偏硼酸锂碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定透辉石中的SiO2、CaO、MgO、Al2O3、Fe2O3

采用偏硼酸锂熔样,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)内标法同时测定透辉石中的SiO_2、CaO、MgO、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3.选择合适的分析谱线,采用基体匹配和背景校正等方式有效消除了测定的干扰.试验结果表明,方法各组分的相关系数良好(r≥0.999 5),检出限分别为0.061%(SiO_2)、0.039%(CaO)、0.024%(MgO)、0.011%(Al_2O_3)、0.009%(Fe_2O_3),精密度高(RSD5%),回收率为99.0%~101.8%.所建方法应用于透辉石实际样品的测定,结果与外检实验室化学分析方法的测定结果基本一致.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定硅酸盐和高铁高钛铝土矿中主次组分

采用X射线荧光光谱法同时测定硅酸盐和高铁高钛铝土矿中SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、TiO_2、K_2O、Na_2O、CaO、MgO、MnO、P_2O_5等主次组分。0.500 0g样品与5.000 0g Li_2B_4O_7-LiBO_2混合熔剂(质量比为67∶33)混匀后,加入脱模剂200g·L~(-1) NH_4Br溶液0.6mL,氧化剂500g·L~(-1) NH_4NO_3溶液1.0mL,在1 100℃下先预熔2min,再熔融8min制备熔片。选择土壤、水系沉积物、岩石、铝土矿、高岭土等国家一级标准物质以及人工合成的校准样品绘制校准曲线。方法应用于硅酸盐和铝土矿标准物质及实际样品的主次成分的测定,结果与标准物质认定值或实际样品化学法测定值一致,各组分测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=12)小于8.0%。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定灰岩样品中主、次量组分

采用粉末压片制样,利用岛津1800型X 射线荧光光谱分析仪,对石灰石、白云石等灰岩类标准物质拟合校准曲线,建立了 X 射线荧光光谱法(XRF)同时测定石灰石、白云石样品中主次量组分(SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、CaO、K₂O、Na₂O、MnO、P)的快速分析方法。通过试验确定了样品粒度要达到74μm以下,30t压力下制片。通过灼烧减量对SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、CaO 含量进行校正,根据其含量与强度的对应关系绘制校准曲线,采用经验系数法可减小元素间的增强-吸收效应。对灰岩类试样进行精密度考察,各组分含量的相对标准偏差 RSD＜2%;对石灰石和白云石标准样品和实际样品进行准确度考察,测定值与标准推荐值或传统方法的测定值一致。     

熔融制样-单波长激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中主、次量成分北大核心CSCD

将经1000℃灼烧恒重后的样品0.6000 g、四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂混合熔剂6.0000 g和碘化铵0.5000 g置于铂-金坩埚中,混匀后在1150℃的自动熔融炉中熔融30 min,待冷却后取出脱模,制备成玻璃样片,采用单波长激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定其中主、次量成分,能有效解决能谱对轻元素的激发效率低和样品散射的连续谱背景过高问题,从而实现对微量轻元素的测定。以理论α影响系数法对基体效应进行校正,建立了各成分的工作曲线。利用铁矿石标准物质或有证化学分析标准样品中低含量成分的3.14倍标准偏差(s)计算检出限(3.14s),SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)、P、CaO、MgO、Mn的检出限依次为0.022%,0.024%,0.0050%,0.0044%,0.0062%和0.0065%。对不同铁矿石样品测定12次,高于检出限的成分测定值的相对标准偏差均小于8.0%。采用不同方法进行比对试验,除质量分数在0.10%以下的MgO之外,本方法测定其他成分所得结果与对比方法的测定结果吻合。     

气相色谱法测定污染空气中恶臭硫化物

应用固相微萃取(SPME)预处理技术,采用脉冲火焰光度检测器(PFPD)-气相色谱法(GC)测定污染空气中硫化氢、二硫化碳、甲硫醇、1,2-乙二硫醇、甲硫醚、羰基硫6种恶臭硫化物.同时探讨了SPME及色谱的最佳条件.所得各物质的校正曲线相关系数在0.998 0～0.999 4之间,检出限在1.9～4.1 pg之间,加标回收率在89%～102%之间,测定结果的RSD值在1.3%～3.1%之间,所建立方法应用于实际样品分析,获得满意结果.     

X射线荧光光谱法分析镁砂中的主次成分

采用镁砂标准样品作为校准样品,建立了熔融制样X射线荧光光谱法测定镁砂中MgO,Al2O3,SiO2,CaO,P2O5,Fe2O3的方法。采用熔融法为样品片和校准片的制备方法,选择四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂(67+33)为助熔剂,1.00mL LiBr溶液为脱模剂,熔融温度为1 100℃,熔融时间20min。对镁砂样品测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3%,对不同镁砂标准样品进行测定,方法的测定结果与认证值相吻合。     

双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中的砷和汞

对现有国标检测方法(GB/T 22105.1-2008和GB/T 22105.2-2008)进行改进,采用王水水浴浸提-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤样品中砷、汞的含量。采用土壤国家一级标准物质GSS-3,GSS-8,GSS-9与山西农田土壤样品为试验对象,筛选得到检测砷、汞元素含量最佳实验条件及仪器工作条件。砷、汞的质量浓度分别在0~150μg/L,0~2μg/L范围内与荧光强度成良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,砷、汞的检出限分别为0.021,0.0015 mg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.81%~4.64%(n=8),砷、汞的样品加标回收率分别为92.7%~103.0%,82.0%~95.5%。经国家一级标准物质验证,该法检出限、准确度和精密度均满足检测要求。改良后的方法可以同时准确、快速地测定土壤中砷、汞,极大地提高了工作效率,可以更好地适应当前大量的土壤分析工作。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定工业氯乙酸中氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和乙酸

工业氯乙酸样品经体积比为95∶5的0.05%(体积分数)磷酸溶液-甲醇(流动相)溶解后,用0.45μm滤膜过滤,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定滤液中氯乙酸、二氯乙酸与乙酸的含量。选用Inert Sustain AQ-C18色谱柱为固定相,用流动相进行等度洗脱,在检测波长215nm处进行测定。结果表明:3种目标化合物均达到了基线分离;氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、乙酸的质量浓度与其对应的峰面积在一定范围内呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999 5;氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和乙酸检出限(3S/N)分别为0.19,0.08,0.12mg·L~(-1)。方法用于实际样品分析,平行测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差分别为0.11%,6.6%,5.1%,极差分别为0.32%,0.03%,0.03%,满足HG/T 3271-2000对两次测定值差值的规定。对实际样品进行加标回收试验,回收率分别为99.8%～100%,97.5%～101%,96.7%～102%。与标准方法(HG/T 3271-2000)相比,本方法测定值的极差更小。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中镉、锗、钴

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地质样品中镉、锗、钴含量的分析方法。样品用氢氟酸-硝酸混合溶液加热溶解,然后加热浓缩驱酸,再用硝酸溶液(1+1)复溶提取,在选定的仪器工作条件下进行测定。镉、锗、钴的含量分别在0.00~0.10,0.00~5.00,0.00~50.00 μg/g范围内与质谱峰强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限分别为0.01,0.02,0.02 μg/g。用该方法对国家一级标准物质进行测定,测定值的相对误差均小于10%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.79%~8.45%(n=12)。该方法样品处理过程简便,检测效率高,适用于批量地质样品中镉、锗、钴的测定。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法同时测定稀土矿石中萤石、重晶石及天青石

建立了熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法(XRFS)同时测定稀土矿石中萤石、重晶石及天青石含量的方法。参考DZ/T 0130.2-2006制备样品粉末,以150 mL水磁力搅拌溶解样品中的硫酸钙,静置后弃去部分上清液,剩余溶液体积约30 mL。随后加入与剩余溶液等体积的含钙和锶的乙酸溶液,于电热板上微沸5 min,再补加与剩余溶液等体积的乙醇,混匀静置后过滤,排除样品中的碳酸钙、碳酸钡和碳酸锶等干扰。将滤纸及沉淀转移至铂-金坩埚内,烘干后置于马弗炉内,于800℃灰化,补加二氧化硅至灰分质量达到0.800 0 g,加入8.000 0 g混合熔剂(由质量比为12∶22的四硼酸锂和偏硼酸锂混合而成)及0.1 g脱模剂碘化铵,于1 100℃熔融620 s,所得样片按照XRFS工作条件测定。以纯物质和标准物质混合熔融配制的标准样品系列制作校准曲线,以基本参数法校正基体效应,将氧化钙、氧化钡和氧化锶的含量转换成氟化钙、硫酸钡和硫酸锶的,以表征萤石、重晶石和天青石的含量。结果显示:校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999 5;方法用于自制样品及实际样品的分析,自制样品的测定值与已知值基本一致,实际样品测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均不大于2.0%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.