γ-decay of the particle-hole states with the highest spins in208Pb

²⁰⁸Pb has been excited with inelastic heavy ion scattering of 350 MeV⁶⁴Ni and 420 MeV⁸²Se on a thick²⁰⁸Pb target. With - coincidence measurements 2 new decays of the 10⁺ isomer, namely a 34.5 keVE2-transition to 8 ₂ ⁺ and a 857.7 keVE3 transition to 7^– have been found and the wavefunctions of the participating levels deduced. An observed gamma cascade of 295.3, 348.0, 865.4 and 340.2 keV on top of the 10⁺ isomer is assigned to the particle-hole states with the highest spins 14^– 6744.1 keV13^– 6448.9 keV12⁺ 6100.9 keV11⁺ 5235.6 keV10⁺ 4895.4 keV.This work has been supported in part through the agreement on scientific cooperation between Poland and Germany.     

Final-state interactions and repulsive Coulomb effects ind+3He→3H+p+p reaction

Differential cross sections of the reactiond+³He³H+p+p have been measured atE _d =23.083 MeV in two different kinematical configurations. A gas target was used in order to obtain absolute differential cross sections and two E–E telescopes allowed a very good identification of the various particles coming from thed+³He reaction. The role of the finalstate interactions and repulsive Coulomb effects appears rather distinctly.     

Energy spectrum and angular distribution of muons from the decay of heavy leptons produced in colliding electron-positron beams

On the basis of an arbitrary (V, A) structure of the neutral weak ¯ee and LL currents (L=^–, M⁰) a study is made of the processes of production in colliding electron-positron beams of pairs of heavy leptons with subsequent decays in accordance with the schemes e⁺e^––(µ^–v_µv) + ⁺( anything) and e⁺e^–M⁰(µ^–e⁺v_e) + M⁰( anything). The energy spectrum and asymmetry of the distribution of the produced muons are investigated.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 66–70, February, 1981.     

Bethe-Salpeter wave functions and transition amplitudes for heavy mesons

The most general form of covariant B-S wave functions and the corresponding integral equations for heavy mesons with arbitrary spin and parity are obtained in the infinite mass limit. A general formula for the I-W functions for transitions between states with arbitrary spin-parity and the ground state is given in terms of these wave functions. Using the covariant instantaneous approximation we apply this formulism to calculate I-W functionsr _1/2,r _3/2 and rates of processes in which a or is emitted in the transitions 1^–0^–, 0⁺0^–, 1⁺1^–.     

Magnetic properties on holmium iron garnet in high magnetic field. Optical absorption spectra in the infra-red region

On single crystals of holmium iron garnet (HoIG), magnetic properties have been studied in magnetic field up to 150kOe applied parallel to the main crystallographic directions in the 4.2–300K temperature range. Above 130 K, the magnetization is isotropic and linear magnetic field dependent as previously found in polycrystals and predicted by Néel's ferrimagnetic theory. Nevertheless the paramagnetic Curie temperature is much higher than the polycrystal value. Below 130K, due to the onset of the umbrella structure, the ferrite magnetization presents a non linear field variation with [111] as easy direction. The field evolutions of the anisotropy constants (K ₁ andK ₂) were calculated. Optical absorption measurements of both 5₈5I ₆ and 5I ₈5I ₇ transitions are reported and compared to the results of the literature in terms of inequivalent magnetic sites.     

Processes of associated production of the Higgs boson with the Z boson in a superstrong magnetic field

We compute probabilities for the processes ee+Z+H, and e⁺+e^–Z+H in a superstrong magnetic field. It is shown that the magnetobremsstrahlung of the Higgs boson with the Z boson in the magnetic field Bs>B₀=m²/e=4.41·10¹³ G may be a relatively probable process, and that the superstrong magnetic field significantly influences the process e⁺+e^–Z+H, which is possible even in the absence of the field.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 104–108, January, 1991.The author thanks V. Ch. Zhukovskii and A. V. Borisov for discussions on the results of this work.     

An XeCl* Excimer Fluorescence Study on the Pulse Radiolysis of Xe–nCCl4 and Xe–SOCl2 Systems

The mechanism and kinetics of energy transfer from highly excited Xe states (E _ex > 9.5 eV), generated by a 12-ns electron beam, to chlorine donor molecules were deduced from time-resolved spectra of fluorescence in the region 240–340 nm. The emissions at 240–250 nm were assigned to Xe₂** excimers, and those at 308 and 340 nm to XeCl(B) and XeCl(C) states. Kinetic analysis of the recorded spectra for Xe–CCl₄ and Xe–SOCl₂ gas mixtures at constant xenon pressure and various pressures of molecular admixtures (0.1–1 Torr) allowed us to find the rate constants for the reactions (5) Xe** + RCI products, (6a) Xe** + RCl XeCl(B) + R*, and (6b) Xe** + RCl XeCl(C) + R*, where R is any radical.     

The effect of the crystal field strength on the optical spectra of Cr3+ in gallium garnet laser crystals

We have investigated the basic spectroscopic properties of Cr³⁺-doped gallium garnets. Weak crystal fields (Dq/B=2.39–2.55) lead to broad⁴ T ₂⁴ A ₂ fluorescence in the 700–950 nm range depending on the chemical composition of the crystals. At room temperature the⁴ T ₂⁴ A ₂ transition is homogeneously broadened, whereas the 4 K spectra of the² E⁴ A ₂ transition show inequivalent Cr³⁺ sites and inhomogeneous linewidths of 8 cm^–1 in these laser crystals. From 300 to 4 K, the oscillator strength of the⁴ T ₂⁴ A ₂ transition is reduced by a factor of about 0.6 due to the temperature dependent electron phonon coupling. The transition probability of the² E⁴ A ₂ transition correlates with the energetic position of the⁴ T ₂ level, which is admixed into the² E level via spin-orbit coupling. The comparison of the² E⁴ A ₂ phonon sideband structure in garnets of different chemical compositions allows the assignment of some peaks to GaO₄-tetrahedron modes of the garnet structure.     

The\bar pp \to e^ + e^ - reaction at rest and the hierarchy of the annihilation ranges

A new procedure is devised to evaluate the proton form-factor at the ¯pp threshold from experimental data on ¯ppe ⁺ e ^– annihilation at rest. Comparison of the ¯ppe ⁺ e ^– and¯pp ^+– processes reveals that annihilation ranges for various channels are ranked in line with quark dynamics.This work has been funded in part by the German Federal Minister for Research and Technology (BMFT) under the contract number 06HD756     

Radiation effects in the production and decay of ψ mesons by leptons

A new expression _e is obtained for resonance in the reaction e⁺e^– ar ^+– with allowance for the radiative corrections, which also contain the emission of hard photons by the final leptons and the final value of the energy resolution E. An expression is obtained for the total probability of radiative lepton decay. A numerical analysis of the experimental data is made for the reaction ^+–, and the parameters e⁺e^– (3, 1) e⁺e^–, and _e ² /, _e, and are determined for (3, 1) resonance-with allowance for the radiative corrections.This paper was read (November 17–21, 1975) at a session on high-energy physics of the Department of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 29–34, March, 1977.     

Gluon and quark jets in deep-inelastic scattering of electrons by nucleons

The paper considers the formation of gluon and quark jets in the inelastic scattering of electrons by nucleons with large momentum transfers. It is assumed that these jets are created by the processes e^–+qe^–+q+g and e^–+ g e^–+q+q, where q is a quark and g is a gluon. The angular distributions of gluon and quark jets are calculated in the lowest order in the quark-gluon coupling constant. It is shown that after integration the processes e^–+qe^–+q+g and e^–+g e^–+q+¯q lead to violation of the scaling invariance of deep-inelastic scattering of electrons by nucleons.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshkikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 68–73, September, 1981.     

TheK S 0 →π0 l + l − andK L 0 →π0 l + l − decays in the standard model and the extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model

TheK _S ^{0 0} l ⁺ l ^– andK _L ^{0 0} l ⁺ l ^– decays are considered within the framework of the Standard model in the one-photon exchange approximation, i.e.K _S,L ^{0 0}+ *⁰ +l ⁺ l ^–. To evaluate the low-energy matrix elements of theK ⁰(¯K ⁰)⁰+ * transitions, the constituentquark-loop approximation, based on the extended Nambu-Jona-Lasino (NJL) model, is used. The obtained results are compared with other theoretical estimates and the experimental bounds.     

Vitrification of and optical and photoelectrical properties of AgAsS2, AgSbS2, and AgBiS2

A study is made concerning the photoconductivity, the edge absorption, and the far-infrared spectra of AgAsS₂, AgSbS₂, AgBiS₂ crystals and glasses. The oscillation spectrum of monoclinic smithite (AgAsS₂) and miargyrite (AgSbS₂) is explained here by the presence of As-S, Sb-S, and Ag-S bonds. The rank of symmetry and the degree of bond metallization, which both increase in the order AgAsS₂ AgSbS₂ AgBiS₂, cause the structure of the far-infrared spectra to become simpler and the tendency vitrification to become weaker in the same order.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 39–45, March, 1976.     

Comparison of (π− d→nn withdσ(π+ d→pp) to test charge symmetry in the Δ-region

First results on ^– d are reported. The measurements were made using 8 specially designed neutron counters, which were carefully calibratedin situ. The differential cross sections atT =142, 180, 217, and 254 MeV were obtained at four angles between 0° and 90°, they are compared to ⁺ d pp data measured at the same energies and angles with the same setup. At every beam energy, the shape of the angular distributions of ^– d nn and ⁺ d pp is the same to ±2%. The absolute cross sections differ by 1 to 10%. The error in this comparison is ±4% implying a small violation of charge symmetry.Dedicated to Prof. I. laus on the occasion of his 60th birthdayDeceased     

Isotope selective laser enhancement of the Li+H2 reaction

The enhancement of the Li+H₂LiH+H reaction due to laser excitation of the Li atom to the2p state has been investigated using absorption techniques. Using a rate equation model we obtain from our data a reaction cross-section [Li(2p)+H₂LiH+H]=(0.10±0.03)Ų at 515°C. By selectively exciting one Li isotope the reaction is made isotope selective, suggesting an efficient means of isotope separation.     

Radiation by relativistic dipoles. II

In a continuation of an earlier study, the electromagnetic fields of a point magnetic moment — a magneton — in uniform rectilinear motion, with a given spin precession, are analyzed. It is shown that the same equations can be found through Lorentz transformations from the corresponding expressions in the rest frame. The relationship between the electric and magnetic fieldsE andH radiated by a point magnetic dipole moment and a point electric dipole moment is derived through the use of dual transformations of the electromagnetic field tensor. It is assumed that each moment is in relativistic and otherwise arbitrary motion. In the relativistic case, as in the nonrelativistic case, the switch is accompanied by the replacementsHE, E-H. A covariant formalism is developed for describing the electromagnetic fields in the wave zone. The electromagnetic field tensor associated with the radiation is analyzed.V. V. Kuibyshev Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 73–78, March, 1993.     

Anderson localization in different one-dimensional systems with off-diagonal disorder and spin-dependence

The localization properties of certain spin-dependent, one-dimensional electronic systems with only off-diagonal disorder are studied. In higher dimensions (d=2,3) the models considered would correspond to different universality classes, whereas ford=1 no qualitative difference is found: ForE=0, all eigenstates are exponentially localized, whereas forE0 the localization length diverges logarithmically, such that exactly atE=0 the geometric average of the transmission coefficient would decay with increasing chain lengthL as exp (-const. ·L ^1/2), instead of the usual, exponential decay.ForE=0, in the interior of the band, the localization lengthr ₀ diverges W ₂ ^–2 in the limit of weak disorder (W ₂0), whereas just at the band edge one has roughlyr ₀W ₂ ^–2/3. A universal recursion relation, depending only on the energy and on certain randomly distributed determinants, determines the localization length and the density of states for all systems considered.     

Finite-size effects in a field-theoretic model with long-range exchange interaction

We present a systematic approach to the calculation of finite-size (FS) effects for anO(n) field-theoretic model with both short-range (SR) and long-range (LR) exchange interactions. The LR exchange interaction decays at large distances as 1/r ^d+2–2,0⁺,0⁺. Renormalization group calculations ind=d _u – are performed for a system with a fully finite (block) geometry under periodic boundary conditions. We calculate the FS shift of the critical temperature and the FS renormalized coupling constant of the model to one-loop order. The universal scaling variable is obtained and the FS scaling hypothesis is verified.     

The interplay of theK + K − atom and thef 0(975) resonance

We predict that production of theK ⁺K^– atom inpd ³ He X and similar reactions exhibits a drastic missing mass spectrum due to the interplay withf ₀(975) resonance. We point out that high precision studies of theK ⁺K^– atom may shed a new light on the nature off ₀(975).Communicated by: B. Povh