单模及多模光纤折射率分布测量方法研究

通过对几种单模及多模光纤折射率分布测量方法的分析研究，得到单模光纤与多模光纤折射率分布测量方法的根本区别。由于单模光纤芯径比较小，因而只能用波动理论分析其传输机理，其中的远场法和近场法测量都是基于标量亥姆霍兹波动方程，即以单模光纤的基本传输理论进行测量；而多模光纤由于其芯径比较大，故而用射线理论分析其传输原理较为合理。多模光纤的折射近场法和近场扫描法均是以纤芯半径处数值孔径不同，对应的折射模和传导模不同为依据来进行测量的。     

光纤模斑谱复合材料固化传感器研究

本文报道了一种新型光纤传感器,其原理为通过测量光纤末端近场模斑谱来反映埋置在周围的树脂折射率的变化。计算了随着在树脂固化过程中折射率变化的功率谱密度分布,给出截止频率与折射率的近似关系。通过测量折射率匹配液,对传感器误差进行了估计。给出了利用这种传感器进行复合材料树脂固化监测的实验结果。发现这种光纤传感器的信号可以用来反映固化凝胶点和固化结束点。指出由于固化后光纤仍保持光波导特性,该光纤还可以用来监测受环境扰动的结构,如温度变化、振动等     

用相位恢复方法测量多孔光纤的三维折射率分布

结合计算机断层成像方法，提出了一种新的相位恢复显微测量实验技术.应用该技术测量了多孔光纤的三维折射率分布.这种技术是基于强度传递方程的理论，对相位的测量是直接的，测量对光纤无损害.这是一种测量多孔光纤的三维折射率分布的有效方法. 关键词： 断层法 相位恢复 显微测量 多孔光纤     

准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率

介绍了用准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率的方法。通过准相干干涉定位 ,用精密光栅数显系统测长 ,由计算机采集并处理数据获得一段短光纤的光学长度 ,然后利用常规精密测长手段测得其几何长度 ,从而得到光纤的群折射率。实验结果及误差分析得出 :测量不确定度优于 7× 10 -5(2σ)。     

用干涉法测量光纤预制棒折射率分布

测量光纤折射率分布的干涉条纹移动法是目前比较公认的一种标准测量方法,其它各种方法(光强分布法、光束偏折法等)都要用它来进行对比。本文报导了用干涉(切片)法测量光纤预制棒折射率分布的一种简易实验装置,以及用这套装置所得测量结果,讨论了实验结果的误差。     

光纤法布里-珀罗复合结构折射率传感器的灵敏度分析

理论上推导了光纤法布里-珀罗复合结构传感器的反射光谱条纹对比度与外界介质折射率的关系,并分析了实验参数对传感器灵敏度的影响.利用化学腐蚀渐变折射率多模光纤制作了光纤法布里-珀罗复合结构折射率传感器,空气中的条纹对比度可达30 dB以上,折射率测量的灵敏度达45 dB/RIU(refraction index unit,简RIU)以上.实验结果与理论符合很好.通过理论和实验分析,提出了进一步提高传感器灵敏度的方法. 关键词： 光纤传感器 法布里-珀罗复合结构 折射率测量 灵敏度     

测量光纤折射率分布还原算法的研究

用透射式微分干涉法测量光纤内部折射率分布,其原理是利用旋转检偏器对测量光束进行调制,从相位分布和光程分布中计算出折射率分布。其中,从光程分布中解算出折射率分布的算法是关键。讨论了该算法的数学模型,推导了测量公式,并对算法的稳定性和误差进行了分析。利用自行研制的系统对渐变折射率分布光纤进行实测,与在NR 9200光纤测量仪上的结果进行了比较,对主要误差源进行了分析和计算机模拟。实测和模拟计算结果表明,该算法原理正确,系统稳定,测量精度优于10-3,完全可以用来测量光纤折射率分布。     

基于数字全息图的光纤折射率测量研究

利用数字全息显微层析技术构建了光纤折射率测量的测试系统, 包括光路系统与软件系统. 以物光波的相位分布曲线为依据由CCD记录最优的数字全息图; 在优化频谱图的基础之上对全息图做频域滤波, 准确选取物光波所对应的频谱范围; 使用基于角谱理论的再现算法提取出物光波的相位分布信息, 并通过模拟全息图验证相位提取的准确性; 由单幅全息图提取的相位分布信息, 结合光纤的多层模型, 还原出光纤断层面沿直径方向的折射率分布. 以单模、多模光纤为实验样品进行了测量, 测量结果与S14折射率测量仪的测量结果吻合, 精度可达10^-4. 实验对比结果表明本文方法可简单、快速、准确地测量光纤内部的折射率. 本文还对特种光纤的折射率进行了测量研究.     

基于熔融拉锥光纤的液体折射率传感器

从理论和实验上研究了一种价格低廉、操作简单、可用于多点并行测量的液体折射率光纤传感器.该传感器采用分路器进行预分光,利用高稳定放大自发辐射光源作为光源、普通光功率计作为光电探测器,以熔融拉锥光纤作为传感单元.建立了一个简单模型,分析了芯层所携带的光功率占总的光功率的比值随外部介质折射率变化的关系.实验上对不同折射率样品的传输损耗进行了测量,采用对比方法作出了传输损耗随折射率变化的定标曲线.实验结果表明:外部介质折射率越高,传输损耗越大.并验证了反射器(光纤布拉格光栅)的引入能够有效的提高系统的灵敏度.     

芯内双微孔复合腔结构的光纤法布里-珀罗传感器研究

提出了一种基于芯内双微孔复合结构的全光纤干涉传感器结构,建立了传感器反射光谱的理论模型,给出了反射光谱强度与微孔长度、孔内介质折射率、微孔端面反射与损耗系数以及光纤的特性参数间的关系,并模拟了传感器光谱对温度和折射率变化的响应特性.利用193 nm准分子激光器,在普通单模光纤上加工制作了具有复合腔结构的全光纤多参量传感器,进行了传感实验研究.结果表明,该传感器具有优于99%的温度、折射率线性响应度,对应两套温度和折射率灵敏度分别为-0.172 nm/℃,1050.700 nm/RIU和0.004 nm/℃,48.775 nm/RIU,不仅能够实现温度、折射率以及它们的区分测量,还能够应用于气体压力的测量,测量精度可达0.3 kPa.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.