合肥光源新的束团截面及发射度测量系统的研制

介绍了合肥光源储存环紫外光束团截面及束流发射度测量系统. 本系统采用光学探测, 由光学成像和图像采集处理两大部分组成. 光学成像部分利用光学成像将中心波长366.1nm紫外光1:1成像于CCD探测器上. 图像采集处理部分将CCD探测器采集的视频信号由电缆输出到图像采集卡进行图像采集, 然后由LabVIEW程序进行数据处理获得束团截面尺寸以及束流发射度和耦合度, 最后给出了实验结果.     

光学三维传感实验设计

基于三角法测量原理设计了光学三维传感实验系统.实验系统光源采用数字光学投影仪,并用计算机生成电子光栅.将电子光栅投影到被测物或参考面后,使用CCD进行图像采集,并通过视频采集卡将采集的图像数据传到计算机中保存.通过相应算法对保存的数据进行考查、处理,最终得到解调后的三维信息.     

基于机器视觉的雷达测角精度评估系统

利用光学成像原理,设计了基于机器视觉的雷达测角精度评估系统,主要包括光学部分(CCD相机)、图像采集部分和图像处理与目标角度信息提取部分等;机器视觉的定位成像和高精度测角,保证了该系统能在紧缩场中对雷达系统进行自动化、高精度、实时的角度测量校准和测量精度评估试验;理论分析和仿真结果表明,补偿由于雷达系统和机器视觉系统安装位置不同引起的角度测量偏差后,在正常的实验测量误差条件下,基于机器视觉的角度测量校准和评估系统能达到0.005°的校准和评估精度。     

光学信息处理讲座第四讲 银盐记录介质在光学信息处理中的应用

光学信息处理以其速度快、信息容量大、结构简单、可以同时完成二维或多通道运算等优点而被人们所重视,并已成为现代光学的重要组成部分.光学信息处理的基本装置可以分为以下几个主要部分:光源、输入转换器、光学处理系统以及输出转换器.目前,输入转换器主要通过感光胶片将输入信号或图象送入处理系统.光学处理系统是由透镜或其它全息光学元件构成的模拟运算系统,此系统中的空间滤波器是光学信息处理系统中的关键元件,必须根据具体课题的要求进行设计并用记录介质或其它材料来制备.输出转换器一般是用记录介质把处理结果记录下来,或通过摄像…     

一种光学频率梳绝对测距的新方法

采用光学频率梳的高精度绝对距离测量技术在航空航天、科学研究和工业生产等领域都发挥着重要作用.提出一种利用光学频率梳技术,通过检测光强实现绝对距离测量的新方法,研究了光学频率梳发出脉冲的时间相干性,分析了光强与被测距离之间的关系、干涉条纹峰值点位置与被测距离之间的关系.建立了基于Michelson干涉原理的测距系统,通过测量光强信息得到被测距离.以高精度纳米位移平台的位移量作为长度基准进行了绝对测距实验,在每个被测距离点都重复进行了10次实验,将10次实验测得的光强值取平均后用于距离的计算.实验结果表明,该方法可以实现绝对距离测量,在10μm测量范围内,最大误差为47 nm.因此,该方法可以应用于大尺寸高精度的绝对距离测量.     

近程光学导航空间目标特性计算模型校验方法

为了提高空间目标光学特性的计算精度,提出并实现了一种基于缩比模型实验的空间目标光学特性计算模型参数校验方法。首先,分析影响空间目标光学特性的主要因素,确定计算模型参数校验的总体方案;其次,构建空间目标光学特性实验测量系统,采集两类实验被测对象(表面材料与目标缩比模型)在不同条件下的光学特性数据;最后,建立基于实验测量数据的计算模型参数校验算法,对空间目标表面材料与几何结构的光学特性计算模型参数进行分步校验。实验结果表明,校模后的目标特性计算结果与实验结果在统计意义上趋近一致,该计算模型的校验方法可满足近程光学导航实际工程应用的要求。     

光学指纹采集与处理

设计了基于光学的指纹采集和处理系统.通过自组实验仪器,不断改进实验方案,最大程度地提高采集到的指纹图像的质量.利用Matlab处理采集图像,联合使用自适应直方图均衡和直方图均衡,得到对比度高且清晰可辨的指纹.     

过采样∑-△A/D技术在差分吸收光谱系统中的应用

差分光学吸收光谱法(DOAS)已经成为测量大气中微量气体成分含量常用的方法,该方法基于最小二乘原理,利用测量的大气光谱的差分吸收光学密度与标准的吸收截面进行拟合,确定待测气体的浓度.其测量精度不仅取决于光谱测量精度、仪器本身的噪声以及测量波段内其他气体的干扰等因素,还与痕量气体前期采集和处理有关.文章简介了差分吸收光谱法测量原理和仪器结构,提出过采样∑-△A/D技术,过采样技术与∑-△调制器的噪声整形技术结合,可对量化噪声进行双重抑制,从而提高待测波段内的信噪比,实验结果表明提高了DOAS系统的测量精度.     

激光数字光学平面玻璃表面检测系统技术研究

干涉波面数字化和测量分析处理方法是激光数字平面检测系统中的核心技术,只有掌握了此核心技术的关键内容,才能够真正实现对光学平面的快速高精度检测。对光学干涉波面的拟合函数系的选择、拟合算法、系统像差以及被测表面平面误差类型进行了理论分析和算法优化,并进行了实验测试,完成了系统的构建。发现了Zernike多项式阶选择法则,提出被测光学表面误差类型的判别标准以及一种全新的在“Zernike像差空间”确定激光数字光学平面检测系统精度的理论和方法,为实现检测自动化奠定了理论基础。     

空间瞬态光辐射信号定位系统电路设计与实现

研究并设计了基于光学定位法的空间瞬态光辐射信号定位系统.该系统与能量探测系统协调工作,在能量探测系统识别到目标信号后,经过定位探测、行列编码存储及DSP处理计算,最后输出闪光信号光斑的重心坐标.介绍了系统组成及各部分电路的实现方法,并给出测试结果.实验表明,系统定位准确、设计方案可行.     

电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS的光谱研究

实验研究了电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS在家兔心肌组织中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱特性。结果表明,含染料组织的光吸收普遍大于对照组,在450～550 nm波段吸收谱差异更明显;染料在心室组织中的最大吸收峰为(479.75±0.44) nm。通过测量含染料心脏不同部位的荧光光谱,首次发现心室组织、心房组织和主动脉的最大荧光峰位有一定差异,其相对荧光强度则与染料的分布浓度有关。根据三维和二维荧光光谱分别确定了含染料心房和心室组织的最佳荧光激发波长和荧光测定波长。利用心房和心室组织的静息电位差,在不同波长激发光下测量了染料的荧光光谱移动,确定了光标测量实验的最佳激发光和相应荧光检测波长范围。这些研究结果为心脏光学标测系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

基于神光Ⅲ原型ICF中子活化样品“跑兔”系统

针对神光Ⅲ原型激光装置上中子活化样品的传递问题，　研究并设计了“跑兔”系统。　介绍了神光Ⅲ原型装置上跑兔系统的结构与布局设计，　采用气动方程详细计算并分析了样品传输过程中气源压力、　润滑剂粘滞系数及样品盒与管壁的间距变化对样品速度变化的影响。　结果表明，　跑兔装置可在2.24 s的时间范围内将样品传输到指定位置，　基本达到了系统设计要求。　数值模拟结果可对“跑兔”系统的参数选取提供数值参考。     

A flexible 9-channel coil array for fast 3D MR thermometry in MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) studies on rabbits at 3 T

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a critical factor in MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for local heating, which can affect the accuracy of temperature measurement. In order to achieve high SNR and higher temporal resolution, dedicated coil arrays for MR-guided HIFU applications need to be developed. In this work, a flexible 9-channel coil array was designed, and constructed at 3 T to achieve fast temperature mapping for MR-guided HIFU applications on rabbit leg muscle. Coil performance was evaluated for SNR, and parallel imaging capability by in-vivo studies. Compared to a commercially available 4-channel flexible coil array, the dedicated 9-channel coil array has a much higher SNR, with at least a 2.6-fold increment in the region of interest (ROI). The inverse g-factors maps demonstrated that the dedicated 9-channel coil array has a better parallel imaging capability than the Flex Small 4. With accelerations normal to the array direction, both coil arrays showed much higher g-factors than those of accelerations along the array direction. Room temperature mapping was implemented to evaluate the temperature measurement accuracy by in-vivo experiments. The precisions of the 9-channel coil, ±0.18 °C for un-acceleration and ± 0.56 °C for acceleration at R = 2 × 2, both improved by an order of magnitude than these of the 4-channel coil, which were ± 1.45 °C for un-acceleration and ± 3.52 °C for acceleration at R = 2 × 2. In the fast temperature imaging on the rabbit leg muscle with heating, a high temporal resolution of 3.3 s with a temperature measurement precision of ±0.56 °C has been achieved using the dedicated 9-channel coil. This study demonstrates that the dedicated 9-channel coil array for rabbit leg imaging provides improved performance in SNR, parallel imaging capability, and the accuracy of temperature measurement compared to a commercial 4-channel coil, and it also achieves fast temperature mapping in practical MR-guided HIFU applications.     

空间遥感测绘光学系统研究综述

将遥感技术应用到测绘当中是现代地质测绘技术的发展趋势,随着光学载荷分辨率的不断提高,遥感测绘已经成为社会发展和国民经济发展的重要保障。光学载荷决定了测绘空间遥感器的分辨率、测绘精度、卫星平台体积与重量,是遥感器的核心部分。本文对高成像质量透射光学系统、同轴三反光学系统、离轴三反系统等常用的空间遥感测绘光学系统的结构形式和光学性能分别进行了介绍,并对处于研发阶段的新型空间反射光学系统的结构形式和光学性能进行了展望。分析认为,根据不同的应用环境和技术指标,合理选用不同种类的遥感测绘光学系统,可以最大程度利用平台资源,满足遥感测绘需求。     

Phase dynamics of a relativistic electron excited by the potential field of a wave packet: Reconstruction of phase space

Analytical and numerical methods were used to study the dynamics of the mapping that describes a determinate dynamic system consisting of a relativistic electron and a wave packet of potential waves. The mapping dynamics is shown to depend essentially on a parameter that characterizes the wave-packet intensity. The system behaves in different ways, depending on that parameter: it executes ergodic motion with displacement or motion with simultaneous regular and irregular trajectories. This mapping is shown to be typical and structurally stable. Altai State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, p. 50–56, May, 1998.     

中子活化Cu样品“跑兔”装置

 针对惯性约束聚变（ICF）实验装置上中子活化Cu样品的传递问题,设计并研制了“跑兔”装置,解决了“兔子”的顺畅传输、减速、定位、缓冲等问题。实验验证结果表明,“兔子”运动特性的实验曲线与理论模拟曲线吻合得很好,“兔子”可在1.12 s的时间范围内顺利地传输到14.3 m远的指定位置,平均速度为12.8 m/s,完全满足Cu样品的活化分析要求。     

Global behavior of gear system using mixed cell mapping

In some mechanical nonlinear systems, the transient motion will be undergoing a very long process and the attractor-basin boundaries are so complicated that some difficulties occur in analyzing the system global behavior. To solve this problem a mixed cell mapping method based on the point mapping and the principle of simple cell mapping is developed. The algorithm of the mixed cell mapping is studied. A dynamic model of a gear pair is established with the backlash, damping, transmission error and the time-varying stiffness taken into consideration. The global behaviors of this system are analyzed. The coexistence of the system attractors and the respective attractor-basin of each attractor with different parameters are obtained, thus laying a theoretical basis for improvement of the dynamic behaviors of gear system.     

Studies on high order mode of bell-shaped prototype cavities

Aluminium and copper prototype cavities were designed to study higher order modes(HOM).An automatic field mapping system was developed with LabVIEW to measure the adiofrequency(RF)charac teristics,such as resonant frequency,Q-value,shunt impedance and electromagnetic field distribution of the higher-order modes in a model RF cavity.Two kinds of the bell-shaped cavities were measured using the field mapping system,their frequencies are 1.5 GHz and 800 MHz respectively.The fields' distributions of the monopole modes and dipole modes,as well the R/Q values,were measured.     

Global behavior of gear system using mixed cell mapping

In some mechanical nonlinear systems, the transient motion will be undergoing a very long process and the attractor-basin boundaries are so complicated that some difficulties occur in analyzing the system global behavior. To solve this problem a mixed cell mapping method based on the point mapping and the principle of simple celll mapping is developed. The algorithm of the mixed cell mapping is studied. A dynamic model of a gear pair is established with the backlash, damping, transmission error and the time-varying stiffness taken into consideration. The global behaviors of this system are analyzed. The coexistence of the system attractors and the respective attractor-basin of each attractor with different parameters are obtained, thus laying a theoretical basis for improvement of the dynamic behaviors of gear system.

     

A feasible method for measuring the blood flow velocity in superficial artery based on the laser induced dynamic thermography

Infrared thermography has been proved to be a useful tool to detect thermal physiologic changes associated with various diseases. However, static and single point temperature mapping on skin surface provided by the infrared thermography has not been able to meet the requirements for evaluating the complicated physiological status of human body. In order to explore more physiological variables for possible disease diagnostics, the present paper has developed a laser induced dynamic thermographic modality to estimate the average velocity of the superficial blood flow by means of tracking thermal transport along blood flow direction. A conceptual in vivo experiment is designed to record dynamic temperature response of rabbit auricle skin by thermograph, which is then used to estimate the blood flow velocity through a derived theoretical model. In addition, the lumped parameter model is developed to calibrate the estimated error by compensating the thermal response time induced by the tissue temperature change that the current infrared thermal imaging system with limited thermal sensitivity may fail to capture. The final calibrated results are fitting well with that from the Doppler ultrasound measurement, which indeed verified the practicality and feasibility of the method developed in this work.