新型稀土铕配合物Eu(o-BBA)3(phen)电致发光研究

研究了一种新的稀土配合物邻苯甲酰苯甲酸-1,10-菲咯啉-铕(Eu(o-BBA)3(phen))的电致发光特性.采用不同的电子传输层材料,制备了多种结构的有机电致发光器件及有机无机复合器件.比较了单层电致发光器件A:ITO/PVK:Eu/Al与有机无机复合器件B:ITO/PVK:Eu/ZnS/Al发光性能的不同.分析了采用无机半导体材料ZnS作为电子传输层的优点.研究结果表明采用无机的电子传输层,能有效地避免激基复合物的形成,提高器件的亮度同时保持稀土离子发光的色纯性.     

混合发光层有机电致发光器件中的多重成分发射

以等摩尔空穴传输材料TPD和电子传输材料PBD组成结构为ITO/TPD/TPD∶PBD/PBD/Al的混合物发光层有机电致发光(EL)器件,观察到了相对于组成材料的荧光光谱红移的宽发射带。通过比较EL光谱,光致发光光谱及EL光谱分解,表明电致发光中同时包含单体发射、激基复合物和电荷对复合物的发射。激基复合物为TPD的激发态TPD*与PBD的基态相互作用形成TPD*PBD类型的复合物,电荷对复合物是带电荷的空穴传输分子(D+)的空穴和电子传输分子(A-)的电子交叉复合而形成的(D+-A-)*复合物。各激发态在电场作用下呈现不同的形成机理和复合过程,并且单体发射和激发态复合物的比例随电场而变化,导致发射光谱随电场增强而蓝移。该器件的最高亮度和最大外部量子效率分别为240 cd·(cm2)-1和0.49%。有机固态界面激基复合物或电荷对复合物的发射常出现宽的红移发射带,是调节发光颜色的有效手段。     

有机激基复合物电致发光器件

报导了有机电致发光（ＯＥＬ）器件中激基复合物（ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ）的发光现象．利用简单的结构，获得了ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ型的白色电致发光．结果表明ｅｘｃｉｐｌｅｘ的形成为ＯＥＬ器件获得多色发射提供了一种新途径．     

稀土有机光伏器件

采用真空气相沉积法制备了结构为ITO／TPD／Gd(DBM)3bath／Mg：Ag的双层结构有机光伏器件，其中，TPD为受体，Gd(DBM)3bath为给体。在4mW／cm^2的365nm波长紫外光从IT0玻璃方向垂直照射下，器件的开路电压Voc，短路电流Isc和填充因子FF分别为3．2V，29．24μA／cm^2，0．286。在实验中发现器件的外量子效率的光谱响应曲线与TPD的吸收光谱曲线基本一致，在紫外光照射下TPD／Gd(DBM)3bath膜层的界面处产生的激基复合物在光伏过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。     

利用激基复合物发光的有机白光电致发光器件

以NPB为空穴传输材料,(dppy)BF为发光层,Alq为电子传输层和色度调节层,制备了有机白光电致发光器件.该器件的白光发射是来自于(dppy)BF与NPB的固界表面形成的激基复合物发光,以及NPB与(dppy)BF发射的蓝光.该白光器件的色度稳定,在电压10～25V的变化范围内,色坐标变化由(0.29,0.33)到(0.31,0.35).器件在4V开启,12V电压下亮度和效率分别为200cd/m²和0.45lm/W.     

铒配合物的红外有机电致发光

研究了三价饵离子配合物在近红外区段的电致及光致发光特性。采用双层电致发光器件获得了饵离子位于1530nm的光发射,并通过改进后的三层结构器件的红外发射明显提高,首次获得了Er(DBM)3bath在977nm和1530nm的发射。总结不同电流密度下的系发射光谱强度变化规律,发现随电流密度增大,虽然光谱强度的增长呈近似线性,但相对效率却在急剧下降,对这一现象做了这初步讨论。器件在可见区有发光,其来源归结为激基复合物的发射。     

新型蓝色荧光材料5,5',6,6'-四苯基-2,2'-联吡嗪的制备和发光性质

以乙二胺和二苯乙二酮为原料合成了5,6-二苯基-2,3-二氢吡嗪(Dpdhpz),Dpdhpz在Ir Cl3·3H2O或三氟化硼乙醚等路易斯酸作用下发生自身氧化偶联得到了5,5',6,6'-四苯基-2,2'-联吡嗪(Dbppz)。在四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中,Dbppz的光致发光(PL)为深蓝色,最大发射峰位于400 nm,CIE坐标为(0.16,0.03)。Dbppz在THF溶液中最大量子效率为89%,在聚苯乙烯薄膜(Dbppz质量分数5%)中的量子效率为78%。将Dbppz制备成器件结构为ITO/HAT-CN(5 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/Dbppz(20 nm)/Tm Py PB(40 nm)/Li F(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)的非掺杂电致发光器件。实验发现,该非掺杂器件并没有产生预期的蓝色发光,而是意外地得到了一个白光器件。我们推测产生白光发射的原因与发光层和空穴传输层之间相互作用有关。由于空穴传输层NPB的芳胺结构具有电子给体性质,而Dbppz的吡嗪结构具有电子受体结构,发光层与空穴传输层的界面发生了电子给体和电子受体的相互作用,形成了激基复合物。在电致发光(EL)光谱中,除了Dbppz发光材料在415 nm的发射外,在550 nm还出现强的激基复合物的发射。激基复合物的产生使得EL发射出现了长波长光谱,同时减弱了发光层的"本征"发光。蓝色"本征"发光与激基复合物的黄色发光构成了一个CIE坐标值为(0.27,0.33)(亮度100 cd/m2)的白光器件。器件最大外量子效率、最大功率效率和最大电流效率分别为44%、0.74 lm/W和1.04 cd/A。     

可变色的钕和铒注入的ZnS发光二极管

利用离子注入技术制备ZnS发光二极管,当激发参数改变时,电致发光给出不同的发射颜色。一种类型ZnS发光二极管是将Nd离子注入到ZnS的一个表面,而Er离子注入到另一个表面,两而的电极做成条状并彼此交错,仪当反向偏压时才给出电致发光,因而外加电压改变极性时,二极管将是绿色(Er3+)或橙色(Nd3+)发光。第二种类型ZnS发光二极管是将Er和Nd离子注入到ZnS的同一表面,但是不同的深度,当外加电压的大小改变时,二极管发光颜色可以从绿色到橙色或者从橙色到绿色。     

微腔结构对铕配合物有机电致发光二极管(OLEDs)性能的提高

成功制备了铕配合物的微腔结构有机发光二极管(0LEDs),其发射层采用质量比为1：3的空穴传输材料(TPD)和电子传输材料(Eu(DBM)3bath)的混合层。该器件实现了Eu^3 高色纯度红光发射,其色坐标为(x=0．651,y=0．338);并克服了微腔器件的发光颜色随探测角度增大而变化的缺点。在微腔器件中,最大亮度在19V时达到1160cd／m^2;在高电流密度时的EL效率得到明显提高。     

利用微腔调节铕配合物实现多色电致发光

制备了以TCTA和CBP为空穴传输层、Eu(DBM)3Bath为发光层、TPBI为电子传输层的有机多层薄膜微腔电致发光器件。通过光学微腔来改变Eu(DBM)3Bath不同能级之间的跃迁速率,从而实现了Eu3+的5D0→7 F0(580 nm)、5 D0→7 F2(612 nm)以及5 D0→7 F3(652 nm)的多色电致发光。其中,发光主峰在5 D0→7 F2(612 nm)的微腔OLED最大电流效率超过20 cd/A,最大亮度超过1 300 cd/m2。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.