甲氧苄啶的同步增敏荧光光谱分析法研究

用同步荧光光谱法研究了在溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)和β_环糊精(β_CD)存在时甲氧苄啶的荧光光谱性质,发现CTMAB和β_CD分别对甲氧苄啶有荧光增敏作用,在7.926×10-8~2.378×10-6mol.L-1浓度范围内荧光强度与甲氧苄啶的浓度存在良好的线性关系,样品回收率为99%~100%,建立了在溶液中高选择性和高灵敏度测定甲氧苄啶含量的新方法。     

甲氧苄氨嘧啶的交流示波极谱滴定分析

在弱酸性条件下甲氧苄氨嘧啶与过量的Na -TPB反应生成沉淀 ,用亚铊标准溶液滴定过量的Na -TPB ,由Na -TPB在示波极谱图上的切口消失指示终点 ,从而可测定甲氧苄氨嘧啶的含量。作者研究了各种实验条件 ,拟定了间接测定甲氧苄氨嘧啶的新方法 ,得到了满意的结果。     

高锰酸钾-甲氧苄啶-硫代硫酸钠化学发光反应

在硫酸介质中,高锰酸钾可以氧化甲氧苄啶发生化学发光反应,硫代硫酸钠对这一化学发光反应有极强的增敏作用。采用流动注射技术,建立了高锰酸钾甲氧苄啶硫代硫酸钠化学发光体系测定甲氧苄啶的化学发光新方法．考察了各种影响因素,确立了反应的最佳条件。方法的检出限为３．８×１０－８　ｇ／ｍＬ甲氧苄啶;线性响应范围为１×１０－７～１×１０－５　ｇ／ｍＬ。对４×１０－６　ｇ／ｍＬ甲氧苄啶进行１１次平行测定,相对标准偏差为１．８％。方法已成功地用于片剂中甲氧苄啶含量的测定,结果与药典标准法测得值一致。     

金纳米粒子分光光度法测定药物中甲氧苄啶

利用柠檬酸还原HAuCl_4合成带负电荷的Au纳米粒子(Au NPs),在酸性条件下,带正电荷的甲氧苄啶可与带负电荷的Au NPs发生静电吸引导致Au NPs聚集,溶液颜色由酒红色变为蓝色。据此,建立了检测甲氧苄啶的新方法。在柠檬酸钠-HCl缓冲溶液(pH=3.95)中,反应50 min后,648 nm波长处吸光度与甲氧苄啶浓度在10～150 mg/L范围内成正比关系,检出限为3.5 mg/L。该方法操作简单快速,无需昂贵复杂仪器。可用于片剂中甲氧苄啶的测定,回收率在97.7%～104.1%之间。     

稳健回归解析紫外光度法同时测定磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶

磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶的紫外光谱严重重叠,本文构造和使用两个M估计的新的目标函数导函数Ψ（x)函数,并由此建立两个新稳健回归方法,以此解析重叠的吸收光谱,不经分离紫外分光光度法同时测定磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶,结果满意,为多组分同时测定提供了两个新稳健回归方法。     

稳健回归解析紫外光度法同时测定磺胺甲唑和甲氧苄啶

磺胺甲噁唑和甲氧苄啶的紫外光谱严重重叠,本文构造和使用两个M估计的新的目标函数导函数(x)函数,并由此建立两个新稳健回归方法,以此解析重叠的吸收光谱,不经分离紫外分光光度法同时测定磺胺甲噁唑和甲氧苄啶,结果满意。为多组分同时测定提供了两个新稳健回归方法。     

复方磺胺甲噁唑分散片溶出度方法学研究

建立准确、快速的溶出度测定方法.紫外双波长分光光度法.线性范围磺胺甲噁唑浓度在2.770～16.62μg/mL范围内,r=0.9993;甲氧苄啶浓度在1.260～7.560 μg/mL范围内,r=0.9994;平均回收率分别为磺胺甲噁唑99.65±0.10%,甲氧苄啶100.8±0.55%.本方法能准确、快速地测定复方磺胺甲噁唑分散片的溶出度.     

类模板分子印迹整体柱测定甲氧苄啶的研究

利用三聚氰胺(MAM)与甲氧苄啶(TMP)分子中嘧啶环局部结构类似的特性,以三聚氰胺为类模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,原位聚合法制备了对甲氧苄啶(TMP)有识别作用的分子印迹(MIP)整体柱.在优化的色谱条件下,该印迹整体柱对甲氧苄啶显示出选择性识别作用,而对叶酸、...     

正交投影分光光度法同时测定联磺甲氧苄啶片中的SMZ和TMP

采用正交投影分光光度法同时测定3组分复方药物联磺甲氧苄啶片中磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)和甲氧苄啶(TMP)二组分的含量。SMZ和TMP的平均回收率分别为99,6％和99．4％,测定结果的相对标准差分别为0,75％和0．60％。讨论了波长区间和波长间隔对测定结果的影响。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定青蟹组织中磺胺嘧啶和甲氧苄啶残留

本文在比较检测波长以及不同提取方法的基础上,优化了测定拟穴青蟹血淋巴、肌肉、鳃和肝胰腺等组织中磺胺嘧啶和甲氧苄啶含量的反相高效液相色谱法(RPHPLC)。采用Aglient Zorbax SB-C18柱(150×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈和0.01mol·L~(-1)乙酸铵(乙酸调节pH为3.80)为流动相,柱温35℃;紫外检测波长245nm;进样量10μL,流速1.0mL·min-1。磺胺嘧啶在0.05~10μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9999。甲氧苄啶在0.05~10μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9999。采用乙腈提取青蟹血淋巴、肌肉、肝胰腺和鳃组织中磺胺嘧啶和甲氧苄啶,加标回收率分别为82.26%~95.23%、81.52%~98.59%,日内精密度分别为1.77%~2.53%、1.75%~4.09%,日间精密度分别为2.27%~3.30%、1.95%~4.82%;定量限分别为0.05μg·mL~(-1)、0.05μg·g-1。该方法操作简单,重现性好,药峰无干扰,适用于青蟹样品中磺胺嘧啶和甲氧苄啶含量的同时分析测定。     

Analysis of tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedrae herba by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography

A simple and reliable HPLC method was developed for the determination of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in Ephedrae herba. Further identification of TMP was achieved using GC-MS. The mobile phase used was methanol-water-35% acetic acid (35:65:0.5, v/v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 290 nm. The linear range of the peak area calibration curve of TMP was 2.64-264 mg/l (r=0.9987) and the recovery for TMP in Ephedrae herba extracts was 101.1-106.9%. The relative standard deviations of retention time and peak area were 0.18 and 1.5% (n=6), respectively. The detection limit of TMP was 0.03 mg/l. The contents of TMP in Ephedrae herba could easily be determined within 10 min.     

以局部结构类似物为类模板的分子印迹整体柱在线检测三甲氧苄啶

以三聚氰胺(MAM)为类模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EDMA)为交联剂,聚己二醇(PEG400)为致孔剂,原位聚合法制备了对三甲氧苄啶(TMP)有较强选择性吸附作用的分子印迹(MIP)整体柱.以该MIP整体柱为高效液相色谱柱,考察了其在不同色谱流动相组成条件下对TMP的识别性能.结果显示,MIP整体柱在甲醇、乙腈、水等条件下能够吸附TMP而不出峰.可以利用MIP整体.柱在甲醇-水( 80:20,V/V)中在线选择性吸附(或富集)TMP,然后将流动相转换为甲醇进一步除去疏水性杂质,最后用强洗脱剂洗脱TMP出峰.MIP整体柱线检测人血清中TMP的工作曲线为A=42.8c 3.03(r=0.9994);线性范围为8.3～93.8 mg/L;检出限为0.14 mg/L.     

In vivo microdialysis with ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for analysis of tetramethylpyrazine and its interaction with borneol in rat brain and blood

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been widely used in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. However, the mechanism of TMP and how to increase its bioavailability need to be further explored. In our study, an in vivo microdialysis sampling technique coupled with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP and its interaction with different doses of borneol (BO) in rats. Linearity of TMP in brain and blood dialysates exhibited good linear relationships over the concentration range of 0.991–555.14 ng/mL. The specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability were within acceptable ranges. The results demonstrated that BO had a marked impact on the pharmacokinetic properties of TMP. After co‐administration, the areas under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of TMP in brain and blood were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the peak concentration of TMP in brain was also enhanced. The AUC_Brain/AUC_Blood of TMP, increased from 44% to 56 and 60.8% after co‐administration with BO (15 and 30 mg/kg). The pharmacodynamic results showed that TMP co‐administration with BO enhanced the cerebral blood flow during the period of ischemia and reduced the infarct volume. Overall, it might be an effective way to treat stroke to use TMP co‐administered with BO.     

Simultaneous determination of thymidylate and thymidine diphosphate by capillary electrophoresis as a rapid monitoring tool for thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase activities

A simple and rapid capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of thymidylate (TMP) and thymidine 5'-diphosphate (TDP) in enzyme assays without using radioactive-labeled substrates. Prior to electrophoretic separation, addition of acetonitrile and sodium chloride to the assay solution and brief centrifugation are recommended for the purpose of sample cleanup and sample stacking. The separation of micromolar TMP and TDP from millimolar adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was performed at 25 degrees C using sodium tetraborate as the background electrolyte. Under the optimal condition, a good separation with high efficiency was achieved in 6 min. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the pH of electrolyte, the applied voltage, and acetonitrile-salt sample stacking. The fronting of the ATP peak resulting from the interference of magnesium ion in the enzyme assay buffer was suppressed by the addition of sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate to the sample solution. Using deoxyadenylate as an internal standard, the linear range of the method was 5-200 microM, and the concentration limits of detection of TMP and TDP were 2.6 and 3.8 microM, respectively. Application of the proposed method for simultaneous determination of TMP and TDP in enzyme assays was demonstrated by the activity assays of thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase from white spot syndrome virus. This is a sensitive, nonradioactive method for thymidine kinase and thymidylate kinase assays.     

Chromatographic characterization of molecularly imprinted microspheres for the separation and determination of trimethoprim in aqueous buffers

Molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) against trimethoprim (TMP), prepared by aqueous microsuspension polymerization, bound strongly to TMP, by electrostatic and other non-covalent interactions. The effects of pH, kind and ionic strength (I) of buffer on capacity factors (k') have been discussed in detail. The capacity factors for TMP increased with increasing pH of both acetate and phosphate buffers. The effects of ionic strength on capacity factors were very substantial and the linear relationship between logk' and logI was described by the equation logk'=0.3162-0.4420logI with R=-0.9995. The results showed that pH 3.5 acetate buffer (0.05 mol L(-1)) containing 0.1 mol L(-1) sodium chloride and a 1:9 ratio of buffer to methanol were the optimum conditions for separation and determination of TMP. The calibration plot of peak area against concentration was linear with R=0.9979.     

甲氧苄啶在多壁碳纳米管-Nafion修饰电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法

用循环伏安法(CV),计时库仑法(CC),计时电流法(CA),线性扫描伏安法(LSV)及电流-时间曲线研究了甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim, TMP)在碳纳米管-Nafion修饰电极(MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE)上的电化学行为,电化学动力学性质以及电分析方法.结果表明,TMP在GCE上有一个极弱的氧化峰,而在MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE上出现一个敏锐的氧化峰,表明MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE对TMP电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用.在扫描速度为10～800 mV/s时其氧化峰电流与扫描速度平方根(v1/2)呈良好线性关系,表明TMP在MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE上的伏安行为是受扩散控制的电化学过程.TMP在MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE上氧化峰电流与浓度在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系;检出限为6.6×10-7 mol/L;RSD在0.75%～1 69%之间;加标回收率在98.1%～101.1%之间.本方法简便快捷,测定结果令人满意,可用于TMP的电化学定量测定.     

高效液相色谱法测定麻黄及其制剂中的麻黄类生物碱和川芎嗪

 用RP HPLC分离测定了麻黄及其制剂中的麻黄类生物碱及川芎嗪。采用色谱柱Nova Pak C18(15 0mm×3.9mmi.d .) ,二极管阵列检测器 (DAD)。测定麻黄类生物碱时 ,以甲醇 0 .0 2mol/LKH2 PO4 乙酸 三乙胺 (体积比为 4∶96∶0 .2∶0 .0 1)为流动相 ,在 2 10nm波长下检测 ;测定川芎嗪时 ,以甲醇 水 乙酸 (体积比为 35∶6 5∶0 .5 )为流动相 ,在 2 90nm波长下检测。分别测定了麻黄原药材、中成药 (小儿清肺丸、鹭鸶咳丸 )中麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱、去甲基麻黄碱、去甲基伪麻黄碱和川芎嗪的含量。     

Surface modification of lignocellulosic fibers using high-frequency ultrasound

Enzymatic and chemical oxidation of fiber surfaces has been reported in the literature as a method for producing medium density fiberboards without using synthetic adhesives. This work focuses on modifying the surface properties of wood fibers by the generation of free radicals using high-frequency ultrasound. A sonochemical reactor operating at 610 kHz is used to sonicate the aqueous suspensions of thermomechanical pulp fibers (TMP). TMP is analyzed using FTIR-transmission, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The non-conjugated carbonyl groups in TMP are represented by the peak area ratio A₁₇₃₆/A₁₅₁₁ in the FTIR-transmission spectra and by A₁₇₂₈/A₁₅₀₉ in the FTIR-ATR spectra. The increase in these ratios suggests that there is an increase in the number of non-conjugated carbonyl groups in TMP after sonication. To further investigate, sonication of the hydrolytic lignin was also carried out and analyzed using UV, UV-ionization and FTIR-transmission spectroscopy. The changes in the surface properties of the fibers are analyzed using IGC which showed an increase in the surface free energy of fibers. The effect of operating parameters such as power of ultrasound and sonication time is also studied.     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle‐Graphene Composites for Electroanalysis Applications using Chemical and Electrochemical Methods

An electrochemical device was developed for the simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) using differential pulse voltammetry and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver nanoparticle (AgNP) composites, synthesised using both chemical and electrochemical methods. The morphology and electrochemical behaviour of the GC electrodes modified with the rGO/AgNP (chemical method) and rGO‐AgNP (electrochemical method) composites were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These techniques demonstrated that, in both methods, the graphene oxide was modified by the AgNPs, and the composite synthesised by the electrochemical method showed a better dispersion of the nanoparticles, resulting in an increase in the surface area compared to the rGO/AgNP composite. The GC/rGO‐AgNP electrode was evaluated and optimised for the simultaneous determination of SMX and TMP, achieving detection limits of 0.6 μmol L⁻¹ for the SMX and 0.4 μmol L⁻¹ for the TMP. The proposed GC/rGO‐AgNP electrochemical device was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of SMX and TMP in wastewaters samples.