催化N_2O和CH_4制取甲醇循环反应的理论探究

本文采用密度泛函理论（DFT）B3LYP与耦合簇（CCSD）方法,研究了气相中四重态和六重态势能面上Fe＋催化N2O和CH4制取甲醇的微观机理.运用分子轨道理论和自然键轨道理论（NBO）对反应势能面进行分析,并通过自旋-轨道耦合（SOC）计算,讨论了势能面的交叉情况和自旋翻转的可能性.对Kozuch提出的能量跨度模型引入系间窜越几率加以修正,使其适用于非绝热两态反应.用修正后的能量跨度模型计算了催化剂的转化频率（TOF）,同时确定了整个反应的决速态.     

气相中W~+活化CO_2分解的自旋禁阻反应机理

用密度泛函理论中的UB3LYP方法,对W采用相对论校正赝势基组(SDD),对C、O采用6-311+G(3d)基组,研究了气相中不同自旋态W+活化CO2分解的反应机理.计算结果表明,W+活化CO2分解反应以六重态进入反应通道,经过六重态势能面到四重态势能面的系间窜越(ISC),最后产物WO+和CO以四重态离开反应通道.运用Harvey方法优化出最低能量交叉点(MECP),并计算了MECP处的自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)常数(494.95cm-1),势能面的交叉和在MECP处较强的自旋-轨道耦合作用降低了自旋禁阻反应能垒,为反应提供了一条低能反应路径,反应总放热量为122.33kJ.mol-1.     

气相中W+活化CO2分解的自旋禁阻反应机理

用密度泛函理论中的UB3LYP方法, 对W采用相对论校正赝势基组(SDD), 对C、O采用6-311+G(3d)基组, 研究了气相中不同自旋态W+活化CO2分解的反应机理. 计算结果表明, W+活化CO2分解反应以六重态进入反应通道, 经过六重态势能面到四重态势能面的系间窜越(ISC),最后产物WO+和CO以四重态离开反应通道. 运用Harvey方法优化出最低能量交叉点(MECP), 并计算了MECP处的自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)常数(494.95 cm-1), 势能面的交叉和在MECP处较强的自旋-轨道耦合作用降低了自旋禁阻反应能垒, 为反应提供了一条低能反应路径, 反应总放热量为122.33 kJ·mol-1.     

Ti^＋离子和C2H4分子自旋禁阻反应中C—H键活化机理的理论研究

用密度泛函B3LYP方法,研究了二重态和四重态势能面自旋禁阻反应Ti^＋（^4F,3d^24s^1）＋C2H4→TiC2H2^＋（^2A2）＋H2的微观机理．通过自旋．轨道耦合的计算讨论了势能面交叉点和可能的自旋翻转过程．中间体IM1-^4B2处,四重态和二重态间的旋-轨耦合值为59．3cm^-1．自旋多重度必将发生变化,从四重态系间穿越到二重态势能面形成共价型复合物IM1-^2A1,同时导致四重态势能面的势垒明显降低．到插入中间体IM2后,二重态势能面上有两条不同的反应路径,即分步和协同路径,后者在二重态势能面上得到放热产物TiC2H2^＋（^2A2）＋H2具有较低的活化势垒,4．52kcal／mol,其主反应路径为：Ti^＋＋C2H4→^4IC→IM1—^4B2→4.2ISC→IM1—^2A1→[^2TSins]→IM2-^2A”→[^2TSMCTS]→IM5→TiC2H2^＋（^2A2）＋H2．     

气相中Ta+活化分解CO2的自旋禁阻反应机理

采用密度泛函理论中的UB3LYP方法,对Ta采用相对论校正赝势基组(SDD),C,O采用6-311+G(3d)基组,计算研究了气相中不同自旋态下Ta+活化CO2分解反应的微观机理.计算结果表明,Ta+活化CO2分解反应是典型的自旋禁阻反应,以五重态进入反应通道,经过五重态势能面到三重态势能面的系间窜越(ISC),最终产物TaO+,CO以三重态离开反应通道.运用Harvey方法优化出最低能量交叉点(MECP),并计算了MECP处的自旋-轨道耦合(SOC)常数(204.94cm-1),较大的SOC值说明了在MECP处的自旋-轨道耦合作用较强,势能面的交叉降低了自旋禁阻反应能垒,为反应提供了一条低能反应路径.运用Landau-Zener跃迁几率公式计算了MECP处系间窜越几率,较大的系间窜越几率说明了该自旋禁阻反应速率较快.     

气相中Cu+活化N2O中N-O键反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函UB3LYP/6 311+G(2d)方法计算研究了Cu+在基态和激发态下与N2O的反应机理,全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法对过渡态进行了验证,并用UCCSD(T)/6 311G(2d,p)、单点垂直激发、Harvey等人的方法分别进行各驻点单点能校正,单重态和三重态反应势能面交叉点CP确定,最低能量交叉点(MECP)的优化及MECP处相应的自旋 轨道耦合常数(SOC)计算。计算结果表明,该反应为一步反应,SOC值为84.2 cm-1,比较大的SOC值说明了在势能面上CP点处的翻转能够有效的降低反应的活化能,降低活化能值为27.6kJ.mol,增加反应放热126.7kJ.mol,这在动力学和热力学上对反应是非常有利。     

Mo活化NH3的自旋禁阻反应机理

采用密度泛函理论的UB3LYP方法,计算研究了气相中Mo活化NH3的反应机理。为了理解由Mo活化NH3过程中自旋翻转行为,对自旋态分别为七、五、三和单等4个反应势能面进行了计算研究,其结果表明,Mo活化NH3的过程是通过各自旋态势能面交叉产生的典型的自旋禁阻反应,最低能量交叉点(MECPs)附近的系间窜越导致2步H转移和脱H2反应能垒降低。此外运用自然键(NBO)轨道理论分析了反应中较为重要的几个物种的成键特性。通过计算在最低能量交叉点(MECPs)附近不同自旋态之间的自旋-轨道耦合常数,再运用Landau-Zener跃迁几率公式估算了MECPs处系间窜越几率。所确定的最低能量反应路径为:7Mo+NH3→7IM1→7/5MECP1→5TS12→5IM2→5/3MECP2→3TS23→3IM3→3TS34→3IM4→3HMoN+H2。     

气相中Co+催化CO与N2O反应机理的理论计算研究

采用密度泛函UB3LYP/6-311+G(2d)方法计算研究了Co+在基态和激发态下与N2O的反应机理,全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法对过渡态进行了验证,并用UB3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd)、单点垂直激发、Harvey等人的方法分别进行各驻点单点能校正,三重态和五重态反应势能面两个交叉点CP确定,最低能量交叉点(MECP)的优化及MECP处相应的自旋-轨道耦合常数(SOC)计算,计算结果表明,该反应为两步反应,较大的SOC值说明了在势能面上的翻转能够有效发生,且反应机理都为插入—消去反应,交叉点能够有效的降低反应的活化能,这在动力学和热力学上都是有利的。     

Pt^＋（^2D）催化H2O和CH4制取水煤气循环反应的理论探究

采用密度泛函理论（DFT）B3LYP方法和非迭代三激发电子相关耦合簇CCSD（T）方法研究了二重态和四重态势能面上由Pt＋（2D,4F）催化H2O和CH4产生水煤气的循环反应.采用分子轨道（MO）理论和自然键轨道（NBO）理论对最低能量路径的反应势能面作了详细的分析说明.应用Kozuch撰写的能量跨度模型（energetic span model）确定了决定循环反应速率的决速过渡态（TDTS）和决速中间体（TDI）,最后计算了催化剂的转化频率（TOF）以评价催化剂的性能.     

传能反应O（^1D）＋CO2（1∑g^＋）→O（^3P）＋CO2（1∑g^＋）中间物机理的理论研究

利用ab initio量子化学方法研究了自旋禁阻的传能反应O(^1D) CO2(1∑g^ )→O(^3P) CO2(1∑g^ )的反应机制，通过中间化合物CO3的单、三重态的势能面交叉点的确认，证明了中间物传能机理的可行性，同时计算了交叉点处的自旋-轨道偶合和面间跃迁几率，进一步证明了中间化合物CO3的形成在传能过程中的重要作用。     

Theoretical study of the mechanism for C-H bond activation in spin-forbidden reaction between Ti~+ and C_2H_4

The mechanism of the spin-forbidden reaction Ti+(4F, 3d24s1) + C2H4 → TiC2H2+ (2A2) + H2 on both doublet and quartet potential energy surfaces has been investigated at the B3LYP level of theory. Crossing points between the potential energy surfaces and the possible spin inversion process are discussed by means of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) calculations. The strength of the SOC between the low-lying quartet state and the doublet state is 59.3 cm-1 in the intermediate complex IM1-4B2. Thus, the changes of its ...     

碳纳米管内P—Ylide反应的理论研究

碳纳米管空腔不仅可以改变填充到其内部分子的性质,而且对其内部的SN2取代反应有促进或抑制作用,因而被视为一种新型的“固体溶剂”．本文通过密度泛函理论研究了CH2O和PH3CH2在气相、苯溶液和碳纳米管空腔内的[2＋2]加成反应．结果表明,与气相相比,碳纳米管空腔对于[2＋2]环加成反应影响不大,这是因为所研究的[2＋2]环加成反应中,反应物并不是轴对称的,不同于SN2取代反应的一维线性排列,所以具有较大轴向极化率的碳纳米管对[2＋2]环加成反应影响较小．     

Theoretical study of the reaction of Sc with SCO in gas phase

In order to elucidate the mechanism of reaction M⁺ + SCO, both triplet and singlet potential energy surfaces (PESs) for the reaction of Sc⁺ + SCO have been theoretically investigated using the DFT (B3LYP/6-311+G*) level of theory. The geometries for reactants, intermediates, transition states and products were completely optimized. All the transition states were verified by the vibrational analysis and the intrinsic reaction coordinate calculations. The involving potential energy curve-crossing dramatically affects reaction mechanism, reaction rate has been discussed, and the crossing points (CPs) have been localized by the approach suggested by Yoshizawa et al. The present results show that the reaction mechanism are insertion–elimination mechanism both along the C–S and C–O bond activation branches, but the C–S bond activation is much more favorable in energy than the C–O bond activation. All theoretical results not only support the existing conclusions inferred from early experiment, but also complement the pathway and mechanism for this reaction.     

Theoretical investigations of spin-orbit coupling and intersystem crossing in reaction carbon dioxide activated by [Re(CO)2]+

In order to further explore the detailed reaction mechanism of carbon dioxide activated by [Re(CO)₂]⁺ complex, CCSD(T) methods was performed to determine related potential energy surface (PES). Crossing point is determined by using a partially optimized method. The result shows that larger spin-orbital coupling (155.37 cm⁻¹) and intersystem crossing probabilities in spin-forbidden region causes the electron to spin flip at the minimum energy crossing point and access to the lower singlet PES. Nonadiabatic rate constant k is estimated to be quite rapid, so transition state (¹TS1) is rate-controlled steps. In addition, the electronic structure of oxygen-atom transfer process is further analyzed by localized molecular orbital and Mayer bond order. The analysis finds that the form of main bonding orbital is the electron contribution from the p(O) in CO₂ to the empty d(Re) orbital.     

Theoretical studies on the reaction mechanism of CH2CH radical with HNCO

The reaction mechanism of CH₂CH radical with HNCO has been investigated systematically by density functional theory (DFT). The geometries and harmonic frequencies of reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products have been optimized with the B3LYP at different levels. At the same time, AIM is performed to calculate the charge density of some bonding critical points and the charges of some atoms. Nine feasible reaction pathways have been investigated. The results indicated that the main pathway is CH₂CH + HNCO → IMA1 → TSA1 → CH₂CH₂ + NCO, which is characterized by hydrogen atom transferring. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006     

Theoretical study of the mechanism for C-H bond activation in spin-forbidden reaction between Ti<Superscript>+</Superscript> and C<Subscript>2</Subscript>H<Subscript>4</Subscript>

The mechanism of the spin-forbidden reaction Ti⁺(⁴F, 3d²4s¹) + C₂H₄→TiC₂H₂ ⁺ (²A₂) + H₂ on both doublet and quartet potential energy surfaces has been investigated at the B3LYP level of theory. Crossing points between the potential energy surfaces and the possible spin inversion process are discussed by means of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) calculations. The strength of the SOC between the low-lying quartet state and the doublet state is 59.3 cm⁻¹ in the intermediate complex IM1-⁴B₂. Thus, the changes of its spin multiplicity may occur from the quartet to the doublet surface to form IM1-²A₁, leading to a sig-nificant decrease in the barrier height on the quartet PES. After the insertion intermediate IM2, two distinct reaction paths on the doublet PES have been found, i.e., a stepwise path and a concerted path. The latter is found to be the lowest energy path on the doublet PES to exothermic TiC₂H₂ ⁺(²A₂) + H₂ products, with the active barrier of 4.52 kcal/mol. In other words, this reaction proceeds in the following way: Ti⁺+C₂H₄→⁴IC→IM1-⁴B₂→^4,2ISC→IM1-²A₁→[²TS_ins]→IM2→[²TS_MCTS]→IM5→TiC₂H₂ ⁺(²A₂)+H₂. Supported by ‘Qinglan’ Talent Engineering Funds by Tianshui Normal University.     

CIO自由基与CN自由基反应的密度泛函理论研究

应用量子化学从头算和密度泛函理论（DFT）对CIO与CN的双自由基反应进行了研究．结果表明,CIO自由基的O原子进攻CN自由基的C原子是主要的进攻方式,并形成了中间体1 CIOCN．随后,中间体1发生异构化和分解反应得到热力学上可行的3种产物P4（CINCO）,P1（CO＋CIN）和P3（NO＋CCl）．其中P4是主要产物,P1和P3是次要产物．与单态势能面上相比,三态势能面对整个反应的贡献可以忽略．