Diisophorone and related compounds. Part 11. A partial aromatisation of diisophorone

Hydrochloric acid in boiling glacial acetic acid converts 8-bromodiisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol-3-one or its 4-bromo-isomer into 6-methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7)-3,5-triene-1,3-diol by aromatisation of ring A. Subsequent bromination occurs successively in the phenolic C-4 and the bridgehead C-1 positions, resulting finally in 1,4-dibromo-6-methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7)3,5-trien-3-ol, the structure of which is confirmed by an X-ray analysis. The crystals of this dibromo-derivative are monoclinic,a=16.874 (2),b=8.7342 (11),c=11.7364 (11) Å, =96.418°,Z=4, space group P2₁/n. The structure was solved byPatterson andFourier syntheses and was refined by full matrix least squares procedures toR=0.031 andR _w =0.036 for 1 598 observed reflections. The structure of the 6-methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-trien-3-ols thus established provides a basis for amending certain structural assignments recorded in the literature.

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen, 11. Mitt.: Eine teilweise Aromatisierung von Diisophoron

Zusammenfassung 8-Bromdiisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol-3-on und dessen 4-Brom-Isomer werden von kochender Salzsäure in Eisessig unter Aromatisierung des Rings A in 6-Methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-trien-1,3-diol umgewandelt. Weitere Bromierung erfolgt stufenweise in der C-4- und C-1-Stellung; die Konstitution des Endproduktes [1,4-Dibrom-6-methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-trien-3-ol] wurde durch eine Röntgen-Strukturanalyse gesichert. Die Kristalle der Dibrom-Verbindung sind monoklin, Raumgruppe P2₁/n,a=16,874 (2),b=8,7342(11),c=11,7364 (11) Å, =96,418°,Z=4. Das Phasenproblem wurde mittelsPatterson- undFourier-Synthese bestimmt, und die Struktur nach der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate im Vollmatrix-Verfahren bis zu einem kristallographischenR-Faktor vonR=0,031 undR _w =0,036 für 1598 Reflektionen verfeinert. Die so bewiesene Konstitution der 6-Methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-trien-3-ole bildet die Grundlage für die Berichtigung einiger früher von anderer Seite veröffentlichten Struktur-Zuteilungen.

     

Diisophorone and related compounds,part 16.13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 5,11-bisnordiisophorones

The¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a number of 5,11-bisnordiisophorones have been mapped and assigned. The results indicate that compounds of this structure usually consist of mixtures of two stereoisomers, the existence of which is ascribed to the different conformation of their ring A and the 5-methyl group attached to it. Further stereochemical implications of the spectrometric observations are discussed.

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen, 16. Mitt.:¹³C-NMR von 5,11-Bisnordiisophoronen

Zusammenfassung Die¹³C-Kernresonanzspektren einiger 5,11-Bisnordiisophorone wurden aufgenommen und die Signale dem Kohlenstoffgerüst zugeordnet. Nach diesen Messungen bestehen die Verbindungen dieser Reihe gewöhnlich aus zwei Stereoisomeren, deren Vorkommen auf Konformationsunterschiede ihres Rings A und der daran haftenden 5-Methylgruppe zurückzuführen ist. Weitere stereochemische Folgerungen werden auf Grund der spektrometrischen Beobachtungen erörtert.

     

Diisophorone and related compounds. Part 12 Synthesis of 4-bromodiisophorones and their reactions with nucleophiles

4-Bromodiisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol-3-one (2) is accessible by the action of hydrobromic acid on 2,7-epoxydiisophoran-1-ol-3-one (1), and is convertible into the corresponding 1-carboxylic acid (9) by theKoch-Haaf reaction. Nucleophilic substitution displaces the halogen in both the 4-bromoketol (2) and the 4-bromoketo-acid (9). Amongst the products thus obtained, 4-hydroxy-1-carboxydiisophor-2(7)-en-3-one (11) is of special interest as a source of the 3,4-diketo-1-carboxylic acid (13).

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen, 12. Mitt.: Synthese von 4-Bromdiisophoronen und ihre Reaktion mit Nucleophilen

Zusammenfassung 4-Bromdiisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol-3-on (2) ist durch Einwirkung von Bromwasserstoffsäure auf 2,7-Epoxydiisophoran-1-ol-3-on (1) erhältlich und wird mittels derKoch-Haaf-Reaktion zur entsprechenden 1-Carbonsäure (9) umgesetzt. Durch nucleophile Reagenzien wird das Halogen sowohl im 4-Bromketol (2) als auch in der 4-Bromoketosäure (9) substituiert. Unter den so erhältlichen Produkten ist das 4-Hydroxy-1-carboxydiisophor-2(7)-en-3-on als Ausgangsmaterial für die 3,4-Diketo-1-säure (13) von zusätzlichem Interesse.

     

Diisophorone and related compounds. Part 15 2,7-Epoxydiisophoranes: Oxirane cleavage byGrignard reagents

Grignard reagents cleave the oxirane ring of 2,7-epoxydiisophoran-1-ol producing diisophor-7-ene-1,2-diol, the formulation of which is in accord with its¹³C-nmr spectrum, and its further reactions. It yields a 1,2-cyclic sulphite ester, a 7,8-epoxide, and is converted into 1-acetoxydiisophora-2,7-diene by acetic anhydride, and into diisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol by successive dehydration and hydrogenation. Its allylic hydroxylation by selenium dioxide is attended by dehydration, producing moderate yields of diisophora-2,7-diene-1,6-diol.

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen. 15. Mitt. 2,7-Epoxydiisophorane: Oxiranspaltung mittelsGrignard-Verbindungen

Zusammenfassung 2,7-Epoxydiisophoran-1-ol wird vonGrignard-Verbindungen unter Spaltung des Oxiranringes in Diisophor-7-en-1,2-diol umgewandelt, dessen Struktur durch sein¹³C-Kernresonanz-Spektrum und seine weiteren Umsetzungen bewiesen wird: Es bildet einen cyklischen 1,2-Sulphit-Ester, ein 7,8-Epoxyd, und wird von Essigsäureanhydrid in 1-Acetoxydiisophora-2,7-dien sowie durch aufeinanderfolgende Wasserabspaltung und katalytische Hydrierung in Diisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol umgewandelt. Hydroxylierung in Allyl-Stellung durch Selendioxyd ergibt unter gleichzeitiger Wasserabspaltung geringe Ausbeuten von Diisophora-2,7-dien-1,6-diol.

     

Diisophorone and related compounds. Part 13 Nucleophilic reactions of 8-bromodiisophorone-1-carboxylic acid

8-Bromo-1-carboxydiisophor-2(7)-en-3-one is obtainable from diisophorone by successive monobromination andKoch-Haaf carboxylation, performed in either sequence. Nucleophilic replacement of its 8-bromo-substituent by acetolysis or methanolysis occurs with simultaneous migration, resulting in the 4-acetoxy- or 4-methoxy-compounds, respectively. In contrast, alkaline hydrolysis yields the 8-hydroxy-compound as main-product; this serves as the precursor of 3,8-diketodiisophor-2(7)-ene-1-carboxylic acid. The configuration of the 4- and 8-substituents is tentatively assigned on the basis of i.r. spectral data.

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen, 13. Mitt.: Nucleophile Reaktionen von 8-Bromdiisophoron-1-carbonsäure

Zusammenfassung 8-Brom-1-carboxydiisophor-2(7)-en-3-on ist aus Diisophoron durch Monobromierung undKoch-Haaf-Carboxylierung zugänglich; die Reaktionen sind in beliebiger Reihenfolge ausführbar. Nucleophiler Austausch des 8-Brom-Substituenten durch Acetolyse und Methanolyse erfolgt unter gleichzeitiger Isomerisierung, wobei 4-Acetoxy- oder Methoxy-Verbindungen entstehen. Im Gegensatz dazu liefert alkalische Hydrolyse hauptsächlich die 8-Hydroxyl-Verbindung; diese dient als Ausgangsmaterial für die Darstellung der 3,8-Diketodiisophor-2(7)-en-1-carbonsäure. Vorläufige Konfigurationen der 4- und 8-Substituenten werden auf Grund von IR-Spektren vorgeschlagen.

     

Diisophorone and related compounds. Part 17 synthesis and nucleophilic reactions of 4,8-dibromodiisophorones

4,8-Dibromodiisophor-2(7)-en-l-ol-3-one is obtained by dibromination of the parent ketol, or by monobromination of the 4- or 8-bromo-analogues. It is converted, byKoch-Haaf carboxylation, into 4,8-dibromodiisophor-2(7)-en-3-one-1-carboxylic acid, which is also accessible by bromination of the appropriate preformed diisophorone-1-carboxylic acids. The existence of the dibromoketol in two stereoisomeric forms is traced to conformational differences of its 4-substituent.Acetolysis of the 4,8-dibromo-1-carboxylic acid or its methyl ester occurs exclusively at the 8-position, but hydrazinolysis removes both halogen substitutents, with formation of 4-hydrazono-diisophorones. The¹³C-nmr spectra reflect the structural and conformational changes. A general fragmentation pattern accounts for the behaviour of the individual compounds under electron impact.

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen. 17. Mitt. Synthese und nucleophile Reaktionen von 4,8-Dibromdiisophoronen

Zusammenfassung 4,8-Dibromdiisophor-2(7)-en-l-ol-3-on wird durch Dibromierung des Stamm-Ketols oder durch Monobromierung seiner 4- oder 8-Monobrom-Derivate erhalten. MittelsKoch-Haaf Carboxylierung wird es in die entsprechende 1-Carbonsäure umgewandelt, die auch durch Bromierung von vorgebildeten Carbonsäuren zugänglich ist. Stereoisomere Formen des Dibromketols unterscheiden sich durch die Konformation ihres 4-Substituenten.Die Acetolyse der 4,8-Dibrom-1-carbonsäure beschränkt sich auf ihren 8-Substituenten; Hydrazinolyse entfernt hingegen beide Halogen-Atome unter Bildung von 4-Hydrazono-diisophoronen. Die¹³C-Kernresonanz-Spektren stimmen mit den Struktur- und Konfigurations-Änderungen überein. Das massenspektrometrische Verhalten der verschiedenen Verbindungen wird an Hand eines allgemeinen Fragmentations-Schemas erörtert.

     

Diisophorone and related compounds. Part 19 Synthesis and reactions of 6,8-dibromodiisophorones

Novel 6,8-dibromo-derivatives of diisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol-3-one and the corresponding 1-carboxylic acid methyl ester are readily accessible by the action of 2 mol of N-bromosuccinimide on the respective parent compounds. Treatment with alkali converts the 6,8-dibromo-ketol, by a simultaneous 8-substitution and ring A-aromatisation, into 6-methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-triene-1,3,8-triol; acetolysis and methanolysis produce the corresponding 8-acetoxy- and 8-methoxy-compounds. The 6,8-dibromo-1-carboxylic acid reacts analogously, with the added option of 1,3-lactone formation. The assigned¹³C-nmr spectra and fragmentation patterns of the new compounds are in accord with their proposed formulation.

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen, 19. Mitt.: Synthese und Reaktionen von 6,8-Dibromdiisophoronen

Zusammenfassung Neuartige 6,8-Dibrom-Abkömmlinge des Diisophor-2(7)-en-1-ol-3-ons und der entsprechenden 1-Carbonsäure (als Methylester) sind durch Einwirkung von 2 mol N-Bromsuccinimid auf die betreffende Grundverbindung leicht zugänglich. Bei der Umsetzung des 6,8-Dibromketols mit Alkalien entsteht 6-Methyl-5-nordiisophora-2(7),3,5-trien-1,3,8-triol, unter gleichzeitiger 8-Substituierung und Ring-A-Aromatisierung. Acetolyse und Methanolyse ergeben die entsprechenden 8-Acetoxy- und 8-Methoxy-Verbindungen. Die 6,8-Dibrom-1-carbonsäure reagiert analog, mit weiterer Möglichkeit zur 1,3-Lacton-Bildung. Die¹³C-Kernresonanz-und Massenspektren der neuen Verbindungen stehen mit den Strukturzuordnungen im Einklang.

     

Diisophorone and related compounds. Part 18 ring contraction in diisophorone by theFavorski reaction

The action of strong alkalis or alkoxides on 4,8-dibromo-1-carboxydiisophor-2(7)-en-3-one produces 1,3-dicarboxyneodiisophora-2,7-diene (or its esters) by a ring-contraction of theFavorski-type; the products are derivatives of tricyclo[6.3.1.0^2,6]dodecane. Hydriodic acid converts the dienedioic acid by partial saturation of the conjugated 2,7-diene system into the 2(7)-mono-olefinic dioic acid; the carboxyl groups of both series of compounds undergo esterification, anhydride formation and reduction in the normal manner. The¹³C nmr spectra of the novel ring-contracted compounds are interpreted, chiefly by reference to those of their diisophorone-precursors, as are their fragmentation patterns under electron impact.

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Diisophoron und verwandte Verbindungen, 18. Mitt.: Ringverengung in Diisophoron mittelsFavorski Reaktion

Zusammenfassung 4,8-Dibromdiisophor-2(7)-en-3-on-1-carbonsäure wird von Alkalien oder Natriumalkoholaten durch eineFavorski-artige Ringverengung in Neodiisophora-2,7-dien-1,3-dicarbonsäure (oder deren Ester) verwandelt; die Reaktionsprodukte sind Abkömmlinge des Tricyclo[6.3.1.0^2,6] dodekans. Partielle Sättigung der konjugierten Doppelbindungen mittels Iodwasserstoffsäure ergibt die entsprechenden 2(7)-Mono-olefine. Veresterung, Anhydridbildung und Reduktion der Carboxylgruppen beider Verbindungsreihen verlaufen normal. Die¹³C-Kernresonanz-und Massenspektren der neuen Strukturen werden auf Grund bekannter Spektren der verwandten Diisophoron-Reihe gedeutet.

     

Di-isophorone and related compounds. Part 8 1-aminodi-isophorane dericatives

The interaction of 1-chlorodi-isophor-2(7)-en-3-one or its 5.11-bisnor-homologue with potassium phthalimide yields the corresponding 1-phthalimido-compounds, which are converted into the 1-amines on treatment with hydrazine, followed by hydrolysis. 1-Aminodi-isophor-2(7)-ene is not accessible by this route, but its N-acyl-derivatives are obtainable directly from 1-hydroxydi-isophor-2(7)-ene by theRitter reaction; the 3-keto-analogue reacts similarly. Some properties of the novel 1-aminodi-isophoranes are described.Die Einwirkung von Phthalimid-Kalium auf 1-Chlor-di-isophor-2(7)-en-3-on oder sein 5,11-Bis-nor-Homolog ergibt die entsprrechenden 1-Phthalimido-Ver Verbindungen, aus welchen durch Behandlung mit Hydrazin und darauffolgende Hydrolyse die primären 1-Amine erhältlich sind. 1-Amino-di-isophor-2(7)-en ist auf diese Weise nicht darstellbar, aber seine N-Acyl-derivate sind direkt aus 1-Hydroxy-di-isophor-2(7)-en mittels derRitter-Reaktion zugänglich; die analoge 3-Keto-verbindung reagiert ebenso. Einige Eigenschaften der neuen 1-Amino-di-isophorane werden beschrieben.Part 7:Kurzer, F., Morgan, A. R., Mh. Chem.112, 129 (1981).     

Di-isophorone and related compounds. Part 9 1-(substituted)aminodi-isophoranes and their cyclodehydration products

The interaction of 1-chlorodi-isophor-2(7)-en-3-one (or its 5,11-bisnorhomologue) with aromatic, heteroaromatic, or saturated heterocyclic amines produces 1-(substituted)aminodi-isophor-2(7)-3n-3-ones by nucleophilic replacement of the bridgehead halogen. Subsequent cyclodehydration affords, in certain examples, substituted 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H,9h-5,8a-methanocycloocta[gh]phenanthridines (2,3-dehydro-1-anilinodi-isophor-2,7-dien-3-ols). Some physical and chemical properties of these novel amines and condensed pentacylic bases are described.Part 8,Allen, A. A., Kurzer, F., Mh. Chem.112, 617 (1978).     

Di-isophorone and related compounds. Part 1013C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of di-isophorone derivatives

¹³C-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of a series of di-isophorone derivatives have been mapped and the individual resonances assigned. Assignments were obtained by comparing and correlating the spectra of closely related di-isophorones of known structure. Estimates, based on approximate calculations, of the chemical shifts of the six methylene moieties of the di-isophorone skeleton are in fair agreement with the observed values.     

13C NMR spectra of polycyclic compounds. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene tetramers

Comparison of experimental and calculated chemical shifts of carbon atoms in¹³C NMR spectra of two isomeric dodecacyclo[14.9.1.1^4,13.1^7,10.0^2,15.0^3,14.0^5,12.0^6,11.0^17,25.0^18,24.0^19,21. 0^20,24]-octacos-8-enes, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene tetramers, confirmed theirexo-trans-exo-trans-exo-endo-andexo-trans-exo-trans-exo-exo-configurations. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2545–2547, December, 1998.     

Di-isophorone and related compounds. Part 6. The action of nucleophiles on 8-bromodi-isophorone

Hydrolysis and acetolysis of 8-bromo-1-hydroxydi-isophor-2(7)-en-3-one yields both epimeric forms of the corresponding 4-hydroxy and 4-acetoxy-compounds, probably by a mechanism involving a bimolecular (SN2) displacement. The action of excess of hydrazine on the same reactant occurs with evolution of ammonia, to produce good yields of 4-hydrazono-1-hydroxydi-isophor-2(7)-en-3-one. This is convertible into N- and O-acyl derivatives, but its 3-oxo-group fails to raact with the usual ketonic reagents. Instead, its 4-hydrazono-group is displaced by substituted hydrazines and semicarbazides in an exchange process (transhydrazination).Part 5:A. A. Allen, F. Kurzer, andA. R. Morgan, J. C. S. Perkin I1980, 733.     

Simple NMR method for assigning relative stereochemistry of bridged bicyclo[3.n.1]-2-enes and tricyclo[7.n.1.0]-2-enes

The stereochemistry of syn and anti-forms of bridged bicyclo[3.n.1]-2-ene, tricyclo[7.n.1.0]-2-ene (n=1-3) and bicyclo[4.3.1]dec-7-ene derivatives can be assigned from the ¹³C chemical shift difference of the double bond. Both syn-9-R-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-enes and syn-13-R-tricyclo[7.3.1.0^2,7]tridec-2(7)-enes have a large shielding difference between sp² carbons, while the corresponding anti-forms have a smaller one. In contrast, 8-R-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-enes and 12-R-tricyclo[7.2.1.0^2,7]dodec-2(7)-enes have an inverse correlation. The reason of this specificity is the influence of the γ-gauche effect on the chemical shift of C(2) atom. The GIAO theory has been applied to investigate the ¹³C chemical shifts. The conformational equilibrium in the formamide group of 13-formylamino-tricyclo[7.3.1.0^2,7]tridec-2(7)-enes has been studied.     

2D-NMR: Part VI. 2D-INADEQUATE spectral analysis and crystal structure of tricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]tridecane

2-Hydroxy-13-oxo-tricyclo[7.3.1.0^2,7]tridecane derivatives can be obtained by reaction of cyclohexanone with alcohols under alkaline conditions. The unambiguous assignment of all signals of the¹H-NMR- and¹³C-NMR-spectrum is possible by 2D-¹H-¹³C-shift correlation and 2D-INADEQUATE. Compound1 crystallizes in space group P2₁/n witha=8.518 (1),b=14.789 (2),c=19.321 (2) Å, =94.91 (1)°,Z=8,D _c =1.22 Mg cm^–3. The structure refined toR=0.100 andR _w =0.097 for 1719 observed reflections. Two independent molecules form centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers.Part V:Haslinger E.,Kalchhau-ser H.,Robien W.,Steindl H., Monatsh. Chem.115, 597 (1984).     

Di-isophorone and related compounds. Part 7. Syntheses and properties of 1-hydroxydi-isophor-2(7)-ene-3,4-dione

1-Hydroxydi-isophor-2(7)-ene-3,4-dione (4), the -diketone derived from the parent di-isophorone, is obtained by several routes. Its formation by the hydrogenation of the corresponding 2,7-epoxide3 confirms its assigned structure. The action of alkali on 4-substituted 8-bromodi-isophor-2(7)-en-3-ones yields, presumably by a successive bimolecular (SN2) substitution and hydrolysis, the 4,4-dihydroxy-precursor, from which the 3,4-diketone4 arises by loss of water. In yet another approach,4 is produced by the hydrolysis of its 4-monohydrazone, which is independently accessible from 8-bromo-1-hydroxydi-isophor-2(7)-en-3-one (8). In acidic media, the yellow diketone4 enolises to the stable isolable colourless 1,3-dihydroxydi-isophora-2,7-dien-4-one (19); the action of alkali reverses the process. Both forms of the compound yield the same 1-acyl-derivatives and 4-hydrazones.Part 6:Davies, P. R., Kurzer, F., Morgan, A. R. Mh. Chem.111, 1097 (1980).     

Assembly of diverse structural types of organotellurium compounds in the reactions of (4-MeO-C6H4)2TeO with pyridine carboxylic acids

The reactions of Ar₂TeO (Ar = 4-MeO-C₆H₄) with 2-, 3- and 4-pyridine carboxylic acids (LH) afforded different organotelluroxane structural types depending on the stoichiometry of the reactants and the conditions of the reaction. Ar₂Te(L)OH (1a-1c) are formed in a 1:1 reaction of Ar₂TeO with LH in the presence of water. On the other hand a 1:2 reaction under anhydrous conditions leads to the formation of Ar₂TeL₂ (2a-2c). A 2:2 reaction under anhydrous conditions affords the ditelluroxanes Ar₂Te(L)OTe(L)Ar₂ (3a-3c) while tritelluroxanes Ar₂Te(L)OTeAr₂OTe(L)Ar₂ (4a-4c) are formed in 3:2 reactions. Interestingly, 3a-3c are formed in the reaction of 2a-2c with Ar₂TeO. The former can be hydrolyzed to 1a-1c while the latter upon reaction with Ar₂TeO lead to the formation of the tritelluroxanes 4a-4c. Attempts to metalate 2a with PdCl₂(MeCN)₂ leads to a transfer of the carboxylate ligand to palladium affording Ar₂TeCl₂ and PdL₂. X-ray crystal structures of representative examples of the family of 1, 2 and 3 reveal interesting supramolecular structures and the formation of a novel [TeO]₂ structural unit. The latter results from intermolecular secondary Te?O interactions.     

A set of triple-resonance nuclear magnetic resonance experiments for structural characterization of organophosphorus compounds in mixture samples

The ¹H, ¹³C correlation NMR spectroscopy utilizes J_CH couplings in molecules, and provides important structural information from small organic molecules in the form of carbon chemical shifts and carbon-proton connectivities. The full potential of the ¹H, ¹³C correlation NMR spectroscopy has not been realized in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) related verification analyses due to the sample matrix, which usually contains a high amount of non-related compounds obscuring the correlations of the relevant compounds. Here, the results of the application of ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy in characterization of OP compounds related to the CWC are presented. With a set of two-dimensional triple-resonance experiments the J_HP, J_CH and J_PC couplings are utilized to map the connectivities of the atoms in OP compounds and to extract the carbon chemical shift information. With the use of the proposed pulse sequences the correlations from the OP compounds can be recorded without significant artifacts from the non-OP compound impurities in the sample. Further selectivity of the observed correlations is achieved with the application of phosphorus band-selective pulse in the pulse sequences to assist the analysis of multiple OP compounds in mixture samples. The use of the triple-resonance experiments in the analysis of a complex sample is shown with a test mixture containing typical scheduled OP compounds, including the characteristic degradation products of nerve agents sarin, soman, and VX. The viability of the approach in verification analysis is demonstrated in the analysis of the 30th OPCW Proficiency Test sample.     

Acylation of [B12H12]2− dianion by carboxylic acid halides

The sodium salt of [B₁₂H₁₂]²⁻ dianion reacts with carboxylic acid halides to give a mixture of B-acylated product [B₁₂H₁₁COR]²⁻ and an unstable intermediate, the latter undergoing hydrolysis to form [B₁₂H₁₁OH]²⁻. The ratio of the products formed depends on the nature of the radical R. The reaction mechanism was studied by NMR spectroscopy. A number of novel [B₁₂H₁₁COR]²⁻ compounds were synthesized; their structures were confirmed by NMR and IR spectral data. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 980–985, May, 1998.     

Reaction of 4-R-2-phenyltetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrylium and 9-R-sym-octahydroxanthylium salts with furfural and related compounds

The condensation of furfural, 5-methylfurfural, and 2-thiophenecarbaldehyde with 4-R-2-phenyltetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrylium and 9-R-sym-octahydroxanthylium salts was studied. Condensation conditions under which acidophobic aldehydes of the furan series do not undergo resinification were found. 8-Furfurylidene and 8-thenylidene derivatives of 4-R-2-phenyltetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrylium and bisfurfurylidene and bisthenylidene derivatives of 9-R-sym-octahydroxanthylium salts were obtained for the first time. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1160–1165, August, 2008.