贫困地区农村中学化学教师专业发展的现状调查

选取了重庆市边缘几个国家级贫困县作为调查对象,从化学教师个人背景、化学教师教育理念、化学教师职业道德、化学教师专业知识结构及化学教师专业发展情意几个维度对贫困地区农村中学化学教师专业发展现状进行了调查。     

对几个无机制备实验的改进

通过改变实验方案和试剂用量,对硫酸铝的制备等几个无机制备实验进行了改进。     

毛细管凝胶电泳柱技术的新进展*

全面介绍了当前毛细管凝胶电泳(CGE) 柱制备的几种技术, 初步归纳了影响凝胶柱稳定性的可能因素, 并对毛细管凝胶电泳柱技术的几个发展方向进行了概述。共引用文献33 篇。     

谈国家标准中几个量和单位的应用

谈国家标准中几个量和单位的应用李克勤（大理医学院云南６７１０００）目前，化学教学中，法定计量单位的国家标准正在全面贯彻实施。本文拟根据有关国家计量标准，结合作者在参编和使用新版教材中的理解和体会，对化学教学中主要涉及的几个重要的基本量和单位的应用进行...     

染料敏化太阳电池研究进展

本文介绍了染料敏化太阳电池(DSC)的结构和基本原理,综述了DSC各项关键技术的实验和产业化研究最新成果。对DSC中的几个重要组成部分：纳米半导体薄膜、染料敏化剂、氧化还原电解质、对电极和导电基底材料等几个方面的研究进展进行了详细的评述。回顾了DSC从实验室小电池研究到大规模产业化研究的发展,对该领域未来发展前景进行了展望。     

超（近）临界流体中的催化加氢反应

就近年来超临界流体, 特别是超临界二氧化碳中几个重要的均相、非均相加氢反应的研究进展进行综述。     

锂无机固体电解质*

全固态锂离子二次电池具有更大能量密度和更高的安全使用性能,在未来的电动汽车和蓄能电站上有很好的应用前景。本文对一些典型的锂无机固体电解质进行分类讨论,对它们的性能、结构和导电机理进行评述。这些固体电解质具有较高的离子导电率,是目前的研究热点。文章总结了影响其导电率的几个重要因素以及作为理想锂无机固体电解质的几个基本要求。     

柴油非加氢脱硫技术研究中样品的选择

利用气相色谱/原子发射光谱检测器（GC/AED），对小型加氢装置的加氢脱硫柴油样品及氧化/萃取前后样品油中含硫化合物进行了分析，对色谱图中出现的几个可疑峰进行了分析和推测，表明这几个峰是由元素硫产生的，并通过无硫油样中加入硫磺和对样品进行汞洗等实验进行了验证。此外，对于加氢柴油中元素硫产生原因以及对硫质量分数测定和对实验分析的影响，在氧化脱硫等非加氢脱硫实验中样品的选择等问题进行了讨论。     

分析实验室布局安排中容易忽视的几个问题

对分析实验室安排布局中常见的几个问题所带来的潜在危害和危害原因进行了分析讨论,并根据实际提出了建议.     

酮和酚酮化合物合成新进展

对艹卓酮和艹卓酚酮化合物最新合成进展从亲电取代反应、缩合反应和还原反应等几个方面进行了综述。参考文献３４篇     

绿色化学及其绿色系统工程技术与环境友好

绿色化学理念的基本内涵既有微观意义又有宏观意义与工程技术的意义。绿色化学及其绿色技术在社会生产与生活、传统化学工业改造与创新、资源合理充分利用与循环再生、绿色净化与监测、环境保护与开发等方面发挥重要作用。实施绿色化学及其绿色系统工程技术,使社会生产、生活绿色化,实现人类与环境友好对话,建设“环境友好”家园,营造“环境和谐”生活,是坚持可持续发展、科学发展核心战略的重要举措,是当今世界人类面临的重大挑战与机遇。     

Advancing the Drug Discovery and Development Process

The current state of affairs in the drug discovery and development process is briefly summarized and then ways to take advantage of the ever‐increasing fundamental knowledge and technical knowhow in chemistry and biology and related disciplines are discussed. The primary motivation of this Essay is to celebrate the great achievements of chemistry, biology, and medicine and to inform and inspire students and academics to enter the field of drug discovery and development while, at the same time, continue to advance the fundamentals of their disciplines. It is also meant to encourage and catalyze multidisciplinary partnerships between academia and industry as scientists attempt to merge their often complementary interests and expertise to achieve new improvements and breakthroughs in their respective fields, and the common goal of applying them to the discovery and invention of new and better medicines, especially in areas of unmet needs.     

Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles: syntheses,optical properties,and biological applications

We review the syntheses, optical properties, and biological applications of cadmium selenide (CdSe) and cadmium selenide–zinc sulfide (CdSe–ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) and gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, we selected the syntheses of QDs and Au and Ag NPs in aqueous and organic phases, size- and shape-dependent photoluminescence (PL) of QDs and plasmon of metal NPs, and their bioimaging applications. The PL properties of QDs are discussed with reference to their band gap structure and various electronic transitions, relations of PL and photoactivated PL with surface defects, and blinking of single QDs. Optical properties of Ag and Au NPs are discussed with reference to their size- and shape-dependent surface plasmon bands, electron dynamics and relaxation, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The bioimaging applications are discussed with reference to in vitro and in vivo imaging of live cells, and in vivo imaging of cancers, tumor vasculature, and lymph nodes. Other aspects of the review are in vivo deep tissue imaging, multiphoton excitation, NIR fluorescence and SERS imaging, and toxic effects of NPs and their clearance from the body. Figure Semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoparticles have extensive applications, e.g., in vitro and in vivo bioimaging Tamitake Itoh and Abdulaziz Anas contributed equally to this article.     

印度洋热液区贻贝及栖息沉积物中金属元素的特征分析

本研究采集了印度洋热液区贻贝生物及其栖息沉积物样品,分析了生物体及沉积物中常见微量元素及稀土元素的含量与分布特征,研究了生物体与沉积物金属元素的相关性,以及稀土元素的生态化学特征等.结果表明:印度洋热液区沉积物中常见微量金属主要为Fe(96.62 mg/kg)、Mn(1.143 mg/kg)和Zn(322.6 μg/kg),微量元素归一化计算得Fe含量比值高达98.15%,可获悉该热液区沉积物主要为铁矿类物质.深海贻贝中微量元素及稀土元素的分布趋势与深海沉积物中元素分布存在较好的相关性,相关性系数分别为0.991与0.996,近海贻贝中金属元素的含量及分布与深海贻贝存在差异性.深海沉积物与贻贝中轻重稀土元素均呈现分馏现象,且贻贝中富集轻稀土比较显著;从稀土配分模式可知,沉积物与贻贝中的Eu与Gd均呈现异常现象,深海沉积物和深海贻贝中Eu异常现象较为显著.深海沉积物、贻贝及近海贻贝中δEu分别为9.50、10.68和0.23,而δCe分别为2.21、2.71和4.38,表明近海贻贝中稀土元素富集来源与深海贻贝存在差异性,深海沉积物与深海贻贝稀土元素具有同源性.     

Polarography and voltammetry of dyes and intermediates

The scope of polarography and voltammetry in analyzing azo dyes, anthraquinone-, polycondensed aromatic and vat dyes, di- and triarylcarbonium and heterocyclic dyes, nitro-, nitroso dyes and nitro intermediates, intermediates such as sulphonation products of 2-naphthol, diazonium salts and diazonium compounds is outlined. In view of much tougher future toxicological and environmental constraints and new outlets for dyes in modern high technology industries, polarography and voltammetry may find new and wider application and recognition.     

剌梨利康饮对汞中毒大鼠汞铜锌含量的影响

用高汞水喂养大鼠８周,复制出慢性汞中毒模型,再分别自由饮用利康饮饮料和腹腔注射二巯基丙磺酸钠３周,探讨剌梨利康饮和二巯基丙磺酸钠对慢性汞中毒大鼠体内汞、铜、锌含量的影响。结果显示：慢性汞中毒引起血清、肝、脑和肾中汞含量升高的同时,引起血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝中锌含量降低;利康饮可降低血清和肾中汞含量,并可提高血清、脑和肾中铜、锌含量及肝含量;二巯基丙磺酸钠虽可降低血清、肝和肾中汞含量,升高血清     

多糖类生物医用材料—甲壳素和壳聚糖的研究及应用

对甲壳素和壳聚糖的制备工艺,结构与性质以人在固定化酶、药物控释载体、絮凝剂、吸附剂、医用敷料等方面的应用进行了综述。     

Mutual physiological genetic mechanism of plant high water use efficiency and nutrition use efficiency

Water deficiency and lower fertilizer utilization efficiency are major constraints of productivity and yield stability. Improvements of crop water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is becoming an important objective in crop breeding. With the introduction of new physiological and biological approaches, we can better understand the mutual genetics mechanism of high use efficiency of water and nutrient. Much work has been done in past decades mainly including the interactions between different fertilizers and water influences on root characteristics and crop growth. Fertilizer quantity and form were regulated in order to improve crop WUE. The crop WUE and NUE shared the same increment tendency during evolution process; some genes associated with WUE and NUE have been precisely located and marked on the same chromosomes, some genes related to WUE and NUE have been cloned and transferred into wheat and rice and other plants, they can enhance water and nutrient use efficiency. The proteins transporting nutrient and water were identified such as some water channel proteins. The advance on the mechanism of higher water and nutrient use efficiency in crop was reviewed in this article, and it could provide some useful information for further research on WUE and NUE in crop.     

智能响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集中的应用

蛋白质的磷酸化和糖基化作为研究最广泛的两种翻译后修饰(PTMs),在疾病的早期无创诊断、预后和治疗评估中表现出越来越大的潜力。蛋白质的异常磷酸化和糖基化经常被用于临床蛋白质组学研究和疾病相关生物标志物的发现。目前已有多种材料被开发用于磷酸化肽和糖肽的富集研究,其中,智能响应材料由于具有独特的响应特性,已被陆续报道用于磷酸化肽和糖肽的富集。智能响应材料可对外界刺激做出响应,发生结构和性质上的变化,将光、电、热、机械等信号转化为生物化学信号。响应分子是决定智能响应材料响应特性的先决条件,它们在不同刺激条件下(如温度、pH、光、机械应力、电磁场等)的可逆异构化将导致材料的宏观物理和化学性质的动态变化。与传统材料相比,智能响应材料可以可逆地“打开”和“关闭”,具有更好的可调控性。由于引起智能材料响应的刺激信号对其性能具有重要的影响,综述根据施加的刺激种类对智能响应材料进行分类,具体分为外源性响应材料和内源性响应材料,且分别总结了外源性响应材料、内源性响应材料以及内外源共同响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集方面的工作。此外,综述对智能响应材料在磷酸化肽和糖肽富集方面的发展前景进行了展望,并且提出了智能响应材料在其他蛋白质翻译后修饰方面的应用中存在的挑战。