仿生皮肤软材料大变形场的数字云纹实验

软物质等大变形材料是近年来力学与材料科学关注的热点问题,与之相关的实验研究也引起格外关注.本文将数字云纹实验技术应用于大变形材料力学实验,研究了软材料大变形场的实验测量与表征技术;以仿生皮肤材料缝线力学的应用为例进行实验分析,通过坐标变换给出集中力作用下的大变形材料径向变形场ur和环向变形场uθ的全场分布,并研究了缝线针口附近区域的变形场分布.分析结果表明,大变形材料的变形场存在明显的扇区变形特征.本文还进一步讨论了两种不同缝合方式下针口周边区域的力学变形特征,并初步分析了不同缝合方式对切口愈合产生的影响.     

用数字圆栅技术研究橡胶类材料I型断裂问题

采用数字云纹技术对橡胶类材料的大变形断裂力学问题进行了实验分析。提出了数字圆环栅和射线栅技术，给出了该技术的测量原理和方法。应用此技术对橡胶薄板材料的I型断裂的裂尖变形场进行了测量，给出了极坐标系下的实验径向位移场ur，和环向位移场uθ。的分布图，对实验结果进行了详细的分析，并结合大变形断裂的分区理论模型进行了比较与讨论。     

用数字圆栅技术研究橡胶类材料I型断裂问题

采用数字云纹技术对橡胶类材料的大变形断裂力学问题进行了实验分析.提出了数字圆环栅和射线栅技术,给出了该技术的测量原理和方法.应用此技术对橡胶薄板材料的I型断裂的裂尖变形场进行了测量,给出了极坐标系下的实验径向位移场ur和环向位移场uθ的分布图,对实验结果进行了详细的分析,并结合大变形断裂的分区理论模型进行了比较与讨论.     

接触问题的简化方法

本文基于一种合理的物理抽象,给出了一种计算接触问题的简化方法．其实质是在接触物体之间填加低弹模的虚构材料,以此来消除接触问题的边界非线性,将工程中广泛存在的接触问题转化为一般性的力学问题。这样可使问题得以简化,降低计算成本。简单的验算表明方法是可靠的．     

沥青海砂作为软岩相似材料的实验研究

为了解决岩石工程相似模型实验中传统相似材料难以模拟深部软岩低强度、大变形和强流变的问题,本文选用70#沥青(产量大、成本低、粘弹性、易成型、易软化等)和海砂作为深部软岩的相似模拟材料.采用连续加压法对其进行了单轴压缩实验,对不同配比下试件的密度、抗压强度及初始弹性模量进行分析,得到了该相似材料有关的原始数据和规律.本文初步验证了使用该相似材料模拟深部软岩的可行性,并针对不足之处给出一些合理改进建议,为进一步模型模拟实验提供指导.     

一类功能梯度材料表面接触力学研究进展

针对一类杨氏模量梯度变化的功能梯度材料, 考虑摩擦、微动磨损和黏附等因素, 综述了梯度材料有限尺寸、梯度变化规律、梯度涂层厚度、界面摩擦热、压头形状等对表面接触力学性能的影响; 根据不同接触模型中接触界面应力场分布, 分析多种因素影响下功能梯度材料表面抵抗磨损的能力; 最后给出了功能梯度材料接触力学研究中仍存在的主要科学问题及进一步研究展望.      

八次对称二维准晶材料接触问题

本文通过引入位移函数和应用Fourier分析与对偶积分方程理论圆满解决了在一个刚性平头冲头作用下八次对称二维准晶材料的接触问题，得到了此材料接触问题应力与位移的解析表达式。结果表明，如果接触位移在接触区域内为一常数，则接触应力在接触边缘具有1／2阶奇异性，这为准晶材料的接触变形提供了重要的力学量。     

大变形中摩擦接触问题的数值模拟及应用

大变形的摩擦接触是复杂的非线性问题 ,本文介绍了一种处理摩擦接触问题的数值方法。采用接触单元技术模拟接触界面 ,基于弹塑性理论形式的非经典Coulomb摩擦定律及罚函数方法建立了摩擦接触的增量本构关系。结合大变形的增量分析格式给出了积分摩擦接触本构方程的回映方法。这种处理摩擦接触问题的方法计算简单、使用方便。给出的计算实例及应用实例说明了方法的精度与稳定性     

大变形软材料接触摩擦的在线测试装备与技术分析

我国高档密封件与液压件产品几乎全部依赖进口,国家重大技术装备及国防装备等配套零部件行业的许多问题与摩擦学有十分重要的关系,基础件摩擦学又是国际上的研究热点与发达国家的竞争高地. 在本文中阐述了国内外关键机械零部件的接触界面原位在线测试的研究进展,及其在大变形软材料密封系统中的应用,综述了摩擦润滑中迁移状态实时在线观测技术、聚合物密封界面在线观测技术和国内在摩擦过程的微区域原位研究等进展,还分析了特殊与极端工况条件下大变形聚合物密封的性能测试、可靠性寿命分析以及多工况联合测试的技术进展,分析和讨论了高性能密封件行业的基础共性难题,最后进行了总结与展望.      

软材料粘接结构界面破坏研究综述

软材料已经在软机器人、生物医学及柔性电子等各个领域得到广泛的应用. 实际应用中, 软材料多需要粘附于不同类型的基底上, 与之共同组成工程构件进而实现特定的功能, 粘接界面性能对构件的结构完整性与功能可靠性起着关键性作用. 本文对目前软材料粘接结构界面破坏行为方面的研究进行了系统总结. 首先通过与传统粘接结构的对比, 指出了“软界面”与“软基体”两种软材料粘接结构界面破坏行为的独特性及其物理本质. 接着分别总结了“软界面”与“软基体”两种粘接结构界面破坏行为的实验表征方面的研究成果, 对界面及基体黏弹性耗散对界面破坏机理的影响分别进行了分析. 然后从理论角度, 介绍了针对两种软材料粘接结构界面破坏行为的理论分析方法, 并对已建立的相关理论模型进行了总结. 之后以内聚力模型方法为基础, 介绍了软材料粘接结构界面破坏行为数值模拟方面的相关研究进展. 最后基于已有的研究成果, 提出了目前研究所面临的挑战, 并对可能的软材料粘接结构界面破坏的未来研究方向进行了讨论和展望.      

Application of MLPG in Large Deformation Analysis

Two-dimensional large deformation analysis of hyperelastic and elasto-plastic solids based on the Meshless Local Petrov–Galerkin method (MLPG) is presented. A material configuration based the nonlinear MLPG formulation is introduced for the large deformation analysis of both path-dependent and path-independent materials. The supports of the MLS approximation functions cover the same sets of nodes during material deformation, thus the shape function needs to be computed only in the initial stage. The multiplicative hyperelasto-plastic constitutive model is adopted to avoid objective time integration for stress update in large rotation. With this constitutive model, the computational formulations for path-dependent and path-independent materials become identical. Computational efficiency of the nonlinear MLPG method is discussed and optimized in several aspects to make the MLPG an O(N) algorithm. The numerical examples indicate that the MLPG method can solve large deformation problems accurately. Moreover, the MLPG computations enjoy better convergence rate than the FEM under very large particle distortion.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472051). The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

复合材料粘接件热变形问题实验研究

本文采用云纹干涉法,对复合材料粘接件承受温度载荷作用,粘接板热膨胀失配造成的胶层剪应变及其随温度的变化特进行了分析,提出了用复合材料两个方向膨胀系数分别取代各向同性体问题的热膨胀系数,为云纹干涉法在复合材料热变形问题的热膨胀系数,为云纹干涉法在复合材料热变形问题的应用打下了基础.     

General Analytic Solutions and Complementary Variational Principles for Large Deformation Nonsmooth Mechanics

This paper presents a nonlinear dual transformation method and general complementary energy principle for solving large deformation theory of elastoplasticity governed by nonsmooth constitutive laws. It is shown that by using this method and principle, the nonconvex and nonsmooth total potential energy is dual to a smooth complementary energy functional, and fully nonlinear equilibrium equations in finite deformation problems can be converted into certain tensor equations. The algebraic relation between the first and the second Piola–Kirchhoff stresses are revealed. A closed form solution for general three-dimensional large deformation boundary value problems is obtained. The properties of this general solution are clarified by a triality extremum principle. This triality theory reveals an important phenomenon in nonconvex variational problems. Applications are illustrated by nonlinear, nonsmooth equilibrium problems in Hencky's plasticity, 3D cylindrical structures and post buckling analysis of elastoplastic bar with jumping and hardening effects. The idea and methods presented in this paper can be used and generalized to solve many nonlinear boundary value problems in finite deformation theory.Sommario. Il lavoro presenta un metodo di trasformazione duale nonlineare ed un principio generale di energia complementare per la soluzione di problemi di teoria elastoplastica in grandi deformazioni governati da leggi costitutive con discontinuità. Si mostra come, usando il metodo ed il principio proposti, l' energia potenziale totale discontinua e nonconvessa duale di un funzionale energia complementare continuo, e le equazioni di equilibrio nonlineare in problemi di deformazione finita, possano essere convertite in equazioni tensoriali. Vengono mostrate le relazioni algebriche fra il primo ed il secondo tensore delle tensioni di Piola–Kirchhoff. Si ottiene una soluzione in forma chiusa per problemi al contorno generali tridimensionali in grandi deformazioni. Le proprietà di tale soluzione generale vengono chiarite per mezzo di un principio estremale di trialità. La eoria della trialità evidenzia un fenomeno importante in problemi variazionali nonconvessi. Vengono presentate applicazioni a problemi di equilibrio nonlineare con discontinuità in situazioni di plasticità alla Hencky, strutture cilindriche in 3D, e nell'analisi postcritica di una barra elastoplastica con effetti hardening e di jumping. L'idea ed i metodi presentati in questo lavoro possono essere usati e generalizzati per risolvere molti problemi al contorno nonlineari nella teoria delle deformazioni finite.     

软磁材料的力磁耦合本构的实验研究

磁性材料已经在新技术中起着重要的作用,研究这些磁性材料的力学规律对于磁性材料的应用和发展至关重要.软磁材料在工作状态时,一般受到机械应力场和电磁场双重耦合场的作用,其本构关系本质上是非线性的.这给理论模拟带来了很大困难.目前无论是从实验方面或者是理论模型方面,对软磁材料的力磁耦合本构关系的研究都很不成熟.本文用实验方法,研究了高纯度镍和锰锌复合铁氧体这两种传统软磁材料的力磁耦合本构关系.研制了力磁耦合加载设备,测量设备和监控设备.采用铁氧体粉末烧结方法,烧制了实验所需的圆柱状实验试件.实验结果表明,外加应力对镍和锰锌铁氧体材料的磁致应变具有重要影响,较大预加应力对镍的磁化强度产生较明显的影响.而外应力对锰锌铁氧体材料的磁化曲线影响很小.     

On One Contact Problem in Fracture Mechanics for a Normally Incident Tension–Compression Wave

The contact interaction of the faces of a penny-shaped crack in a three-dimensional space is studied for the case of normal incidence of a harmonic tension–compression wave. The problem is solved by the method of boundary integral equations. The dependence of the mode I stress intensity factor on the wave number is studied. The solution is compared with the results obtained for a penny-shaped crack when the contact interaction is neglected.