微电流法直接检测非电话性气体二氧化碳

基于非电活性气体ＣＯ２在‘二甲亚砜／铂微电极’体系中定量的电还原反应，提出微电流法常温直接检测二氧化碳，在常规气敏微有和硅一体化薄膜微电极器件上获得了满意的气敏响应特性：好的线性响应关系、娄敏度和响应速度。     

聚苯胺薄膜的溶液表面制备及室温氨气气敏性能

提出了一种基于溶液表面的聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜及气敏器件的室温制备方法,以苯胺单体、盐酸和过硫酸铵为原料通过氧化聚合在其水溶液表面直接获得质子化聚苯胺(PANI)薄膜,并利用薄膜的可转移特性构筑气敏器件.研究发现溶液的pH对PANI致密薄膜的形成至关重要,从而提出了质子化苯胺单体优先在溶液表面聚集和聚合的PANI薄膜形成机制.该薄膜气敏器件能够对NH₃进行有效的室温检测,且性能随薄膜聚合温度和聚合时间的变化呈规律性变化,优选制备条件下(pH=0.6,室温18℃,聚合60 min)的薄膜其检测下限为10^-6,响应与NH₃浓度呈良好的线性关系,并具有良好的重复性、选择性、快速响应和有竞争力的响应值.该薄膜制备工艺体现了“绿色”制备思想,且薄膜能够大面积制备并具有优异的气敏性能,有望为PANI-基薄膜的制备与室温气体传感器的研究与应用提供一种新的思路.     

次黄嘌呤微型传感器及其应用研究

将微机械加工技术应用于传感器研究,制备一体化薄膜生物传感器。本项研究实瑞 微电极表面进行黄嘌呤氧化酶的固定化,从而制备一体化薄膜次黄嘌呤微传感器,该传感器对次黄嘌呤具有良好的响应特性和较高的测定灵敏度,传感器应用于鱼肉中次黄嘌呤的分析,获得了满意的结果。     

基于吸收互补有机半导体本体复合薄膜的高性能柔性光突触晶体管

采用光吸收互补的聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)和引达省并二噻吩-苯并噻二唑共聚物(PIDT-BT), 通过溶液法制备了两者的本体复合异质结构有机半导体薄膜, 并研究了薄膜的表面结构和光电性质. 将PIDT-BT:P3HT复合薄膜作为一类新型光敏沟道层, 与聚电解质介电材料相结合, 制备了高性能柔性低电压光突触晶体管. 考察了不同光刺激条件对光突触晶体管性能的影响及半导体机制, 发现PIDT-BT:P3HT器件具有明显光突触特性, 并且相较于单纯PIDT-BT或P3HT器件具有更高响应的兴奋性突触后电流. 基于PIDT-BT:P3HT薄膜的光突触器件, 在绿红双色光刺激下的响应大于两种单色光分别刺激的响应之和, 表明附加光刺激可调控器件的记忆效率. 该研究为发展高性能光响应半导体薄膜及柔性低功耗光突触器件提供了新策略.     

Y2O3薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导气敏元件及其气敏性

采用溶胶-凝胶法将氧化钇(Y2O3)敏感膜固定在锡掺杂玻璃光波导表面,研制出了Y2O3薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导气敏元件,并对挥发性有机气体进行了检测.通过XRD测试对敏感薄膜的结构及晶粒尺寸进行了表征.实验结果表明,在室温下Y2O3薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导气敏元件对二甲苯、氯苯气体有较好的选择性响应,其响应浓度范围为l×10-3 ～1×10-5(V/V).Y2O3薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导气敏元件具有灵敏度高、成本低、响应速度快、制作工艺简单和可逆性好等优点.     

氧化锌薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导元件及其对氯苯的气敏性研究

建立了玻璃光波导气敏元件检测氯苯气体的方法.采用浸渍-提拉法将ZnO敏感膜固定在锡掺杂玻璃光波导表面,研制出了检测氯苯气体的ZnO薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导气敏元件,并用该玻璃光波导气敏元件对挥发性有机气体进行了检测.实验结果表明,在室温下,气敏元件对氯苯气体有明显的响应,而对相同浓度的其它挥发性有机气体的响应相对较小,对...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化锌薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导及其气敏性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出氧化锌薄膜/锡掺杂玻璃光波导气敏元件,并在光波导传感检测系统中对二甲苯气体进行检测.结果表明,室温下该气敏元件对二甲苯气体有较好的响应,而对相同浓度的其它挥发性有机气体的响应相对较小,能检测出的二甲苯气体的响应范围为1×10-3～4×10-6,而对其它挥发性有机物气体的响应相对较小.同时该气敏元件...     

电响应聚合物薄膜的表面图案化

由于图案化的功能表面在制备微流体器件和生物芯片等方面具有巨大应用潜力而备受关注,表面图案化的方法很多，如微接触印刷、光刻蚀和电子束刻蚀等等,聚2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙基磺酸（PAMPS）是一种电响应聚合物，在电场的作用下其体积能发生大幅度的变化，我们曾经报道通过带偏压的原子力针尖对PAMPS薄膜的微观浸润性进行调控,本文采用预先结构化的电极对薄膜施加电场，实现了其表面性质的图案化控制，对制备新型聚合物微器件具有重要意义。     

基于Cu2S电阻开关器件的光电记忆效应

硫化亚铜由于其独特的电和光学特性，被广泛应用于电阻开关存储和光伏器件.本文通过脉冲激光沉积/化学气相沉积两步法合成Cu₂S薄膜，该膜由纳米颗粒构成，结晶度高，在近红外区有较好的光吸收特性.蒸镀铜电极构成Cu/Cu₂S/P-Si结构忆阻器件后，器件表现出电子型双极阻变行为，其阻变机制由空间电荷限制电流和肖特基发射机制协同主导.此外，还探究了光对器件阻变行为的响应及机理.结果表明，在光照下，最大电流响应增加至暗态时的5倍.分析认为，光照使Cu/Cu₂S界面处的肖特基势垒减小，在高阻态下，阻变机制由肖特基发射机制转变为空间电荷限制电流机制，并使器件电导率增加.本工作为Cu₂S基光电协同响应忆阻器的研发提供了新思路.     

基于薄膜电极的细胞电融合芯片

构建了一种薄膜电极阵列结构的细胞电融合芯片, 通过多聚物微通道底/顶层凸齿状的微电极, 以及多聚物微通道侧壁上溅射形成的一层离散式金属薄膜电极, 共同形成离散式"三明治"微电极结构. 该微电极结构可在微通道内部形成与传统凸齿状电极相似的非均匀分布的梯度电场, 通过介电电泳效应进行细胞控制及排队. 利用多聚物在芯片上填充了传统凸齿状电极的凹陷区, 克服了细胞在凹陷区无法有效排队与融合的缺点. 在芯片上利用K562细胞开展了基于介电电泳效应的细胞排队实验及基于可逆性电穿孔效应的电融合实验, 结果表明该芯片能够较好地实现细胞排队及融合, 融合所需控制电压低至10 V左右. 细胞排队率达99%以上, 几乎无细胞在绝缘物填充区(传统凸齿电极芯片的凹陷区)滞留, 细胞两两排队高于60%, 细胞融合效率约为40%, 比传统的细胞电融合方法和凸齿电极芯片有较大提高.     

混合溶剂中性载体镁离子选择性微电极的研究

用氯化石腊和邻硝基苯辛醚为混合溶剂制备中性载体ETH5214的镁离子选择性微电极,相对于钾离子的电位选择性系数较单独以邻硝基苯辛醚为溶剂的ETH5214镁微电极改善0.9个数量级。在纯MgCl~2和在含细胞内典型离子背景的MgCl~2溶液中,响应斜率为Nernst响应,检测下限分别为4×10^-^7mol.dm^-^3和2×10^-^5mol.dm^-^3。在pH3.5-9.5范围内,氢离子对电极的电位响应无影响。测量的重现性良好。电极的实用响应时间(t~9~5)≤3s,有效寿命长于5天。     

Determination of carbon monoxide in ambient air using piezoelectric crystal sorption detection

A new piezoelectric quartz crystal (PQC) sorption detector was developed to monitor carbon monoxide (CO) at sub-ppm level in ambient air. Out of the 28 coating materials studied, the palladium(II) acetamide complex with a 1:10 mole ratio of Pd(II) to acetamide was found to be the best. The detection is based on a non-reversible gas/coating interaction with sensitivity depending on gas flowrate. For 5-15 min exposure at a flowrate of 50 ml/min, the working ranges were found to vary from 0.7 to 40 ppm (total exposure from 8 to 160 μg CO) and detection limits (S/N=2) from 0.7 to 2 ppm CO (total exposure to 8 μg CO). The repeatability at 10 ppm CO was 11.8% (R.S.D. for n=3). The sensor lifetime was found dependent on exposure up to 160 μg CO or not exceeding 1000 Hz accumulative shift of frequency to avoid saturation of active sites at the crystal surface. No interference to CO detection was found for H₂, H₂S, SO₂, NO₂, CO₂, HCHO, gasoline and water vapors at concentrations much higher than ambient air. Compared to existing CO monitor, the PQC detector developed has advantages of adequate selectivity, high sensitivity, fast response and a much lower detection limit for detecting CO at sub-ppm levels. However, it is limited by the total exposure to a maximum of 160 μg CO that restricts its application to intermittent monitoring of low CO concentration. The present work has demonstrated the advantages of using strong non-reversible interaction to enhance PQC sensitivity, as the total exposure can be adjusted easily by a suitable control of the gas flowrate.     

毛细管电泳电化学法检测过氧化氢

以金微盘电极和离子液体修饰单壁碳纳米管糊微盘电极分别作为毛细管电泳电化学检测器,试验了两种电极对过氧化氢的响应情况,将金微盘电极与毛细管电泳联用,对过氧化氢进行了定性和定量检测.探讨了分离电压、缓冲溶液pH值和工作电位等条件对H2O2检测的影响.实验结果表明,峰电流与H2O2浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-5mo...     

Flow injection analysis system based on amperometric thin-film transducers for free chlorine detection in swimming pool waters

This work reports on the performance of a user-friendly flow injection analysis (FIA) system for the monitoring of free chlorine. A methacrylate flow cell integrating a gold thin-film microelectrode, together with an on-chip gold counter electrode, both fabricated by microfabrication technology, provided robustness, low output impedance, rapid response and low cost to the proposed flow system. An external Ag/AgCl reference electrode placed downstream the chip completes the electrochemical cell. Amperometric detection of chlorine was carried out at a set potential of +350 mV, without oxygen interference. The proposed flow system responded linearly to chlorine concentrations in a range from 0.2 to 5 mg l⁻¹, with a sensitivity of 0.23 μA l mg⁻¹, the estimated limit of detection being 0.02 mg l⁻¹. In addition, the system response was kept stable for at least 10 days (±3σ criterion), by keeping the flow system in an inert atmosphere when not in use. Fifteen samples of swimming pool waters were analyzed and no matrix effects were detected. Also, results were in good agreement with those obtained by a standard method. The excellent analytical performance of the system together with its good working stability would also enable its application for the detection of chlorine in other matrices such as tap water or chlorine stock solutions.     

Methane sensor based on palladium/MWNT nanocomposites

Methane gas sensor was fabricated based on electrocatalytic properties of the Pd/MWNT nanocomposites on indium tin oxide (ITO)glass substrates.A linear response for methane was obtained in the range of 0-16%(v/v)with a detection limit of 0.167%(v/ v)and R.S.D.of 4.1%.After 100 times sensing or stable stored more than 12 months in atmosphere,unconspicuous measurable decrease was observed.The response time was less than 60s at room temperature and ambient pressure.Some common potential interferents in samp...     

Synthesis, structure, texture, and CO sensing behavior of nanocrystalline tin oxide doped with scandia

Weakly agglomerated nanocrystalline scandia doped tin oxide powders with high surface area (170-220 m(2)/g) and uniform size (3-4 nm) were synthesized for the first time by a two-step hydrothermal process in the presence of urea, followed by the calcination between 500 and 1200 degrees C. The structure and texture of the binary oxide system were characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-specific surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A metastable scandium tin oxide solid solution in tetragonal structure was formed for the scandia content lower than 6 mol % as the samples were calcined at 800 degrees C, and the excess Sc atoms were dispersed at the surface of the crystallites above this limit. The solid solution was metastable, so scandium migrated toward the surface region of the crystallites and produced a second phase of Sc(4)Sn(3)O(12) during calcining at high temperatures over 1000-1200 degrees C. In the case of the samples with higher dopant concentration (>15 mol %), the calcination at the temperature between 500 and 800 degrees C caused the precipitation of Sc(2)O(3), and the calcination over 1000-1200 degrees C led to the formation of more Sc(4)Sn(3)O(12). Textural analysis showed that doping an appropriate amount of Sc(2)O(3) into nanosized SnO(2) could effectively inhibit the grain growth and stabilize the surface area against high-temperature calcinations below 1000 degrees C. CO gas-sensing property measurements revealed that the dispersion of Sc at the surfaces of the SnO(2) nanocrystallites could improve the CO sensitivity significantly, and the pellet sample with scandia content of 10 mol % sintered at 800 degrees C showed the best CO gas-sensing property in the operation temperature range of 300-400 degrees C. On the basis of the structural and textural analysis, the correlation between the structure/texture and the sensitivity to CO for the as-calcined (SnO(2))(1-x)(Sc(2)O(3))(x) nanocrystallites has been established and explained.     

聚氯乙烯膜修饰碳微电极的研制及应用

采用浸涂流延法制得ＰＶＣ膜修饰碳微电极,用Ｋ３Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６的循环伏安图考察了电极的电化学性能,并用此电极建立了环境水样中痕量汞的阳极溶出伏安法测定。在０．０６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＫＳＣＮ＋０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ介质中,富集电位－０．８０Ｖ,搅拌富集时间３００ｓ,扫描电压范围－０．２０～０．４０Ｖ,扫描速率３１４ｍＶ／ｓ,咄峰电流与Ｈｇ＾２＋浓度在０．０１～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内有良好的线性关系,本电极     

Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of carbon monoxide in saline at a Pt-Ru/Nafion/MnO2-modified electrode

We fabricated a sensitive and selective electrochemical carbon monoxide (CO) sensor for physiological conditions based on the Pt-Ru system. At a bare Pt-Ru electrode, a linear amperometric response to CO concentration was obtained in the range of 0.9-9 μM. However, significant current response to model electroactive interferents for physiological conditions, uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP), was also recorded at the Pt-Ru electrode. The response to UA and AA was highly suppressed by coating the Pt-Ru electrode surface with a Nafion layer, and the response to HP was almost completely eliminated by the additional coating with a MnO(2)/chitosan layer. Finally, at the Pt-Ru/Nafion/MnO(2) electrode, amperometric CO detection with a sensitivity of 173 nA cm(-2) μM(-1) was obtained in the concentration range of 0.9-9 μM with the UA, AA and HP signal being below 1.7% at the same concentration of CO.     

Self-assembly of TiO2/polypyrrole nanocomposite ultrathin films and application for an NH3 gas sensor

TiO₂/polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposite ultrathin films for NH₃ gas detection were fabricated by the in situ self-assembly technique. The films were characterized by UV–Vis absorption, FT–IR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties of TiO₂/PPy ultrathin film NH₃ gas sensors, such as sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and stability were investigated at room temperature in air as well as in N₂. The results showed that the optimum gas-sensing characteristics of TiO₂/PPy ultrathin film were obtained in the presence of 0.1?wt% colloidal TiO₂ for 20-min deposition. Compared with pure PPy thin-film sensors, the TiO₂/PPy film gas sensor has a shorter response/recovery time. It was also found that both humidity and temperature had an effect on the operation of the TiO₂/PPy film gas sensor at low NH₃ concentrations.     

Enzyme electrode system for oxalate determination utilizing oxalate decarboxylase immobilized on a carbon dioxide sensor

A highly selective enzyme electrode system for oxalate is described in which the enzyme oxalate decarboxylase is immobilized on a carbon dioxide gas-sensing electrode. The response of the system is linear with the logarithm of the oxalate concentration between 2 × 10^-4 and I × 10^-2 M with a slope of 57–60 mV/decade. The oxalate detection limit is 4 × 10^-5 M. Electrodes used with chemically immobilized enzyme are not affected by phosphate and sulfate at levels normally found in urine and are very stable showing no decrease in response after one month of operation. The enzyme electrode system functions well in urine, requiring minimal sample pretreatment. The recovery of oxalate added to five aliquots of a human control urine sample averaged 97.7% with an average relative standard deviation of 4.5%.