L, 8-Dihydroxyanthraquin0Ne-Li(I) Reaction. Spectrofluorometric Determination Of Li(I) In An Ethanolic And Acetonic Media

Abstract

A spectrofluorometric study of the reaction 1, 8-Didydroxv anthraquinone-Li(I) was made in ethanol and acetone media. A new method for the spectrofluorometric determination of Li(I) is proposed, with a range between 100 and 700 ppb of Li(I) in ethanolic medium and between 50 and 450 ppb in acetone medium. The methods show errors of 2.00 and 2.90 % respectively.     

Novel Synthesis of 2-(2-(3-Hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenylthiophen-2(5H)-ylidene)-2-phenylacetamido)propanoic Acid Analogues and Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties

This article describes the reaction of 3,6-diphenyl-thieno[3,2-b]furan-2,5-dione 1 with different amino acids 2a–j in glacial acetic acid which afforded the 2-(2-(3-hydroxy-5-oxo-4-phenylthiophen-2(5H)-ylidene)-2-phenylacetamido)propanoic acid analogues 3a–j and also describes the reaction of 3,6-diphenyl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2,5-dione 4 with different amino acids 5a–e in acidic medium to give 2-(2-(3-mercapto-5-oxo-4-phenylthiophen-2(5H)-ylidene)-2-phenylacetamido)propanoic acid analogues 6a–e. All the compounds have been screened for their anti-inflammatory activity against the carrageenan induced rat paw edema in albino rats. In the primary screening, some of the compounds exhibited appreciable activity.

Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (Z)-Ethyl 5-(phenylamino)-3-(phenylimino)-3H-1,2-dithiole-4-carboxylate

The compound (Z)-ethyl 5-(phenylamino)-3-(phenylimino)-3H-1,2-dithiole-4-carboxylate 3 has been synthesized by the reaction of ethylacetoacetate 1 and phenylisothiocyanate 2. Its structure has been established by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, infrared, mass spectra, and x-ray crystallography.      

Water mediated efficient one-pot synthesis of bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin)methanes

Abstract

Manganous chloride (MnCl₂·4H₂O) has been used as an efficient catalyst for an improved and rapid one-pot synthesis of bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin)methanes in excellent yields using water as a reaction medium. This aqueous mediated reaction of various aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes with 4-hydroxycoumarin using catalytic amounts of manganous chloride avoids the use of expensive, corrosive reagents, toxic solvents, and provides operational simplicity.     

Ceric Ion-Initiated Grafting of Poly(Methyl Acrylate) onto Chitin

Abstract

Poly(methy1 acrylate) was grafted onto chitin in an aqueous medium by using the ceric ion as a redox initiator in the presence of 10^?4 M nitric acid and oxygen from the atmosphere. The grafting percentage turned out to be dependent on reaction temperature, time, and initiator concentration, but it was found to be independent of monomer concentration. In the course of the grafting reaction, homopolymerization of methyl acrylate occurs. The percentage of homopolymer was found to depend only on the reaction temperature. The apparent activation energy for the grafting reaction was estimated to be 11 kcal/mol. The grafted chitin is insoluble in solvents for chitin but shows enhanced swelling in some organic solvents.     

A new protocol for Biginelli (or like) reaction under solvent-free grinding method using Fe (NO3)3.9H2O as catalyst

Abstract

A new protocol for Biginelli (or like) reaction has been developed under solvent-free grinding method using catalytic amount of hydrated ferric nitrate or clayfen. The advantage of this novel protocol lies in the avoidance of organic solvent, high yield, energy efficiency, variation of substrates, and use of inexpensive catalyst. The recycling of catalyst is also possible with clayfen for more than three times. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of ferric nitrate retains its efficiency in methanol and acetone as reaction medium.     

THE SYNTHESIS,CRYSTAL, MOLECULAR AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF TRIBROMO(NITROSYL) BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE) RHENIUM(II) AND TRIBROMO(NITROSYL) BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RHENIUM(I)

Abstract

Gaseous nitric oxide reacts with a benzene solution of [ReOBr₃(PPh₃)₂] to give [ReBr₃(NO) (OPPh₃)₂] (1). When the reaction is carried out in the presence of an excess of free triphenyl-phosphine, the product is [ReBr₃(NO)(PPh₃)₂] (2). The latter is also isolated in the reaction of 1 with PPh₃. This paper, apart from the synthetic methods, presents spectroscopic and magneto-chemical measurements, and crystal, molecular and electronic structures for 1 and 2.     

Synthesis of Some Functionalized 3-(4-Thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-YL) Acrylic Acid of Pharmaceutical Interest

3-(4-Thioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)acrylic acid 1 proved to be a convenient precursor for the synthesis of novel polyfunctional quinazoline derivatives of pharmaceutical interest via its treatment with some π-deficient compounds such as phenyl isocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate. Also, S- and N-glucosidation of quinazoline has been achieved by treatment of 1 with glucopyranosyl bromide in alkaline medium. The behavior of 1 toward acrylonitrile (under Michael reaction condition), paraformaldehyde in the presence of secondary amines (under Mannich reaction condition) and sodium azide were investigated. Moreover, the peptidyl derivatives of quinazoline have been synthesized by condensation of 1 with α-amino acids via different routes. Some of the newly synthesized products were tested for their antimicrobial activities. The structure assignments are based on the analytical and spectroscopic results.     

The green synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones via direct cyclocondensation reaction under catalyst-free conditions

ABSTRACT

A simple and environmentally benign method is described for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones by direct cyclocondensation of 2-aminobenzamide with aromatic aldehydes using water as the reaction medium. The parameters such as temperature, substrate molar ratio and reaction time were examined to establish the optimal synthetic process. The present procedure has advantages of low cost, mild reaction conditions, simple workup process, simply purification, excellent yields and no use of catalyst and hazardous organic solvents.     

1, 8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-Ca(II) Reaction. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Traces of Ca(II)

Abstract

1, 8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (1, 8-DHAn) shows a fluorescent reaction with Ca(II) ion in ethanol-water mixtures and ammoniacal medium.

In the present work the 1, 8-DHAn-Ca(II) complex has been studied spectrofluorimetrically. The complex shows two excitation maxima at 485 nm and 495 nm and its emission maximum is centered at 615 nm. A 2:1 (R:C) stoichiometry and a log K_est of 7.38±0.22 for the overall equilibrium have been found for the complex.

A new method for the spectrofluorimetric determination of Ca(II) between 50 and 550 ngml^?1 has been proposed. The interference level of foreign ions has been established.     

N- And S-Alkylation of 3-(1-Aadamantyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol and 2-(1-Adamantyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol

ABSTRACT

-The reaction of 3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol 1 with certain 2-aminoethyl chlorides in alkaline medium yielded a separable mixture of the S-(2-aminoethyl) derivatives 2 and the N-(2-aminoethyl) derivatives 3. Meanwhile, alkylation of 2-(1-adamantyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol 4 with 2-aminoethyl chlorides under the same conditions yielded only the S-alkyl derivatives 5. Interaction of 4 with primary or secondary amines and formaldehyde solution yielded the corresponding N-aminomethyl derivatives in high yields.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Some Aldoses by Cerium(IV)

Abstract

The kinetics of oxidation of some aldoses by cerium(IV) have been studied spectrophotometrically in sulphuric acid medium. The reactions are second order; first order with respect to both cerium(IV) and aldose concentration. The reaction rate decreases with increase in sulphuric acid concentration. The mechanisms for the reactions are discussed.     

Indirect Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) Determination of Atenolol

Abstract

The Cu(II)-atenolol complex was prepared, and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques (via. IR, electronic and EPR spectra). The spectral results obtained indicate tetrahedral geometry around the Cu(II) ion. An indirect atomic absorption spectrometric method was undertaken to estimate atenolol in pharmaceutical preparations, based on its reaction with Cu²⁺ in alkaline medium. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive.     

Reactions Between 4-Hydroxycoumarins or 4-Hydroxy-1-Methylquinolinone and Dmad in the Presence of Phosphites. Synthesis of (Chromen-3-YL)- and (Quinolin-3-YL)-(Dialkoxyphosphoryl)Succinates

Abstract

Dimethyl (chromen-3-yl)-(dialkoxyphosphoryl)succinates are prepared from the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin with DMAD and P(OR)₃. 4-Hydroxy-1-methylquinolinone reacts with DMAD and P(OEt)₃ to give dimethyl (quinoline-3-yl)-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-succinate.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT      

Novel one-pot multicomponent synthesis of (E)-2-(benzylideneamino)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione derivatives

Abstract

An expeditious, one-pot multicomponent reaction has been developed for the synthesis of (E)-2-(benzylideneamino)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione derivatives. Condensation of 4-amino-5-hydrazino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with phthalic anhydride and aromatic aldehyde afforded the (E)-2-(benzylideneamino)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones in acetic acid medium with excellent yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their analytical and spectral data.     

Spectrophotometric and Indirect Determination of Lincomycin by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

Abstract

The reaction of lincomycin with cupric ions in alkaline medium was taken as a basis for the colorimetric and indirect atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) determination of lincomycin hydrochloride.

The AAS procedure was based on the extraction of copper-lincomycin complex at pH 11, into n-butanol. The copper content in this extract was determined by AAS. The response was linear for up to 30 μg ml^?1 of lincomycin. The method is accurate, sensitive and simple.

The proposed methods were applied to pharmaceutical preparations with fine accuracy.     

Efficient atom-economic one-pot multicomponent synthesis of benzylpyrazolyl coumarins and novel pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles catalysed by 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) as a bio-organic catalyst

The present work describes eco-friendly multicomponent protocol for the synthesis in excellent yields of structurally diverse benzylpyrazolyl coumarin 5 (a–s) involving the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate/phenyl hydrazine hydrate and aldehydes, also novel pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives 8 (a–k) integrated by isonicotinic acid hydrazide from reaction of aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile with isoniazid, employing water as a reaction medium and 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) as the catalyst. This new methodology endowed the advantages such as short reaction time, recovery of catalysts after catalytic reaction and reusing them without losing their activity and alleviate of operation.     

Investigation of A New Catalytic Reaction of Complex Formation of Cobalt (III) With Nitroso-R-Salt for the Determination of Microquantities of Phosphate-Ions

ABSTRACT

The catalytic action of phosphate-ions on the reaction of complex formation of cobalt (III) with nitroso-R-salt in a weakly acid medium has been found. The dependence of the rate of the catalytic reaction on temperature, concentrations of reagents and catalyst, pH of the medium, as well as on the presence of some anion and non-ion surface-active substances and accompanying inorganic minerals was studied. The optimum conditions for the determination of 0.1 μg/ml PO^3- ₄ in water were determined. A technique for the determination of phosphate-ion impurity up to 9×10^-5% in the high-purity sodium iodide and 2×10^-4% cesium iodide used for the single crystals growth is suggested.     

Unusual behavior of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one towards some phosphorus reagents: Synthesis of novel diethyl 2-phosphonochromone,diethyl 3-phosphonopyrone and 1,3,2-oxathiaphosphinines

The chemical reactivity of 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1) towards some phosphorus reagents was studied. The enaminone 1 was cyclized into diethyl 2-phosphonochromone 2 via its treatment with diethyl phosphite in basic medium. However, its reaction with triethoxy phosphonoacetate gave the substituted pyrone phosphonate 3. In addition, two novel examples of 4-(dimethylamino)-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-sulfido-4H-1,3,2-oxathia-phosphinines 6 and 7 were obtained from treatment of enaminone 1 with O,O-diethyl dithiophosphoric acid and Lawesson’s reagent. When enaminone 1 was also treated with phosphorus decasulfide, it was turned into 4H-thiochromene-4-thione while its treatment with phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus oxychloride, or phenylphosphonic dichloride, 4H-4-oxo-chromene was isolated in all cases. The possible reaction mechanisms of the formation of these products were discussed. The structures of newly isolated products were established by elemental analysis and spectral tools.     

Magnetically reusable nanocatalysts in biginelli synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs)

Abstract

Molecules containing dihydropyrimidinone (DHPMs) structures are very important in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry due to their excellent biological activities application in synthesis of natural products. Biginelli condensation reaction between an aldehyde, urea/thiourea and a carbonyl compound is the most popular strategy for the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones. Magnetic recoverable nanocatalysts can be readily separated from reaction medium by using an external magnet, without the need for filtration, centrifugation or other tedious workup processes. In recent times, the catalytic potential of magnetically recoverable nanocatalysts was evaluated in a variety of Biginelli reactions. In this review, we focus on the application of magnetically recoverable gold nanocatalysts in Biginelli synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives.