Biological activity of phytoecdysteroids and their derivatives inin vitro tests onDrosophila melanogaster cells

The specific biological activities of a number of ecdysteroids have been investigated in tests on the inhibition of the growth of a culture ofDrosophila melanogaster cells and in experiments on the induction of the metamorphosis of imaginal disks. Some relationships between structure and biological action have been established.Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 223–226, March–April, 1985.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genus Melandrium I. Polypodin B 22-acetate from Melandrium turkestanicum

Known ecdysteroids — ecdysterone, ecdysterone 22-acetate, polypodin B, integristerone A, and sileneosides A and D — and a new phytoecdysteroid — polypodin B 22-acetate — have been found in the epigeal parts of the plantMelandrium turkestanicum (Rg1.) Vved. (family Caryophyllaceae).Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 480–483, July–August, 1990.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of theSilene genus and the dynamics of their accumulation

The ecdysteroids of four species of the genusSilene L. have been studied. Six ecdysteroids have been isolated and identified, and the dynamics of the accumulation of the ecdysteroids in relation to the phases of development of the plants have been determined.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 718–723, September–October, 1997.     

Phytoecdysteroids of plants of the genusSilene

Ecdysteroids produced by plants of the genusSilene are considered. The discussion covers 17 species of plants, from which 45 ecdysteroids have been isolated. It has been shown that ecdysterone is the most characteristic representative of the biosynthesis of ecdysteroids in theSilene series.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 627–635, September–October, 1993.     

Phytoecdysteroids from the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Silene</Emphasis> genus

Research results on the isolation and identification of ecdysteroids from plants of the Silene L. genus were presented.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 472–475, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Determination of stichoposides in the body of the holothurianStichopus japonicus

A method has been developed for the quantitative determination of triterpene glycosides — stichoposides — in the tissues of the Far Eastern holothurianStichopus japonicus Selenka. The quantitative determination of the combined triterpene glycosides was based on the isolation of a glycosidic fraction from an ethanolic extract on a column of Polikhrom-1 with subsequent spectrophotometry at 268 nm of the product formed as the result of the reaction of the glycosides with 1 N NaOH. The quantitative determination of the individual glycosides is based on the densitometry of slides or thin-layer chromatography in silica gel with the aid of a Lyuman-IUF-1 luminescence microscope.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Pacific Ocean Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 56–59, January–February, 1984.     

Compositions of the lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled from different parts of the body

The composition of the total, the neutral, and the polar lipids of the whitefishCoregonus peled (Gmelin) from different parts of the body — the white muscles of the back and abdomen, the red muscles, the brain, the internal organs, and the fish as a whole — have been studied. The amounts of lipids in these sections were 6.6, 16.1, 20.1, 13.8, 40.0, and 8.4%, respectively. It has been shown that the total and neutral lipids are similar with respect to the main groups of lipids, the bulk of them being represented by triacylglycerols (76.0–82.6%) and phospholipids (2.8–5.8%). The composition of the phospholipids depended substantially on their localization. In the lipids of the white muscles of the back, with a low level of choline-containing lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin predominated. The lipids of the viscera were distinguished by a high content of sphingomyelin. A high level of choline-containing lipids and cerebrosides was found in the tissues of the brain.Tumen' State Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 24–27, January–February, 1985.     

Triterpene and steroid glycosides of the genusMelilotus and their genins III. Funkioside B and protodioscin from the seeds ofMelilotus tauricus

Two steroid glycosides belonging to the furostan series — funkioside B and protodioscin — have been isolated from the seeds of the plantMelilotus tauricus (Bieb.).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 766–770, November–December, 1994.     

Diterpene lactones and iridoid glycosides of plants of the genusLagochilus

The structure of the diterpenoid lagohirsin, found not only in the plant Lagochilus hirsutissimus but also inL. setulosus andL. olgae, has been confirmed by independent synthesis. In L. hirsutissimus new mono- and diacetyllagohirsins have been found together with lagohirsin itself. Iridoid glycosides — harpagide and its 8-O acetate — have been found for the first time in plants of the genus Lagochilus.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 33–37, January–February, 1994.     

Structure of the glycosides of Asparagus officinalis

Summary From the culture liquid of the mutant strains 47 and 48 ofAct. olivovariabilis a new o-naphthoquinone — olivovarin — has been isolated. Structure (I) is proposed for it.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Antibiotics. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 339–344, May–June, 1975.     

Alkaloids of a new type fromSophora alopecuroides L.

Summary The structures of aloperine and allylaloperine (fromSophora alopecuroides L.) — alkaloids of a new structural type for the genusSophora — have been established by chemical and spectral methods. A number of parameters, NMR spectra, and mass spectra characterizing this class of compounds has been obtained. The partial synthesis of allylaloperine has been performed.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 30–37, January–February, 1975.     

Triterpene and steroid glycosides of the genusMelilotus and their genins IV. Trillin and dioscin from the seeds ofMelilotus tauricus

Two steroid glycosides belonging to the spirostan series — trillin and dioscin — have been isolated from the seeds of the plantMelilotus tauricus (Bieb.) Ser.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 770–772, November–December, 1994.     

Stereochemistry of alkhanin and alkhanol

The stereochemistry of alkhanin and alkhanol — sesquiterpene lactones isolated fromArtemisia fragrans — has been established.V. L. Komarov Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaidzhan SSR, Baku. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 488–490, July–August, 1979.     

Synthesis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers of marine origin

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers — antimicrobial metabolites of the marine spongeDysidea fragilis — have been obtained by the reaction of 2,3,5-tribromonitrobenzene with 3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenol and the reaction of brominated diphenyliodonium salts with brominated phenols.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 352–354, May–June, 1993.     

Chemical investigation of the biomass of a culture of ginseng cells. IV. Quantitative analysis of the ginsenosides of the total glycosidic fraction by the HPLC method

The total glycosidic fractions of four samples of ginseng cell cultures have been analyzed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and it has been shown that only the BIO-2 samples contained ginsenosides — protopanaxadiol derivatives. The concentrations of these ginsenosides in the biomass of the cell culture was considerably lower than in the natural root. Samples of the biomass of a culture of cells of the IFRZh-1 strains contained no ginsenosides.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek SSR Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Biochemical Machinery Design, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 361–363, May–June, 1990.     

Coumarins and esters ofFerula microcarpa

Summary 1. In addition to known compounds, a new terpenoid coumarin has been isolated fromFerula microcarpa — fecarpin, which is the stereoisomer of kamolol in relation to the orientation of the hydroxy group.2. Microferin and microferinin — esters of a new guaiane alcohol microferol with p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids, respectively — have been isolated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 566–570, September–October, 1978.     

A new plant growth regulator of microbial origin

A new plant growth regulator — an inhibitor of the germination of mustard seeds — has been isolated from a culture filtrate of a phytopathogenic fungus of the genusPhoma. The methyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives of this compound have been obtained. Its empirical formula — C₁₆H₂₂O₅ — has been determined. On the basis of the results of IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the compound isolated has been assigned the structure of 3,5-dihydroxy-2-octanoylphenylacetic acid.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Applied Molecular Biology and Genetics. V. I. Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii No. 3, pp. 387–391, May–June, 1985.     

Structure of shonachalin D — A new elemanolide

The structure of a new elemanolide — shonachalin D fromArtemisia fragrans — has been established on the basis of IR and NMR spectra.V. L. Komarov Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, of the USSR, Baku. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. lk pp. 101–104, January–February, 1987.     

The structure of xeroferin

Summary From the roots ofFerula xeromorpha Eug. Kor. (xeromorphic giantfennel) an ester of undescribed alcohol — himachal-2-ene-4,7-diol — and isovanillic acid has been isolated.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 581–584, September–October, 1978.