La-Mo系列复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂的制备

在催化研究领域，人们一直在寻找新的高效催化剂，由于超细微粒催化剂具有高比表面和表面能，活性点多，因而其催化活性和选择性大大高于传统催化剂．目前，催化工作者已在超细微粒催化剂的应用和开发方面做了许多有益的工作［’－’］；但是作为烃类选择氧化中研究较多的白钨矿（CaW。）结构的超细微粒催化剂报导甚少＊．文献报导La－Mo二元复合氧化物具有优良的甲苯选择氧化性能问．本工作采用溶胶一凝胶法，制得具有白鹤矿结构的La－Mo二元复合氧化物超细微粒，并初步探讨了制备条件对LaMo二元复合氧化物超细微粒组成、结构、粒子大…     

Co-Ce-O超细微粒催化剂的结构与催化性能

应用ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＢＥＴ表面积测试和微型催化反应装置研究了Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂结构及其４－甲基苯酚（ＰＭＰ）选择氧化制４－羟基苯甲醛（ＰＨＢ）的催化性能,结果表明Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂的选择氧化催化活性与催化剂粒子大小、组成和结构密切相关,在Ｃｏ／（Ｃｏ＋Ｃｅ）原子比为０．３３时选择氧化催化活性达极大值,Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂优良的选择氧化催化活性不仅仅是因为其粒子较小、比表面积较大,而且还因为高分散粒催化剂优良的选择氧化催化活性不仅仅是因为其粒子较小、比表面积较大、而且还因为高分散的Ｃｏ、Ｃｅ组份发生了相互作用,催化剂具有较主贩表面吸附态氧物浓度,经高温（〉５００℃）处理,Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ复合氧化物超细微粒发生烧结、比表面积减小且Ｃｏ－Ｃｅ相互作用遭到     

钴铬复合氧化物超细微粒的制备,结构及其催化性能

钴铬复合氧化物超细微粒的制备、结构及其催化性能刘常坤，申永存，奚强（武汉化工学院精细化工系武汉４３００７３）关键词钴铬复合氧化物，超细微粒，催化剂，制备，结构，催化氧化，三甲苯酚，三甲苯醌２，３，６－三甲苯酚（ＴＭＰ）的氧化产物之一２，３，６－三甲苯...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Fe2(MoO4)3超微粒子催化剂

以硝酸铁和钼酸铵为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法和微波加热技术制备了F 2(MoO4)3超微子催化剂，使用DTA－TG，IR，XRD以及BET比表面测试等手段，考察了制备条件对复合氧化物超微粒子形成、晶相和比表面积的影响。同时测试了该样品对甲苯选择性氧化制苯甲醛的催化性能。结果表明：制备Fe2(MoO4)2超微粒子的适宜条件为：初始溶液pH=1.0,mol柠檬酸：mol(铁＋钼）＝0．4。在此条件下制得的干凝胶，经微波加热处理后粒子的比表面积为36.4m^2/g，粒径约为35nm。在由甲苯气相选择氧化制苯甲醛的反应中表现出较高的催化活性。     

Co－B非晶态合金超细微粒催化剂的研究

Ｃｏ－Ｂ非晶态合金超细微粒催化剂的研究姚凯文，范以宁，陈懿，李新生（南京大学化学系，南京２１００９３；中国科学院大连化学物理研究所催化基础国家重点实验室，大连１１６０２３）关键词非晶态，超细微粒，钴基合金，硼合金，一氧化碳，加氢非晶态合金超细微粒兼有...     

钒钼复合氧化物表面上激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

表面反应;钒钼复合氧化物表面上激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸     

Fe2(MoO4)3超细微粒催化剂的制备

近年来，超细微粒因其具有明显的体积效应和表面效应已被广泛应用于陶瓷、光学、电磁、生物、染料、医药、农业等领域［‘，‘l其中复合氧化物超细微粒是近年来国内外正致力开发的一种新型催化材料，有关这类材料的制备、表征和催化性能的研究有重要的理论和实际意义．文献报导     

丙烷选择氧化的铋钼复合氧化物催化剂结构和催化性能

 应用X射线衍射（XRD）,傅里叶变换激光拉曼光谱（FT－LRS）和微型催化反应装置等测试手段研究了丙烷选择氧化的Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂的结构和催化性能．结果表明,Bi组分是丙烷催化氧化脱氢为丙烯的主要活性组分,而丙烯醛选择性的大小与Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂的组成和结构密切相关．不同组成的Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂在丙烷转化率（～28．0％）相近的情况下,其丙烯醛选择性随Mo／（Mo＋Bi）原子比的增加先逐渐增加,在Mo／（Mo＋Bi）原子比为0．50时达极大值（～28．1％）．随Mo／（Mo＋Bi）原子比进一步增加,丙烯醛选择性又急剧下降．XRD和FT－LRS结果表明,Bi2O3和MoO3之间可形成二元Bi－Mo－O晶相固溶体,从而显著提高了催化剂对选择氧化反应的催化性能．尤其是当α－Bi2（MoO4）3和γ－Bi2MoO6两相共存时,Bi－Mo复合氧化物催化剂具有较优良的选择氧化催化性能．γ－Bi2MoO6参与了α－Bi2（MoO4）3对丙烷的选择氧化,加速了选择氧化活性氧物种的再生．     

具有优良结构稳定性的Ni73P11B16非晶态合金超细微粒

具有优良结构稳定性的Ｎｉ_（７３）Ｐ_（１１）Ｂ_（１６）非晶态合金超细微粒范以宁，胡征，许昭怡，陈懿（南京大学化学系，南京，２１０００８）关键词非晶态，ＮｉＰＢ合金，超细微粒，结构稳定性非晶态合金催化剂以其优良的催化性能而引起人们的广泛关注［１］。在?..     

稀土和碱土钼氧化物上甲烷选择氧化

白钨石ABO_4复合氧化物在烯烃氧化中起着重要作用,但在烷烃催化氧化中的研究并不多,有关稀土氧化物催化剂的研究则更少。本文以Mg、La、Ce、Eu的钼酸盐作为甲烷选择氧化催化剂,每种催化剂制成不同A/B值系列,以考察催化剂结构和氧化活性的关系。     

Ce_2Mo_3O_(12)超微粒子的制备及催化性能

以硝酸铈和钼酸铵为原料 ,采用溶胶 -凝胶法和微波加热技术制备了Ce2 Mo3 O12 超微粒子催化剂 ,使用DTA -TG ,IR ,XRD以及BET比表面测试等表征手段 ,考察了制备条件对复合氧化物超微粒子形成 ,晶相和比表面积的影响 .同时 ,测试了该样品对甲苯选择性氧化制苯甲醛反应的催化性能 .结果表明 :制备Ce2 Mo3 O12 超微粒子的适宜条件为 :初始溶液pH =1.0 ,柠檬酸 / (铈 +钼 )摩尔比等于 0 .4 ,在此条件下制得的干凝胶 ,经微波加热处理后 ,粒子的比表面积为 35 .8m2 /g ,粒径约为 4 0nm .在由甲苯气相选择氧化制苯甲醛的反应中表现出较好的催化活性     

Acetalization of glycerol using mesoporous MoO3/SiO2 solid acid catalyst

Acetalization of glycerol with various aldehydes has been carried out using mesoporous MoO₃/SiO₂ as a solid acid catalyst. A series of MoO₃/SiO₂ catalysts with varying MoO₃ loadings (1–20 mol%) were prepared by sol–gel technique using ethyl silicate-40 and ammonium heptamolybdate as silica and molybdenum source respectively. The sol–gel derived samples were calcined at 500 °C and characterized using various physicochemical characterization techniques. The XRD of the calcined samples showed the formation of amorphous phase up to 10 mol% MoO₃ loading and at higher loading of crystalline α-MoO₃ on amorphous silica support. TEM analyses of the materials showed the uniform distribution of MoO₃ nanoparticles on amorphous silica support. Raman spectroscopy showed the formation of silicomolybdic acid at low Mo loading and a mixture of α-MoO₃ and polymolybdate species at high Mo loadings. Moreover the Raman spectra of intermediate loading samples also suggest the presence of β-MoO₃. Acetalization of glycerol with benzaldehyde was carried out using series of MoO₃/SiO₂ catalysts with varying MoO₃ loadings (1–20 mol%). Among the series, MoO₃/SiO₂ with 20 mol% MoO₃ loadings was found to be the most active catalyst in acetalization under mild conditions. Maximum conversion of benzaldehyde (72%) was obtained in 8 h at 100 °C with 60% selectivity for the six-membered acetal using 20% MoO₃/SiO₂. Interestingly with substituted benzaldehydes under same reaction conditions the conversion of aldehydes decreased with increase in selectivity for six-membered acetals. These results indicate the potential of this catalyst for the acetalization of glycerol for an environmentally benign process.     

MoO3 Nanobelt-Modified HMCM-49 Zeolite with Enhanced Dispersion of Mo Species and Catalytic Performance for Methane Dehydro-Aromatization

The methane dehydro-aromatization reaction (MDA) is a promising methane valorization process due to the conversion of methane to value-added aromatics (benzene, toluene and naphthalene). However, one of the major disadvantages of utilizing zeolite in MDA is that the catalyst is rapidly inactivated due to coke formation, which eventually causes the activity and aromatic selectivity to decrease. Consequently, the process is not conducive to large-scale industrial applications. The reasonable control of Mo site distribution on the zeolite surface is the key factor for partially inhibiting the coking of the catalyst and improving stability. Here, MoO₃ nanobelts can be used for alternative Mo precursors to prepare MDA catalysts. Catalysts modified with MoO₃ nanobelts present higher activity (13.4%) and benzene yield (9.2%) than those catalysts loaded with commercial MoO₃.     

Enhanced sulfur‐resistant methanation performance over MoO3–ZrO2 catalyst prepared by solution combustion method

Sulfur‐resistant methanation of syngas was studied over MoO₃–ZrO₂ catalysts at 400°C. The MoO₃–ZrO₂ solid‐solution catalysts were prepared using the solution combustion method by varying MoO₃ content and temperature. The 15MoO₃–ZrO₂ catalyst achieved the highest methanation performance with CO conversion up to 80% at 400°C. The structure of ZrO₂ and dispersed MoO₃ species was characterized using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The energy‐dispersive spectrum of the 15MoO₃–ZrO₂ catalyst showed that the solution combustion method gave well‐dispersed MoO₃ particles on the surface of ZrO₂. The structure of the catalysts depends on the Mo surface density. It was observed that in the 15MoO₃–ZrO₂ catalyst the Mo surface density of 4.2 Mo atoms nm^?2 approaches the theoretical monolayer capacity of 5 Mo atoms nm^?2. The addition of a small amount of MoO₃ to ZrO₂ led to higher tetragonal content of ZrO₂ along with a reduction of particle size. This leads to an efficient catalyst for the low‐temperature CO methanation process.     

The selective catalytic oxidation of toluene

It was found for the first time that the selectivity of toluene transformations into benzaldehyde and benzoic acid decreased and into maleic anhydride and deep oxidation products increased as the ability of vanadium-containing catalysts of toluene oxidation to generate the singlet form of molecular oxygen grew. A scheme of the formation of the products of toluene oxidation with oxygen was suggested. Quinones were shown to be final rather than intermediate oxidation products. The selectivity of the reaction with respect to mild oxidation products in the presence of V₂O₅, MoO₃, and V₂O₅ · MoO₃ could be increased by changing the temperature of catalyst preparation from 400 to 500°C.     

Methodical aspects in the surface analysis of supported molybdena catalysts

Supported molybdena catalysts, with TiO₂, CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ supports, were studied by XPS and ISS. It was found that reliable results are obtained only when samples are calcined and transferred into the ultrahigh vacuum system without further contact with the ambient atmosphere (‘in situ calcination’). This applies also to catalysts that were previously calcined but had been stored in the ambient atmosphere. Supported Mo oxide becomes reduced under x‐ray irradiation during extended XPS data acquisition. A slight decrease of the Mo/support cation intensity ratio as a consequence of this reduction was detected by ISS in MoO₃/TiO₂ and MoO₃/CeO₂, therefore ISS analysis should be performed on freshly calcined samples without prior extended exposure to x‐rays. Because ISS spectra change rapidly due to sputtering, a correct analysis of the surface properties of the supported Mo catalyst requires extrapolation of the trend to the start of the experiment. It was established by this methodology that the surface of a 7% MoO₃/TiO₂ catalyst (5.3 Mo nm^?2) is completely covered by a monolayer of Mo oxide species, and no Ti cation is exposed. In a submonolayer MoO₃/CeO₂ catalyst the exposed support could be detected, as expected, whereas in an MoO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst with an Mo oxide loading equal to the monolayer coverage a slight exposure of the Al support cation also was noted probably because of the high curvature of the smaller Al₂O₃ particles. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structure and properties of composite nanomaterials: Products of the thermal treatment of molybdenum- and iron-containing powders

Samples of composite nanomaterials obtained by the thermal treatment of mixtures of MoO₃ nano-dispersed powder and ultrafine powder of Mo with precipitate from removing iron from groundwater are studied by means of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The structure of these samples (phase composition, average crystallite size, microdistortions (microstresses) of their crystal lattices, and certain texture parameters) are determined. It is suggested that under certain conditions, shells from the nanoparticles of Mo and/or MoO₃ are formed on the surface of sediment particles, preventing the identification of iron-containing phases. Estimates are made of the sorption activity of some materials with respect to carbon monoxide (CO).     

Efficient epoxidation of terminal and internal alkenes using t-butylhydroperoxide catalysed by polybenzimidazole-supported Mo(VI).(PBI.Mo)

A polybenzimidazole-supported Mo complex (PBI.Mo) has been prepared by a method already reported. Extensive investigation of digestion procedures has shown a dry-ashing method using NaNO₃/HNO₃ (conc.) at 560°C to be an optimal method for preparing samples for Mo analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometric methodology. Mo loadings in the range 1.32–0.62 mmol Mo g⁻¹ polymer were demonstrated. PBI.Mo has been used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the epoxidation of cyclohexene, methylene-cyclohexane, 4-vinyl cyclohexene, styrene, 1,3-pentadiene and allyl chloride, bromide and alcohol using t-butylhydroperoxide as the oxidant. The catalyst is very effective for the first four substrates, somewhat less active than soluble MoO₂acac₂, but providing final yields and purity of products generally better than using MoO₂acac₂. The 1,3-pentadiene displays an overall conversion of ∼35% with a distribution of the four possible monoepoxide isomers similar to that obtained with MoO₂acac₂ as catalyst. The allylic substrates showed poor conversion probably as a result of secondary (oligomerisation) reactions involving the epoxide products. Running the epoxidations for extended periods in air allows in situ generation of alkyl hydroperoxides in the case of cyclohexene and 4-vinylcyclohexene and these are then effective internal oxidants for further Mo catalysed epoxidation of these alkenes. When run under anaerobic conditions the reactions are very clean with no evidence of any free radical processes contributing. In all cases Mo leaching is minimal. Good activity is seen in the recycling of PBI.Mo in the case of styrene and 1,3-pentadiene, although with cyclohexene and 4-vinylcyclohexene steady deactivation is seen, probably as a result of catalyst fouling. Thermogravimetric analyses suggest that it might be possible to burn off the foulant without destroying the catalyst.